| 释义 |
▪ I. taking, vbl. n.|ˈteɪkɪŋ|
[f. take v. + -ing1.]
I. Simple senses.
* The action or condition expressed by the verb take.
†1. Touching, touch: see take v. 1. Obs. rare.
1340[see take v. 1].
2. a. Capture, seizure (in warfare, etc.); apprehension, arrest; catching (of fish or other animals): see take v. 2, etc.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 222 After þe takyng of Kilyngworth castelle. 1456Sir G. Haye Law Arms (S.T.S.) 53 He herd the newis..of his brothir taking. 1494Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 23 The same herynges..shuld be of on tyme taking and salting. 1534in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 406 If the Kinges Bayleffe be present at the takinge of the same dettor. 1628Sir S. D'Ewes Jrnl. (1783) 43 Portsmouth (where he was imprisoned immediatelie upon his taking). 1748Anson's Voy. iii. viii. 370 The taking of the Manila galeon. 1869H. F. Tozer Highl. Turkey II. 228 The taking of Adrianople by the Turks.
†b. A seizure or attack of disease, esp. a stroke of palsy or the like; also, enchantment; blasting, malignant influence: see take v. 7, n. 3. Obs.
1533Elyot Cast. Helthe (1541) 50 Palseys, called of the vulgare people, takynges. 1559Morwyng Evonym. 332 The same resisteth the taking, as they cal it, or inchantment. 1605Shakes. Lear iii. iv. 61 Blisse thee from Whirle-Windes, Starre-blasting, and taking. 1639T. de la Grey Compl. Horsem. 69 The takings, sleeping-evill, madnesse, and the like.
3. a. The physical act of possessing oneself of anything, of receiving, accepting, and related senses: see take v. 12, etc.
13..Cursor M. 28578 (Cott.) Þirkin sinnes..ar..for-giuen, Wit worthi taking o þe fode O godds aun fles and blode. c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 345 Aftir takyng of þe Holi Goost. c1460Fortescue Abs. & Lim. Mon. xiii. (1885) 142 Wich maner off takynge is callid robbery. 1500–20Dunbar Poems xvii. 1, 5 Eftir geving I speik of taking... In taking sowld discretioun be. 1505Sel. Cas. Crt. Star Chamber (Selden) 221 The Town of Glowcestre is fre of all customs and takynges at Worcestre aforeseide. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 54 Be not dronken through ouermoche takyng of wyne. 1651Hobbes Leviath. ii. xxii. 122 A taking of the Sword out of the hand of the Soveraign. 1656H. Phillips Purch. Patt. (1676) 1 The letting and taking of Leases. 1660Wood Life Dec. (O.H.S.) I. 359 Their taking of notes at sermons. 1714Mandeville Fab. Bees (1725) I. 415 The taking of Snuff and smoaking of Tobacco. 1893Hodges Elem. Photogr. (1907) 115 The taking of portraits. 1896Law Times C. 408/1 The date of the taking of the census..was correctly stated.
b. Mental apprehension or perception (obs.); mental acceptance or reception; estimation.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. ii. x. (1495) b vj b/1 God..is aboue vnmateryall & aboue worldly takynge. 1568in Liturg. Serv. Q. Eliz. (1847) 517 With pacient takinge and quiett acceptation of this syckness. a1639Whateley Prototypes i. xxi. 253 Manifested in his sorrowful taking of her death.
4. a. Condition, situation, state, plight (in unfavourable sense). Only in phr. in, † at (a) taking, often with defining adj. Obs. exc. Sc.
1522Skelton Why not to Court 933 He is at suche takynge. 1542Udall Erasm. Apoph. 158 Wheras thou art in suche takyng, canst fynd in thyn herte to liue? 1592Lyly Midas i. ii, These boyes be droonk! I would not be in your takings. 1635R. Bolton Comf. Affl. Consc. iii. (ed. 2) 15 In what a taking was Job. 1662–3Pepys Diary 12 Jan., The poor boy was in a pitiful taking and pickle. 1715Wodrow Corr. (1843) I. 26 Persons, who have real scruples at oaths, are in a miserable taking. 1837Mrs. Carlyle Lett. (1883) I. 65 We are all in sad taking with influenza.
b. spec. A disturbed or agitated state of mind; excited condition, passion. (Const. as in a.)
1577Hanmer Anc. Eccl. Hist. (1619) 317 Valens, vnderstanding of this, was in a sore taking. 1581G. Pettie tr. Guazzo's Civ. Conv. iii. (1586) 159 b, Manie excellent and worthie men..comming before princes..haue plainely shewed in what troublesome taking they haue bene in. 1598Shakes. Merry W. iii. iii. 191. 1676 G. Etherege Man of Mode iii. iii, By this time your Mother is in a fine taking. 1797–8Jane Austen Sense & Sens. xxxvii, Lord! what a taking poor Mr. Edward will be in when he hears of it. 1874T. Hardy Madding Crowd xxx, You must not notice my being in a taking just now.
