| 释义 |
endocrine, a. and n. Physiol.|ˈɛndəʊkraɪn, -ɪn|
Also -crin.
[f. Gr. ἔνδον endo- + κρίνειν to separate. Cf. It. glandole endocrine (N. Pende, 1909), endocrinico (ibid.), F. glandes endocrines (Gottignies, 1912), Sp. glándulas endocrinas (R. Mollá, 1912).]
Denoting a gland having an internal secretion which is poured into blood or lymph; a ductless gland, as the thyroid, pituitary, and adrenal glands. As adj. also = endocrinal.
Stedman's Med. Dict., 1911, has endocrin with the erroneous def. ‘The internal secretion of a gland’.
1914E. A. Schäfer Introd. Study Endocrine Glands 5 Organs..passing such material into the blood or lymph are termed internally secreting or endocrine organs. 1914Lancet 12 Sept. 714/1 The organs of internal secretion, or endocrine glands. 1921Amer. Jrnl. Med. Sci. CLIX. 800 Thyroid and other endocrin disturbances. 1922N.Y. Med. Jrnl. CXV. 393 The diagnostic and therapeutic rôle of the endocrines. 1924R. Muir Text-bk. Pathol. 721 Several of the endocrine glands exert..a co-ordinated action on the metabolism of carbohydrates. 1925J. Laird Our Minds & Their Bodies 52 Secretions from the endocrines. 1925W. J. H. Sprott tr. Kretschmer's Physique & Char. 84 Whether the thyroid plays here a rôle as primary cause of an endocrine nature..one cannot say for certain. 1927Haldane & Huxley Anim. Biol. ix. 190 The endocrine system or sum total of the ductless glands. 1954Sci. News XXXIII. 17 In spring, the lengthening hours of light or rising temperature cause endocrine changes in many birds and fishes. 1957Encycl. Brit. X. 392/1 The mode of secretion may be toward the outside of the body (exocrine) or toward the blood and lymph vessels (endocrine).
Hence ˈendocrinal, endocrinic |-ˈkrɪnɪk|, ˈendocrinous adjs., pertaining to, of the nature of, or relating to endocrine organs; ˌendocriˈnology, the physiology or study of the endocrines; whence ˌendocriˈnologist; ˌendocrinoˈlogical a.
1913Dorland Med. Dict. (ed. 3), Endocrinology. 1914Brit. Med. Jrnl. 14 Feb. 369/1 Deficiency of endocrinic glandular secretion. 1914Lancet 4 Apr. 952/2 Influence of the Endocrinous Glands upon Uterine Hæmorrhage. 1919Nature CIV. 208/1 ‘Endocrinology’, or physiology of the internally secreting glands. 1923Glasgow Herald 10 Nov. 4 Variations in the endocrinal or regulatory system. 1930Times Lit. Suppl. 25 Dec. 1103/1 For the endocrinologist there are three papers dealing respectively with the chemical properties of the oxytocic principle of the pituitary gland, with oestrin and with a comb-growth-promoting substance obtained from testes and urine. 1949M. Mead Male & Female ii. 29 Nor do we..find what..endocrinological clues set them on these paths. 1956E. L. Mascall Christian Theol. & Nat. Sci. vi. 212 Some new discovery of the endocrinologists about the influence of our glandular secretions upon our behaviour.
▸ endocrine disrupter n. Biochem. a chemical compound or mixture of compounds that interferes with the normal functioning of the endocrine system and the physiological, developmental, and (especially) the reproductive processes regulated by it.
1992T. Colborn & C. Clement Chemically-induced Alterations in Sexual & Functional Devel. i. 1 A multidisciplinary group of experts gathered..to assess what is known about the issue... The purposes of the meeting were: 1. to integrate and evaluate findings..concerning the magnitude of the problem of *endocrine disruptors in the environment. 1993Environmental Health Perspectives 101380/2 Literally thousands of synthetic compounds, a number of which are endocrine disrupters, have been released in the environment. 2000S. Satel PC, M.D. iv. 104 The environmental levels of most of the compounds suspected of being endocrine disrupters have decreased over the last few decades as a consequence of strict regulations regarding their use and disposal. |