| 释义 |
▪ I. tamper, v.1|ˈtæmpə(r)|
Also 4–7 temper.
[Before 1600 mostly spelt temper, and app. originating in temper v., as used in reference to clay. The trans. use to temper clay appears to have become absol. to temper, and then intr. to temper in clay; hence fig. to temper or tamper in or with any business or matter. Tamper, which appears in reference to clay in 1573, was prob. a dial. or workmen's pronunciation, which became at length established, so as to differentiate this vb. from temper.
For a development of sense very similar to that shown in temper and tamper, cf. meddle v.]
I.
†1.
a. intr. To work in clay, etc. so as to mix it thoroughly.
b. trans. To temper (clay). Obs.
1573Tusser Husb. (1878) 37 A fork and a hooke, to be tampring in claie, A lath hammer, trowel, a hod, or a traie. 1766Compl. Farmer s.v. Spiky-roller, Where..the clay grows dry, and will not admit of being duly tampered for use without great pains in breaking it.
II.
2. intr. To work or busy oneself for some end; to machinate, scheme, plot. Const. in some practice, for something, to do something.
α1596Drayton Leg. iv. 289 Here first to worke my busie brayne was set,..To temper in so dangerous assayes. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. viii. vii. §17. 404 Howsoeuer Edward and he had tempered for the Kingdome.
β1613Fletcher, etc. Captain iv. ii, You have been tampring any time these three days, Thus to disgrace me. a1661Fuller Worthies, Yorks. (1662) ii. 191 Tampering too soon and too openly, to derive the Crown in his wives right to himself. 1674Essex Papers (Camden) I. 196 Yt I might discover whether Ormond was tampering, wth y⊇ assistance of Duke, to give Essex his place. 1678Butler Hud. iii. ii. 269 Others tamper'd For Fleetwood, Desborough, and Lambert. 1709Strype Ann. Ref. I. xxxii. 328 The provost of Paris, being here in London, was especially tampering in treasonous practices against the Queen. 1736Chandler Hist. Persec. 355 He tamper'd..to introduce some ceremonies bordering upon superstition. 1768H. Walpole Hist. Doubts 77 The queen dowager tampered in this plot. 1823Scott Peveril vii, You shall..[not] tamper..amongst my servants, with impunity.
3. intr. To try to deal or enter into clandestine dealings with (a person), about or in order to some design; often with the connotation of meddling or interfering improperly with a person.
α1567Harman Caveat 70 For often hee hath bene tempering with me [a woman], and yet haue I sharpely sayde him naye. 1584R. Scot Discov. Witchcr. ii. ii. (1886) 16 If they should first be committed to prison the divell would temper with them and informe them what to doo. 1599Sandys Europæ Spec. (1632) 108 After that the Pope was once againe admitted, and had libertie to temper with his partie at pleasure. 1603Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 71 Shortly after he began also to temper with Guy, perswading him to resigne unto him that little right.
β1649Milton Eikon. iii. 23 Tampering both with the English and the Scotch army to come up against the Parlament. 1683Kennett tr. Erasm. on Folly 65 Another had been tampering with his neighbours wife. 1741Richardson Pamela (1824) I. 58 When he withdrew, I began to tamper with the farmer and his wife. 1748― Clarissa (1811) III. vii. 60 Joseph,..by tampering with Will, got all my secrets. 1790Beatson Nav. & Mil. Mem. II. 2 A small squadron..was detached after them, who found them busy in tampering with the natives. 1840Dickens Barn. Rudge xxxii, She has been tampered with, and most treacherously deceived. 1852C. M. Yonge Cameos II. ii. 17 He was trafficking with her enemies and tampering with her friends. 1870Disraeli Lothair ix, Their secret organisation is tampering with the people and tampering with the priests.
4. intr. To have to do or interfere with improperly; to meddle with (a thing).
α1601Holland Pliny II. 220 Hee would needs be handling and tempering with the weapons of his said guest.
β1636Divine Tragedie lately Acted 12 [He] spied a Gun over the chimney..and fell a tampearing with it, and first levelled at the mayds. 1655Fuller Ch. Hist. i. ii. §11 Humane Policy seldome proves prosperous, when tampering with Divine Worship. 1684Bunyan Pilgr. ii. 85 This Boy has been tampering with something that lies in his Maw undigisted. 1789W. Buchan Dom. Med. x. (1790) 119 There is no passion with which people are so ready to tamper as love. 1826Scott Jrnl. 29 Dec., The son..tampers with phrenology. 1868Farrar Silence & V. ii. (1875) 40 What was first tampered with, then yielded to, then persisted in, is next justified.
†b. spec. To meddle with medically. Obs.
1655Culpepper Riverius Printer to Rdr., Not that every Fool should turn Physition, or that every Reader should tamper with him or her self. 1677G. Mountagu in Buccleuch MSS. (Hist. MSS. Comm.) I. 326, I beseech you tamper not too much, nor let blood too much this cold season. 1706–7Farquhar Beaux' Strat. iv. i, I have been a tampering here a little with one of your Patients. 1784Cowper Task v. 668 Vain tamp'ring has but foster'd his disease.
5. intr. To meddle or interfere with (a thing) so as to misuse, alter, corrupt, or pervert it.
