| 释义 |
tadpole1|ˈtædpəʊl|
Also 5 taddepol, tadpolle, 6 tadpal, 7 tod-, toad-pole, toad-poll.
[f. ME. tāde, tadde, toad + (app.) poll n.1, head, roundhead. The latter element has been questioned, on the ground of the apparent inappropriateness of the name ‘toad-head’; but cf. the dialectal synonym pollhead or polehead (in Sc. and north. Eng. powheid), app. = head-head.]
1. The larva of a frog, toad, or other batrachian, from the time it leaves the egg until it loses its gills and tail. Chiefly applied in the early stage when the animal appears to consist simply of a round head with a tail.
14..Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 569/7 Brucus, a taddepol. c1475Pict. Voc. ibid. 766/20 Hic lumbricus, a tadpolle. 1519W. Horman Vulg. 277 b, This water is full of tadpollys. 1598Sylvester Du Bartas ii. ii. iii. Colonies 411 After a sweltring Day, some sultry showr Doth in the Marshes heaps of Tadpals pour. 1605Shakes. Lear iii. iv. 135 Poore Tom, that eates the swimming Frog, the Toad, the Todpole. 1681Hickeringill Char. Sham-Plotter Wks. 1716 I. 212 A Sham-Plotter..is the Spawn of a Papist, as a Toad-Poll of a Toad. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. IV. 47 The egg, or little black globe which produces the tadpole. 1886Ruskin Præterita I. ix, 293 Without so much water anywhere as..a tadpole could wag his tail in.
b. transf. and fig. (In quot. 1588, a black infant.)
1588Shakes. Tit. A. iv. ii. 85 Ile broach the tadpole on my Rapiers poynt, Nurse giue it me, my sword shall soone dispatch it. 1881Macm. Mag. XLIV. 475 Such pale tad⁓poles,..with listless ways, and few games.
2. Sometimes applied to the tailed larva of a tunicate, the swimming tail of which is afterwards dropped or absorbed.
1880E. R. Lankester Degeneration 42 The egg of Phallusia gives rise to a tadpole. 1909W. Hatchett Jackson Let. to Editor, The ascidian or tunicate tadpole.
3. A local name in the U.S. of a water-fowl, the Hooded Merganser, Lophodytes cucullatus, apparently from the size of its head, or from the patch of white on its crest.
1891in Cent. Dict.
4. attrib. and Comb., as tadpole form, tadpole state, etc.; tadpole-like adj.; tadpole fish, -hake, a ganoid fish of the North Atlantic, Raniceps raninus.
1682Dryden Medal 304 Frogs and Toads and all the Tadpole Train. 1682S. Pordage Medal Rev. 30 The Tadpole-Priests, Shall lift above the Lords, their Priestly Crests. 1768G. White Selborne xvii, Frogs are as yet in their tadpole state. 1832Johnston in Proc. Berw. Nat. Club I. No. i. 7 Of the tadpole fish [Raniceps trifurcatus, Flem.], I had the pleasure of exhibiting to you a living specimen. 1847Carpenter Zool. §980 The young animal [ascidian] has..a large tadpole-like tail. 1856Gosse Marine Zool. ii. 27 At first it has a tadpole-like form.
Hence (chiefly nonce-wds.) ˈtadpoledom, ˈtadpolehood, ˈtadpolism, the state of being a tadpole; also fig.; ˈtadpoleˌward adv. [see -ward].
1863Kingsley Let. 29 May, in Life (1879) II. 157 Little beggars an inch long, fresh from water and *tadpoledom.
1891C. L. Morgan Anim. Sk. 222 Little Froggies which have just emerged from *tadpole-hood. 1897G. C. Bateman Vivarium 296 Many of the Batrachians, during a portion of their tadpolehood, are vegetable feeders.
1897Voice (N.Y.) 8 Apr. 3/1 Degeneration is involution through self *tadpoleward.
1883Baring-Gould J. Herring III. lix. 293 All previous existence would be *tadpolism. |