| 释义 |
take-off, n. and a.|ˈteɪkˌɒf, -ɔː-|
Also takeoff.
[The verbal phrase take off (see take v. 85) used as n. or adj.]
A. n.
1. A thing that ‘takes off’ or detracts from something (see take v. 85 k); a drawback.
1826Miss Mitford Village Ser. ii. 214 (French Emigrants) Notwithstanding these take-offs, our good duchess had still the air of a lady of rank. 1868Ld. R. Gower Remin. (1883) I. xvi. 304 The only take-off to being perfectly happy is the state of my dearest mother's health.
2. An act of ‘taking off’ or mimicking (see take v. 85 j); a mimic; a caricature. colloq. Freq. in literary or theatrical use, a skit or parody. Const. of or (chiefly U.S.) on.
1846Knickerbocker XXVII. 457 Whittier will smile at the following ‘take-off’ of his spirited ‘Songs of Labor’. 1855Robinson Whitby Gloss., A tak off, a descriptive burlesque... A mimic, or satirical person. 1884G. H. Boughton in Harper's Mag. Sept. 526/1 He trotted beside the car.., roaring with glee at his ‘take off’. 1930C. Wittke Tambo & Bones iv. 157 The take-offs on theatrical stars..often displayed rare powers of mimicry. 1951Manch. Guardian Weekly 4 Jan. 15/4 Finely written take-off on New York theatre society. 1967J. Philip et al. Best of Granta ii. 103 A favourite ploy was to devote a whole issue to a take-off of a national magazine. 1976New Yorker 15 Nov. 4/2 This musical, with the indicated twist, is a foolish takeoff on foolish musicals of the thirties. 1983Listener 30 June 14/3 As well as being a take-off of Italian opera..The Beggar's Opera is a parody of the pastoral mode.
3. a. The act of ‘taking off’, or springing from the ground, in leaping (see take v. 85 n (b)); usually transf. a place or spot from which one takes or may take off. Also fig.
1869Blackmore Lorna D. x, Is she able to leap sir? There is a good take-off on this side of the brook. 1887M. Shearman Athletics & Football v. 153 If the ‘take-off’ is..so slippery as to make the jumper nervous of falling, he may..jump into the bar instead of over it. 1889Boy's Own Paper 7 Sept. 780/3 It..also encourages the habit of judging the take-off with accuracy. 1904R. Thomas Swimming (ed. 2) 50 Takeoff, the board, side of bath or any standing place whether free from spring or not, from which a leap, header, feet first or other spring into water is made or taken. Ibid. 409/2 The one ‘ready to dive’ should have his feet over the edge of the takeoff. 1905Westm. Gaz. 15 May 4/1 The true basis of offensive strategy is to ensure a sound ‘take-off’. 1906Ibid. 27 Aug. 4/1 The Great Western adopted Milford Haven as the ‘take-off’ for its service of steamers to Ireland. 1920Naylor & Temple Mod. Physical Educ. 189 The ‘take-off’ may be made from one foot. 1951Times 3 Jan. 4/5 Search the rinks of today for a take-off of beauty such as that of Bernard Adams..and you seek in vain. 1951Swimming (E.S.S.A.) iii. 49 The take-off in the back-crawl is immediate, since there is no over⁓balancing to contend with as in the front-crawl or the breast-stroke. 1977Arab Times 14 Dec. 10/3 Both high and long jump events were noticeable for their absence of the basic essentials; in the former, jumpers threw themselves at the bar with gay abandon without the slightest modicum of lift at take-off.
b. Aeronaut. The act of becoming airborne (see take v. 85 n (d)). Also transf.
1904Aeronaut. Jrnl. VIII. 56/1 The incline is one in two, the lower end forming a curve... The ‘take-off’ is on an upward incline of one in ten. 1914in C. F. S. Gamble Story North Sea Air Station (1928) 70 That take-off of his was worth going a long way to see. 1918in Ibid. xx. 353 The boat..taxied slowly along the water until the desired position for the ‘take-off’ was reached. 1929Sat. Even. Post 14 Dec. 13/2 A group of news camera-men were setting up to catch the take-off of the seaplane. 1942[see briefing vbl. n. 2]. 1951[see blast-off]. 1966Electronics 17 Oct. 107 Lengthy preflight tests increase the probability that the equipment will fail before takeoff. 1974Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 28 Dec. 4/3 When the [hydrofoil] boat rises on its struts, it is called ‘take-off’. 1977D. Anthony Stud Game xii. 69, I have a witness who says you couldn't have made the aeroplane ride... Grant's take-off that night is a matter of record.
4. Croquet. A stroke made from contact with another ball so as to send one's own ball nearly or quite in the direction of aim, the other ball being moved only slightly or not at all.
