| 释义 |
▪ I. † enˈforce, n. Obs.
[f. next vb.: cf. afforce.]
Effort, exertion.
1375Barbour Bruce xvii. 448 Thai that var With gret enforss assalȝeand thar. 1491Caxton Vitas Patrum (W. de W. 1495) i. xlii. 68 b/2, All her enforce auaylled her not. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (1531) 13 b, We desyre..with all the enforce and myght of our hertes to be with hym. 1671Milton Samson 1220 A petty enterprise of small enforce.
▪ II. enforce, v.|ɛnˈfɔəs|
Forms: α. 4–7 enforse, (4 ? enforth, 6 enfoarce), 4– enforce. β. 4–7 inforse, (6 infors), 5– inforce.
[ad. OF. enforcier, enforcir:—late L. infortiāre, infortīre, f. in- (see in-) + fortis strong; see also en- prefix1 and force n.]
I. To put force or strength into.
†1. trans. To strengthen (a fortress) by extra works, (an army, navy, town, etc.) by extra ships, troops, etc.; to occupy in force; to reinforce. Obs.
α1340–70Alisaunder 908 Enforced were þe entres with egre men fele. c1425Wyntoun Cron. viii. xxxvii. 177 Morys of Murrawe..Ðat syne enforsyt it [þat Castelle] grettumly. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. xlvi. 63 The frenche kynge enforced his great nauy that he had on the see. 1557Paynel Barclay's Jugurth 52 He ordeyned as it were a forward enforced with a threfold subsidie, or socour. 1668Temple Lett. Ld. Arlington Wks. 1731 II. 61 To enforce the Towns of Flanders by..our Troops. 1755Edwards Wks. (1834) I. Introd. 209/2 The French were in constant expectation of being greatly enforced by a large body.
β1375Barbour Bruce iv. 65 [Thai] inforsit the castell sua. 1652Needham tr. Selden's Mare Cl. 376 Provided and inforced with men of war in divers forein Parts. 1697Dryden Virg. (1806) IV. 153 The brave Messapus shall thy troops inforce With those of Tibur.
†2. To strengthen in a moral sense; to impart resolution or fortitude to (a person); to encourage (const. to with inf.); to strengthen (a resolve, a purpose). Obs.
c1386Chaucer Pars. T. ⁋656 This vertu.. enhaunsith and enforceth the soule. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 178/3 Yet was saynt barnabe a man enforced to suffre paynes. 1534Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel (1546) O vj, By suche exaumples..the good people shoulde enforce them selues. 1626Bacon Sylva (1677) §314 To enforce the Spirits by some Mixture, that may excite and quicken them. 1685R. Berkeley in Mem. (1857) III. 275 Sir, if the entreaties of a friend can enforce the resolves of so great a philosopher.
†3. To add force to, intensify, strengthen (a feeling, desire, influence); to impart fresh vigour or energy to (an action, movement, attack, etc.). Obs.
α1375Barbour Bruce v. 355 Douglass..enforsit on thame the cry. c1400Rom. Rose 4499 Now mote my sorwe enforced be. c1450Merlin ix. 136 And so began the turnement newe to enforse for the rescewe of theire felowes. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. lxxvi. 97 The next day to enforce the assaut. 1563J. Man Musculus' Commonpl. 34 a, Enforcing up his noyse littel and littel. 1727Pope, etc., Art Sinking 76 Hang on lead to..enforce our descent. 1741Middleton Cicero (1742) III. xii. 287 He [Cicero]..used to enforce the severity of his abstinence. 1750Johnson Rambler No. 63 ⁋12 The temptations to do ill are multiplied and enforced. 1775T. Sheridan Art Reading 102 Their [the consonants'] sound should be enforced.
β1513Douglas æneis i. ii. 31 Infors thi wyndis. 1534Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) N iv, He..inforceth his appetite, to know more. 1691–8Norris Pract. Disc. IV. 374 Conviction of the Worlds Vanity..as an inner spring actuates and inforces all our outward motions. a1716South Serm. I. vi. (R.), The same authority, and evidence, that inforced the former.
