| 释义 |
emulation|ɛmjuːˈleɪʃən|
Also 7 æm-.
[ad. L. æmulātiōn-em, n. of action f. æmulā-ri.]
1. The endeavour to equal or surpass others in any achievement or quality; also, the desire or ambition to equal or excel.
In early use the word is perh. more freq. applied to the mental emotion; in mod. use the notion of active effort is always in some degree present.
1552Huloet, Emulation, zelus. 1555Eden Decades W. Ind. (Arb.) 59 To prouoke & encorage other forwarde natures to themulation of their vertues. 1612Brinsley Lud. Lit. v. (1627) 48 Provoking emulation of the Schollers. 1622B. Jonson Pref. Verses in Mabbe tr. Aleman's Guzman D'Alf., This Faire æmulation, & no envy is. 1674Boyle Theol. comp. w. Nat. Philos. 197 Imitation or Emulation oftentimes makes many others addict themselves to it [a branch of study]. c1790Burke Sp. Short. Parl. Wks. X. 85 The spirit of emulation has also been extremely increased. 1828D'Israeli Chas. I, II. xi. 274 Their emulation..terminated in personal antipathy. 1882Hinsdale Garfield & Educ. i. 36 He was always generous in his emulations.
†2. Ambitious rivalry for power or honours; contention or ill-will between rivals. Obs.
1588in Harl. Misc. (1809) II. 97 The dissension and emulation that I have seen..between private captains for vain⁓glory. 1594Shakes. Rich. III, ii. iii. 25 Emulation, who shall now be neerest, Will touch vs all too neere. 1612T. Taylor Comm. Titus i. 6 (1619) 105 What heart-greife was it to Iacob to see such daily emulation betweene Leah and Rahel? 1646Buck Rich. III, i. 13 Iulius Cæsar, was..a great Captaine, although his Emulation cost an infinite quantitie of..humane blood. 1651Reliq. Wotton (1685) 608 A great emulation fallen between the Queens Agent, and the Polish Orator there.
†3. Grudge against the superiority of others; dislike, or tendency to disparagement, of those who are superior. Obs.
1561Eden Arte Nauig. Pref., This enuy of emulation proceadeth of some singuler vertue of them that are so maliced. 1596Drayton Leg. iii. 323 For Emulation ever did attend Upon the Great. 1605Bacon Adv. Learn. i. vii. §6 Constantine the Great, in Emulation was woont to call him Parietaria, Wall Flower. 1606Shakes. Tr. & Cr. i. iii. 134 Pale and bloodlesse Emulation. 1695Bp. Patrick Comm. Gen. 492 Zilpah's Sons..were thought to have less emulation to him, than the Sons of Leah. 1771Smollett Humph. Cl. (1815) 127, I am afraid we sometimes palliate this vice [envy], under the specious name of emulation.
¶4. As rendering of æmulatio (Vulg.), ‘jealousy’ (ascribed to God). rare—1.
1609Bible (Douay) Ps. lxxvii. 58 In their gravens they provoked him to emulation.
5. Computing. The technique by which a computer is enabled, by means of special hardware or software, to execute programs written for a different type of computer.
1965Communications Assoc. Computing Machinery VIII. 753 (heading) Emulation of large systems. Ibid., Emulation is the name given to the technique introduced in the IBM System/360 machine series for aiding in the conversion problem. 1970A. Cameron et al. Computers & O.E. Concordances 25 You can also run programs that existed on a 1401 on a 360 through something called emulation..as opposed to paying a programmer..the cost of reprogramming. 1984Your Computer Feb. 14/2 The VT200 terminals have full VT100 emulation capabilities, to enable customers to add VT200s to systems currently supporting VT100 terminals. |