** That which is taken.
5. a. That which is received or gained; esp. in pl., the receipts or earnings of merchants, tradesmen, or workmen.
1632Massinger City Madam ii. i, Some needy shop⁓keeper who surveys His every-day takings. 1662W. Gurnall Chr. in Arm. iii. verse 18. i. lii. (1669) 417/2 To mend their takings in their shop. 1851Mayhew Lond. Labour I. 120/2 The weekly ‘takings’ of the ten thousand men and their families. 1885G. Denman in Law Rep. 29 Ch. Div. 469 A charge upon the property, or the takings, or the profits of the concern.
b. That which is captured; esp. the fish or other animals caught at one time, a capture, a catch.
1809Malkin Gil Blas v. i. ⁋67 Heyday! madam, your third husband dispatched already? You must be a most deadly taking. 1855Robinson Whitby Gloss. s.v., ‘A rare takking o' fish’, a good catch, or a heavy haul.
c. Printing. = take n. 7.
1808C. Stower Printer's Gram. 467 When the companionship are ready for their first takings of copy. 1875Ure's Dict. Arts III. 640 The MS...is then handed to a clicker, or foreman of a companionship, or certain number of compositors, each of whom has a taking of copy, or convenient portion of MS., given to him, to be set up in type.
II. Combinations.
6. With adv. or advb. phr., expressing the action of similar combinations of the verb in various senses (see take v. 76–93): as taking away, taking back, taking down, taking for granted, taking in, taking off (also attrib., esp. in sense 85 n (b) of the verb), taking on (in quot. = undertaking, enterprise: cf. take v. 86 d), taking out, taking over, taking up (in quot. 1683 concr. that which is taken up).
1382Wyclif Isa. xlii. 22 Thei ben maad in to raueyn,..in to *taking awei [1388 in to rauyschyng]. 1617Hieron Wks. II. 249 Those gifts..are lyable to taking away. 1629W. Bedell in Ussher's Lett. (1686) 402 Mr. Usher's sudden taking away,..admonishes me to work while the day lasts.
1487–8Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 651 Pro le *takyng-downe et le riddyng fundi dicti cancelli, xxiijs. iiijd. 1864Gd. Words 317/2 One hour of taking down makes about six hours' work in copying.
1876Lowell Among my Bks. Ser. ii. 174 A childlike simplicity and *taking-for-granted which win our confidence. 1879C. Rossetti Seek & F. 248 Sloth, with its vicious allies of unpunctuality,..half measures, baseless taking for granted, guess-work.
1598B. Jonson Ev. Man in Hum. iii. i, The best leaguer that ever I beheld..except the *taking in of—what do you call it? 1603Knolles Hist. Turks (1638) 184 Neither is this taking in of the country of Carasina to be accounted a small conquest. 1707Mortimer Husb. (1721) I. 27 Parcels of Land that would pay well for the taking in. 1902E. Banks Newspaper Girl 193 They prosper exceedingly and their takings-in at the end of the week are apt to be very large. 1983Sunday Tel. 21 Aug. 11/8 Detection first determines a garment's original shape through successive takings-in and lettings-out.
1605Shakes. Macb. i. vii. 20 His Vertues Will pleade like Angels, Trumpet-tongu'd against The deepe damnation of his *taking off. 1683Moxon Mech. Exerc., Printing xxii. ⁋3 Having Destributed that Taking off he makes another Taking off as before. 1719De Foe Crusoe (1840) I. iv. 67 Thou art not worth..the taking off of the ground. 1755Connoisseur No. 57 ⁋3 Imitations of..well-known characters..to which they have given the appellation of taking-off. 1852Surtees Sponge's Sp. Tour ix, [The] horse..had scrambled out of the brook on the taking-off side. 1881Times 14 Feb. 4/2 The taking off at the jumps was awkward, and the landing more ugly still. 1894H. Nisbet Bush Girl's Rom. 180 If a man or woman was to be spared it was..because their taking off was a waste of powder and lead. 1898L. Stephen Stud. of Biogr. I. vii. 230 A mere taking-off place for a flight into the clouds.
1422tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv. 180 That tokenyth hardynesse of herte, grete *takynge on, and stowtesse.
1466Paston Lett. II. 268 To the glaser for *takyn owte of ii. panys of the wyndows. 1924R. Macaulay Orphan Island xiii. 160 ‘If you have nothing to contribute, sir,’ he whispered, ‘kindly pass the plate, which is for puttings in, not takings out.’