†b. To give legal force to; to ratify. Obs. rare—1.
1756P. Browne Jamaica 5 His majesty..always inforces or makes void all the acts passed by them.
4. To press home (an argument, etc.); to urge (a demand, etc.); formerly, also, to lay stress upon, emphasize (a fact, circumstance).
αc1449[see enforcing vbl. n.]. 1593Shakes. Rich. II, iv. i. 90 Against Aumerle we will enforce his Tryall. 1600Holland Livy v. iv. 181 Much against my stomacke, O Quirites, enforce I this point. 1635Naunton Fragm. Reg. (Arb.) 43 The Warrant for his execution [being] tendered, and somewhat enforced, she [the Queen] refused to sign it. a1674Clarendon Hist. Reb. (J.), Enforcing the ill consequence of his refusal to take the office. 1711Shaftesbury Charac. II. 68 Where infinite rewards are thus inforc'd..natural motives to goodness are apt to be neglected. 1751Johnson Rambler No. 87 ⁋14 The preacher..enforcing a precept of religion. 1832H. Martineau Ireland ii. 33 In order to enforce what he had said. 1870Anderson Missions Amer. Bd. II. ix. 74 Hoapile enforced his claim by an argument from a reciprocity of rights and duties. 1878Browning La Saisiaz 76 Failed ye to enforce the maxim.
β1586A. Day Eng. Secretary ii. (1625) 92 How much every degree is still inforced one above another. 1605B. Jonson Volpone i. iv, To inforce..Your cares, your watchings, and your many prayers. 1628T. Spencer Logick 308 The presence of that doth inforce the absence of the rest. 1750Johnson Rambler No. 24 ⁋5 This monition might very properly be inforced. 1775Adair Amer. Ind. 61 To inforce their musical speech.
†b. With obj. clause, or accus. and inf.: To assert, argue forcibly. Obs.
1579J. Knewstub Confut. 5 Upon order taken for procuring things to be done, H.N. will necessarily enforce that the same are done. 1613Life Will. Conq. in Select. fr. Harl. Misc. (1793) 8 He inforced it to be a good title.
†5. To exert (one's strength). Obs.
1490Caxton Eneydos (1889) 18 By grete myghte and bodyli strengthe enforced his puyssaunce for to arache and plucke vp the same tree.
†b. refl. To exert oneself, strive. Const. to with inf. Also to with n.: To strive after, rush into. Obs.
αc1340Cursor M. 18089 Enforseþ ȝou wiþ myȝte & meyn Stalworþely to stonde aȝeyn. c1386Chaucer Melib. ⁋209 Suche as enforcen hem rathere to prayse youre persone by flaterie. a1450Knt. de la Tour (1868) 61 Eve..enforced her to excuse her of her misdede and synne. 1526Tindale Rom. xv. 20 So have I enforsed my selfe to preache the gospell. 1533Bellenden Livy iii. (1822) 213 He enforcit himself to batall. 1535Fisher Wks. 381 Such soules also as..enforce them selues to a great loue. 1557North Gueuara's Diall Pr. Prol. A 1 α, We may enforce our selfes to worke amendes. 1693W. Robertson Phraseol. Gen. 535 To enforce, or strain himself earnestly, conari.
βc1460Fortescue Abs. & Lim. Mon. (1714) 60 [Man] inforsith hymself to be alway gretter and gretter. 1513Douglas æneis x. vii. 177 Pallas..Inforcis hym to greif hys fays that tyde. 1541Elyot Image Gov. 43 He..inforceth him selfe to brenne the houses. 1633Bp. Hall Hard Texts, N.T. 85 Inforce yourselves to use all diligent..indeavours.
†6. intr. for refl. To strive, attempt, physically or mentally. Of a ship: To make way. Obs.