α1593Shakes. 3 Hen. VI, iv. vi. 29 Your Grace..may seeme as wise as vertuous, By spying and auoiding Fortunes malice, For few men rightly temper with the Starres. 1641‘Smectymnuus’ Answ. Post (1653) 89 Peckam Archbishop of Can. in a Synod was tempering with the Kings liberties.
β1610Cooke Pope Joan 38 Some paltry fellow hath bene tampering with his writings. 1722De Foe Moll Flanders (1840) 302 To have her up for tampering with the evidence. 1769Sir W. Draper in Junius Lett. xxvi. (1820) 122 It is highly unbecoming the dignity of peers to tamper with boroughs. 1860All Year Round No. 65. 354 His pistols, which Marcel had previously tampered with, miss fire. 1862Maurice Mor. & Met. Philos. IV. vii. §80. 413 Those had in his judgment tampered with truth. 1888Bryce Amer. Commw. v. lxxxviii. 379 A large number of persons accused of..tampering with ballot boxes.
b. trans. To put off or do away with by tampering or clandestine dealing. rare.
1817Keatinge Trav. II. 217 No putting off trials..until prosecutions are wearied off, or tampered off.
†6. trans. To bias, affect, influence, sway (a person, his mind, passions, etc.); to disaffect. Obs.
? for tamper with, or = temper v. 6.
1687R. L'Estrange Answ. Diss. 43 The Worst Way of Tampering Peoples Minds, and Spiriting away their Hearts from their Sovereign. 1692― Josephus, Antiq. xiv. xx. (1733) 381 If he could but steal him away into Judæa, the Jews might be tamper'd to a Revolt.
Hence ˈtampered (also tampered-with), ˈtampering ppl. adjs.
1681Dryden Abs. & Achit. i. 809 The tampering world is subject to this curse, To physic their disease into a worse. 1856Mrs. Browning Aur. Leigh iv. 474 And kept her safe from tampering hands. 1869Daily News 30 Aug., You have allowed yourself to be tampered with... You appear before us as a tampered witness. 1895G. Tyrrell in Month Nov. 361 The tampered-with fragments in the Christian Fathers.
Add:7. The vb.-stem in Comb. tamper-evident a. orig. U.S., of packaging, etc.: designed to make obvious any improper interference with a product (esp. foodstuff or medicine) before sale.
1982N.Y. Times 30 Dec. d6/4 That situation could change dramatically if manufacturers of health and beauty items, and the huge food and beverage industry, decide to leap onto the *tamper-evident packaging bandwagon. 1989Group Profile, Hillsdown Holdings plc 15 Recent product developments have included..‘tamper-evident’ packaging on Chivers, Hartley's and Rose's preserves.
tamper-resistant a. orig. U.S., resistant to being tampered with; (esp. of packaging) designed to make improper interference difficult or impossible. See also tamperproof a.
1978Washington Post 10 Mar. b11/1 Federal traffic safety chief Joan Claybrook announced plans to require auto makers to place *tamper-resistant odometers in their new cars beginning in 1980. 1982N.Y. Times 6 Oct. a1/2 Government and drug industry spokesmen announced today that they would work together to develop Federal regulations requiring tamper-resistant packaging for all drugs sold without prescriptions. 1989Life Fall (Special Issue) 64/1 Seven died from cyanide-laced Tylenol; packaging grew more tamper-resistant.
▪ II. † ˈtamper, v.2 Obs. rare.
[Known only in Ph. Holland; ? suggested by L. temperāre.]
intr. To beat lightly, to tap; to continue tapping, to tabor.
1606Holland Sueton. Annot. 15 The maner of these priestes..was to beat the Taber or tamper upon the Timbril, which is expressed here in these words, Orbem digito temperat. Ibid. 29 It will sound like a taber or drum, if one tamper upon it.
▪ III. ˈtamper, n.
[f. tamp v. + -er1.]
1. One who tamps a boring, etc.; also, a tamping-bar; an instrument or machine used for tamping.
1864Webster, Tamper, 1. One who tamps, or prepares for blasting... 2. An instrument used in tamping; a tamping-iron. 1954Highway Engin. Terms (B.S.I.) 49 Tamper, a wooden or metal template, beam or frame used for compacting road materials and for shaping the surface. It is manipulated by hand and may or may not carry mechanical means for tamping or vibrating. 1956Railway Mag. May 344/2 It is a four-wheel caravan, painted yellow, providing living accommodation for the two men who operate the Matisa ballast tamper. 1967Boston Sunday Globe 23 Apr. b63/1 You will also need..a tamper that you can make by nailing handles to a short section of a log. 1976Jrnl. (Newcastle) 26 Nov. (Advt.), Welding equipment, bench drill, bench grinder, wacker tampers, traffic light set.
2. A casing around an atomic bomb which increases its efficiency and decreases the critical mass required for an explosion.
1945H. D. Smyth Gen. Acct. Devel. Atomic Energy Mil. Purposes xii. 126 While the effect of a tamper is to increase the efficiency both by reflecting neutrons and by delaying the expansion of the bomb, the effect on the efficiency is not as great as on the critical mass. 1961New Scientist 26 Oct. 231/1 A tamper, a heavy casing whose inertia resists dispersion in the early stages. 1977N. Freeling Gadget ii. 75 If the criticality isn't right then your whole exercise in cores and tampers..stays the way it is. |