1917Acts State New Jersey xiv. 29 For any road in the State Highway System prior to its *taking over as a State Highway [etc.].
1565*Taking up [see take v. 93 c (b)]. a1649Drummond of Hawthornden Declar., etc., Wks. (1711) 208 The treaty..discharging all taking up of arms against the kingdom. 1683Moxon Mech. Exerc., Printing xxii. ⁋3 Now he has his Taking up in his Hand, with the Face of his Letter towards him. 1798in Picton L'pool Munic. Rec. (1886) II. 224 A constant yearly taking up of money upon new bonds. 1841Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. IV. 318/1 Gearing for producing..the ‘taking-up’ or ‘traversing motion’ of the plank during the operation of sawing.
7. Attributive Combs., as taking-day; taking lens, taking-screen (see take v. 33 b).
1836R. Furness Astrologer i. Wks. (1858) 139 On Takin⁓days, when wit and ale were free. 1897Pop. Sc. Monthly Nov. 138 The viewing [screens] differ from the taking screens. 1907Westm. Gaz. 24 Aug. 14/2 This positive is then mounted in contact with a viewing-screen ruled in precisely the same way as the taking-screen. 1951[see finder 3 d]. 1961G. Millerson Telev. Production iii. 28 (caption) Small viewfinder kinescope showing TV picture (optically magnified) seen through taking lens. 1962M. L. Haselgrove Photogr. Dict. 187 Taking lens, the lower lens of a twin-reflex camera, which forms the image actually falling on the film.
▪ II. ˈtaking, ppl. a.
[f. as prec. + -ing2.]
That takes, in various senses; see the verb.
1. Seizing, receiving; getting something into one's possession; rapacious. rare.
1483Cath. Angl. 377/2 Takynge, capax, accipiens, & cetera. 1598Fam. Vict. Hen. V, ii. 16, I dare not call him theefe, but sure he is one of these taking fellowes. 1835Court Mag. VI. 168/2 There were taking men, who imposed upon him at pleasure; for he did not prosecute.
2. That takes the fancy or affection; captivating, engaging, alluring, fascinating, charming, attractive. (The most usual sense: now colloq.)
1605B. Jonson Volpone i. i, That colour Shall make it much more taking. 1665Boyle Occas. Refl. vi. x. (1848) 376 He will ever consider the taking'st Notions he can frame of vertue, more as Engagements to it, than Arguments of it. a1721Prior Songs xv. 11 Phillis has such a taking way, She charms my very soul. 1757Foote Author i. Wks. 1799 I. 137 You must provide me with three taking titles for these pamphlets. 1824Dibdin Libr. Comp. 771 The plates..are bright, spirited, and very ‘taking’. 1882C. Pebody Eng. Journalism xix. 143 The secret of immediate success in a public writer is said to be mediocre ideas and a taking style.
3. Seizing or affecting injuriously; † blasting, pernicious (obs.); infectious, ‘catching’. rare.
1605Shakes. Lear ii. iv. 166 Strike her yong bones, You taking Ayres, with Lamenesse. a1620Fletcher & Massinger False One iv. iii, I am yet too taking for your company. 1636Featly Clavis Myst. xvii. 220 The diseases of the mind are more taking than the diseases of the body.
4. With adverbs, as taking-away, taking-in, taking-off, etc.: see take v. 76–93. (Here often blending with the vbl. n.)
1530Palsgr. 279/1 Takyng away, ablatif. 1841Savage Dict. Printing 791 Boys are employed in machine printing to take away the sheets as they are printed..; this is also styled Taking-off, and the boys taking-off boys. 1882Worc. Exhib. Catal. iii. 38 Printing Machine with..automatic taking-off apparatus. 1884Southward Pract. Printing 462 When printed,..[the sheets] are deposited in a pile on the taking-off board. 1886J. Paton in Encycl. Brit. XX. 845/1 The twisted twine is drawn off..and is wound on taking-up bobbins.
Hence ˈtakingly adv., in a taking manner; engagingly, alluringly, attractively; ˈtakingness, taking quality or character, engagingness, alluringness, attractiveness.
1607Beaumont Woman Hater iv. ii, I will gather my self together with my best phrases, and so I shall discourse in some sort *takingly. 1681J. Flavel Meth. Grace xxix. 510 This will represent religion very beautifully and takingly to such as are yet strangers to it. a1711Ken Psyche Poet. Wks. 1721 IV. 161 Verse, by which Lust is takingly instill'd.
1656Artif. Handsom. 41 Outward adornings..have something in them of a complaisance and *takingnesse. 1890J. H. Stirling Philos. & Theol. i. 18 A simple takingness that is divine. |