αc1340Hampole Prose Tr. 2 It enforthis for to halde besyly in it the swetteste name of Ihesu. c1374Chaucer Boeth. ii. i. 30 She vseþ ful flatryng familarite wiþ hem þat she enforceþ to bygyle. 1382Wyclif 1 Kings xix. 10 Saul enforside to fitche to gidre with a spere Dauid in the wal. ― Acts xxv. 15 The schipp was rauyschid, and myȝte not enforse into the wynd. 1490Caxton How to Die 4 The deuylle enforseth to brynge to him sorowe vpon sorow. 1557N.T. (Genev.) 1 Thess. ii. 17 We enforsed the more to se your face. 1595Spenser Col. Clout 482 Thrise happie Mayd, Whom thou doest so enforce to deifie.
β1513Douglas æneis v. i. 37 Nor we may nocht strife, nor enforce [ed. 1557 inforce] sa fast Agane the storme. 1581Marbeck Bk. of Notes 377 False Prophets..inforce to quench the true vnderstanding of the lawe.
II. To bring force to bear upon.
†7. trans. To drive by force:
a. by physical force, as a stone from a sling, a person from a place. Also, to enforce open, and simply.
c1325E.E. Allit. P. B. 938 And enforsed alle fawre forth at þe ȝatez. 1555Fardle Facions i. vi. 94 There come into that coaste, infinite swarmes of Gnattes, without any drifte of winde to enforce them. 1596Harington Metam. Ajax (1814) 109 The very nature of fire helpeth to enforce [air] upward. 1599Shakes. Hen. V, iv. vii. 65 As swift as stones Enforced from the old Assyrian slings. 1600Hakluyt Voy. (1810) III. 189 If we be inforced by contrary windes. 1627Speed England xxi. §8 Yet hath she [Lincoln] not escaped the calamitie of sword, as in the time of the Saxons; whence Arthur enforced their Host. 1644Quarles Barnabas & B. (1851) 194 Nor can my stronger groans enforce the portals open. 1649Selden Laws Eng. ii. xii. (1739) 67 Those that would reduce him, he enforces into foreign Countries.
b. by mental or moral force: To drive a person to or from a belief, sentiment, or course of action.
1542Henry VIII Declar. Scots 192 Beying novve enforced to the warre. 1591Drayton Noah in Farr S.P. Jas. I (1848) 119 From remorce In his own nature you doe him inforce. 1635Austin Medit. 101 To this observance [fasting]..Nature should inforce us. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. i. i. 1 It..hath enforced them unto strange conceptions. 1664Dryden Rival Ladies ii. i. (1725) 209, I am inforc'd to trust you with my most near Concerns.
†8. To use force upon; to press hard upon. Also fig. to press hard upon, urge, with arguments, taunts, entreaties, etc. Obs.
138.Wyclif Wks. (1880) 378 [Naaman] enforsid hym þat he schuld haue take þo giftis. c1400Rom. Rose 6409 Thou shalt not streyne me a dele, Ne enforce me. 1494Fabyan vii. ccxlv. 288 Eyther prynce enforsed so straytly that other, that eyther of theym were vnhorsed. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 176 If you thinke not this..truth, I will not enforce you. 1601Shakes. Jul. C. iv. iii. 112 The Flint..much inforced, shewes a hastie Sparke. 1605Camden Rem. 212 He besieged Orleans, and had so enforced it, that the Inhabitants were willing..to yeelde themselves. a1618Raleigh Rem. (1644) 36 It is not the part of a just Civil Prince..to enforce such a Countrey. 1662Fuller Worthies (1840) III. 279 He enforced him no further.
b. intr. in same sense: to enforce upon. Obs.
1561T. Norton Calvin's Inst. i. To Rdr., How much more the sickenesse enforced vpon me, so much lesse I spared myselfe. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 98 The French men..so enforced upon them, that they..tooke the sayde Arthur prisoner. 1586J. Hooker Girald. Irel. in Holinshed II. 16/1 They still pressing & inforcing vpon him.
†9. To overcome by violence; to take (a town) by storm; to force, ravish (a woman); also fig.