1874J. D. Heath Croquet-Player 39 This is a take-off, and a sharp tap is made. The direction C, in which the mallet is aimed, has approached very near to B, the direction to be taken by the striker's ball Y. Ibid. 57 When the latter either is likely to miss his partner, or will have a long take-off to separate you.
5. fig. The act of starting off (on a journey, etc.); a departure.
1928H. Crane Let. Dec. (1965) 332 [I] think I'm going to like London entirely too well for an early take-off to Spain. 1965J. Pollard Surfrider ii. 20 Another thing you have to watch is the ‘late take-off’, catching a wave at the last minute as it begins to break. 1973Black Panther 13 Oct. 17/1 The little green Fiat conveniently parked on the corner for what was to have been a speedy take-off.
6. fig. The beginning of (a new phase of accelerated or increased) growth or development. spec. in Econ.
1953W. W. Rostow Process Econ. Growth i. 17 The term ‘take-off’ is here used to describe the transition of a society from a preponderantly agricultural to an industrialized basis, or, more generally, a sustained rate of increase in output per capita. 1957Listener 10 Oct. 554/2 Development capital and trading conditions which facilitate their take-off into industrialisation. 1964M. McLuhan Understanding Media (1967) ii. xiv. 147 ‘Backward’ countries take a long time to reach economic ‘take-off’. 1973Daily Tel. 26 Feb. 17/6 The long-expected take-off in the sale of telephone facsimile machines will not happen before next year at the earliest. 1979Dædalus Spring 1 In a country like France, where the postwar ‘take-off’ was particularly painful.
7. See power take-off s.v. power n.1 18 f.
B. attrib. or adj.
1. a. From which one ‘takes off’ or makes the spring in leaping: cf. A. 3.
1889Boy's Own Paper 7 Sept. 780/3 The ground on the further side of the take-off line. 1896Harper's Mag. Apr. 731 It was a species of hurdle-racing, with the softest of take-off and landing sides [snow].
b. In sense 3 b of the n., as take-off area, take-off run, take-off speed, etc.
1943Yank 16 July 10 The planes..proceed down the roadway to the take-off strip. 1958Chambers's Techn. Dict. Add. 1019/1 Take-off rocket, a rocket, usually jettisonable, used to assist the acceleration of an aeroplane. 1958[see right of way 3 a]. 1960Guide to Civil Land Aerodrome Lighting (B.S.I.) 7 Take-off area, an area on the ground of specified dimensions which abuts the end of a strip. 1968Takeoff area [see sand-bar s.v. sand n.2 10 a]. 1969New Yorker 12 Apr. 100/2 The experiments, after they are set up, will be out of range of the blast of the LM's takeoff rocket. 1973D. Kyle Raft of Swords (1974) ii. xv. 162 He made take-off speed bumping disconcertingly. 1976P. Cave High Flying Birds iii. 37 Before strapping in, I walked to the edge of the take-off area and cast my eyes around for any possible snags. 1981C. Potok Bk. of Lights (1982) v. 129 They landed in late afternoon... As they walked, a huge aircraft went into its takeoff run.
c. Of or pertaining to a starting-point or point of development, increase, etc. Cf. senses 5, 6 of the n.
1947Radiology XLIX. 304/2 Prior to death, the heart may be injured, as shown by a lowering of the take-off level of the T-wave. 1962M. McLuhan Gutenberg Galaxy 79 The great medieval invention of typography that was the ‘take-off’ moment into the new spaces of the modern world. 1962E. Snow Other Side of River (1963) xxiii. 172 By 1962 natural catastrophes and disastrous mistakes in take-off phases of the communes had cruelly combined to expose fantastic overclaims for agricultural output in 1958. 1965J. A. Michener Source (1966) 840 At eight o'clock all units were in take-off position. 1968B. Magee Aspects of Wagner i. 21 This combination of poetry and symphony that provided the take-off point for Wagner. 1974Times 21 Jan. 6/2 Nineteen sixty-six was the take-off year for population.
2. a. Applied to a part of mechanism for taking something off. Also used of an appliance which removes something. take-off board: see quots.
1896British Printer 138 The sheets should not be allowed to accumulate on the take-off board. 1907Cambr. Mod. Hist. Prospectus 97 So soon as the whole sheet is clear of the take-off drum, flyers..waft the sheet through a semi⁓circular arc, and drop it on to the take-off board..fixed at the end of the press opposite that from which the sheet started. 1945Richmond (Va.) Times-Dispatch 8 June 13 For hair-free and satin smooth legs, use take-off hair pads.
b. That may be taken off; designed to be readily put on and taken off.
1950N.Y. Times 29 Nov. 42/6 (heading) Take-off attire for spring shown. Bathing suits, town costumes and evening gowns have parts to be removed. 1977Lancashire Life Feb. 20/2 Minty (..showing their latest range of suites with take-off covers). |