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▪ I. ‖ tanga1 East Ind.
(ˈtæŋgə, ‖ ˈtʌŋa)
Forms: 6– tanga; 6–7 tango, 7 tang, tanghe, 8 tange, 9 tungah, tanja, tank, tanka; 20 tamka, tangka, tenga.
[app. a. Pg. tanga, ad. ṭaṅka in various Indian vernaculars:—Skr. ṭaṅka, a weight = 4 māshās (beans), a coin; also, ṭaṅkaka, a stamped coin: see Note below.]
A name (originally of a weight) given in India, Persia, and Turkestan to various coins (or moneys of account), the value of which varied greatly at different times and places; it is still applied in certain places to a copper, in others to a silver coin. a. in Goa, and on the Malabar coast: see quots.
1598W. Phillip Linschoten xxxv. 69/1 There is also a kinde of reckoning of money which is called Tangas, not that there is any such coined, but are so named onely in telling, fiue Tangas is one Pardaw,..foure Tangas good money are as much as fiue Tangas bad money. Ibid. xcii. 161/2 Foure Tangoes. 1615–16R. Steele in Purchas Pilgrimes (1625) I. iv. xiii. 523 Their moneyes in Persia..are..of Copper, like the Tangas and Pisos of India. 1662J. Davies tr. Mandelslo's Trav. 107 Five Tanghes make a Serafin of silver, which..is set at 300. Reis, and six Tanghes make a Pardai. 1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 207 [Coins in Goa], 60 Rees make a Tango. 1700S. L. tr. Fryke's Voy. E. Ind. xii. 180 Some Chests of Tanges and Larines, (which is a certain Money of that Country). 1766Grose Voy. E. Ind. (1772) I. 283 (Y.) Throughout Malabar and Goa, they use tangas, vintins, and pardoo xeraphin. 1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Tanga, Tanja, a money of Goa on the Malabar coast, worth about 7½d. [1886Yule Hobson-Jobson 682 The name still survives at Goa as that of a copper coin equivalent to 60 reis or about 2d.]
b. in Turkestan, Persia, Tibet, etc.
1740Thompson & Hogg in Hanway Trav. (1762) I. iv. lii. 242 Their coin [at Khiva] is ducats of gold,..also tongas, a small piece of copper, of which one thousand five hundred are equal to a ducat. Ibid. 244 Their money [at Bokhara] is ducats of gold,..also a piece of copper, which they call tongas, that pass at fifty to eighty to a ducat, according to their size. 1815Malcolm Hist. Persia II. xx. 250 One tungah..a coin about the value of five pence. 1876C. Markham Narr. Mission George Bogle to Tibet xiii. 129 The following memorandum of weights used in Tibet is among Mr. Bogle's papers..5 tanks make one nega. 1889G. N. Curzon Russia in Central Asia vi. 189 At the time of my visit the silver tenga was worth about fivepence. 1892W. W. Rockhill Jrnl. 23 July (1894) iv. 253 The chief inquired if I had any Chinese silver or rupees to exchange for Lh'asa tankas. 1904Times 19 Sept. 12/6 (Tibet) The official rate of exchange is three tankas to a rupee. 1904A. T. de Mattos tr. Grenaud's Tibet viii. 301 The commonest coin within the limits of the kingdom of Lhasa is the tangka. 1924Glasgow Herald 30 June 12 Every time I rode through the city [of Bokhara] one of the Cossacks carried a purse with silver ‘tengas’ (a metal coin worth about sixpence), and distributed them to the..poor. 1970R. D. Taring Daughter of Tibet iv. 44 The tamka was then worth about ninepence. 1972G. Muller tr. Schön's World Coin Catal. Twentieth Cent. 826 Tibet..15 skarung = 1 tangka..3 tangka = 1 Indian rupee. 1974D. Norbu Red Star over Tibet i. 34, 670 silver coins called tamka. [Note. Under the Mogul sovereigns, the silver ṭaṅka was the chief silver coin, the same as the silver dinar or later rupee; mention is also made in 14th c. of a ṭaṅka or dinar of gold, worth 10 silver dinars. About 1500 there were black or copper ṭaṅkas, of which 20 went to the old silver ṭaṅka. In the end of the 16th century, the tanga was a money of account, and afterwards a copper coin, at Goa, where it is still in use: see quot. 1886. The name also survives, in derived forms, in most of the Indian vernaculars, as that of a copper coin, and in Urdū, in its Sanskrit form and sense, as that of a weight. The identity of the Turkī tanga, tonga with the Sanskrit word has been disputed, and the word attributed to a Chagatai Turkī origin.] ▪ II. tanga2|ˈtæŋgə|
[a. Pg., ad. Quimbundo ntanga loincloth.]
a. (See quot. 1960): the garment is also worn by men.
b. A bikini made of triangles of material joined by thin ties; spec. the lower half of this. Cf. string n. 6 c.
1912T. A. Joyce S. Amer. Archeol. xii. 265 The so-called tangas.., triangular in shape, and convex in section,..are found in the burial-urns of women... It has been suggested that they are the ‘translations’ into pottery of the small triangular leaf coverings worn by many of the women of primitive Brazilian tribes in historical times. 1921Museum Jrnl. (Univ. of Pennsylvania) Sept. 146 Nothing whatever was found on the inside of the burial urns except the so-called ‘tangas’ or fig leaves supposed to have been worn by the women... The tangas were always well made, hard burned, highly polished, and either in bright red monochrome or painted designs. 1948B. Meggars in J. H. Steward Handbk. S. Amer. Indians III. 157 Tangas, which are found in abundance, are thought to have been worn by the women as a pubic covering. 1948A. Métraux in Ibid. 670 Women..wore a short apronlike (tanga) cotton fringe..or a cotton skirt. 1960C. Winick Dict. Anthropol. 525/1 Tanga, a pubic covering worn by Indian women, especially in tropical South America and the West Indies. The most common form of tanga today is a beaded apron. Others consist of a small triangle of inner bark. 1975Times 5 June 12/1 Nylon jersey tanga (or string). 1976R. Condon Whisper of Axe i. x. 60 She had the sort of body that should not..wear anything but a tanga, that wonderful Brazilian string bikini.
▪ III. tanga
var. of tonga, an Indian cart. |