αc1386Chaucer Pars. T. ⁋900 If the womman maugré hir heed hath ben enforced or noon. 1483Caxton G. de la Tour E vj b, He..enforced their wyues. 1579Fenton Guicciard. 165 They enforced it in two dayes, and likewise the Castle, making slaughter of all the footmen that were withdrawne thither. 1594T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. ii. 423 Howsoeuer they labour to enforce (as it were) their conscience. 1631Chapman Cæsar & Pompey Plays 1873 III. 172 The great authority of Rome Would faine enforce me by their mere suspitions.
β1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 250 A, Inforce theyr wyues and their children. 1577Test. 12 Patriarchs 52 Ye shall..inforce maidens in Jerusalem.
10. To compel, constrain, oblige. Said of both persons and circumstances. Const. to with inf. arch.
α1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. xii. 12 They were xi days in the shyppe, and enforced it to saile as moche as they myghte. 1553Eden Treat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 13 [They] were at the length, enforsed to departe. 1573Tusser Husb. (1878) 5 My seruing you..Enforced this to come to pas. 1632Lithgow Trav. iii. (1682) 107 Accompanied with two Goddesses; the one was (Eloquence) to perswade them, and the other was (Violence) to enforce them. 1649Selden Laws Eng. ii. ii. (1739) 15 The Parliament was sometimes enforced to adjourn it self for want of number sufficient. 1733Neal Hist. Purit. II. 387 [He] had been..enforced to enter into a bond of a thousand pounds. 1801Southey Thalaba v. xxxv, Only by strong and torturing spells enforced. 1837Sir F. Palgrave Merch. & Friar i. (1844) 17 You would have been enforced to compress your missive within..scanty bounds.
β1509–10Act 1 Hen. VIII, c. 12 Pream., The Parties..were inforced and constrayned to sue ther Lyverey..oute of the Handes of the seid late Kyng. 1581W. Stafford Exam. Compl. iii. (1876) 82 The husbandman was necessarily inforced..to sel his Victayles dearer. 1691Locke Money Wks. 1727 II. 33 The Bargain being made, the Law will inforce the Borrower to pay it.
III. To produce, impose, effect, by force.
†11. To produce by force, material or immaterial; to extort (tears, concessions, etc.) from a person; to force (a passage); to bring on (a quarrel, etc.) by force; to force on. Obs.
α1586Marlowe 1st Pt. Tamburl. iii. ii, With shivering spears enforcing thunder-claps. 1586A. Day Eng. Secretary i. (1625) 42 My paper burthened with this long discourse..enforceth an end. 1594Greene & Lodge Looking Glasse (1861) 131 Dare you enforce the furrows of revenge Within the brows of royal Radagon? 1598B. Jonson Ev. Man in Hum. iv. iii. (1616) 48 Why, how now, brother, who enforst this brawle? 1633T. Stafford Pac. Hib. xi. (1821) 134 The White Knight..condemned both his Sonne and people for their folly, to enforce a fight. 1812J. Henry Camp. agst. Quebec 134 The endurances we underwent..enforced many a tear.
β1531–46Elyot Governour (1883) ii. 215 Iniurie apparaunt and with powar inforced..may be with lyke powar resisted. 1583Golding Calvin on Deut. Pref. Ep. 1 The long interceassing of so great a benefite, inforced through the tyrannie of Antichrist. 1611Lanyer Salve Deus in Farr S.P. Jas. I (1848) 230 Your cries inforced mercie, grace, and loue, From Him whom greatest princes would not moue. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. i. iii. iii. (1651) 212 By the striking of a flint fire is inforced. 1636G. Sandys Paraphr. Div. Poems Ex. xv. (1648) 2 Pharaohs Chariots..Twixt walls of Seas their way inforce. 1674Playford Skill Mus. i. 54 To feign them, or at the least to inforce Notes.
†12. To force, obtrude (something) on a person.
1601Shakes. All's Well ii. i. 129, I will no more enforce mine office on you.
13. To compel by physical or moral force (the performance of an action, conformity to a rule, etc.); to impose (a course of conduct) on a person.
1649Selden Laws Eng. i. xiii. (1739) 23 This course was..inforced upon them by a Roman Constitution. 1712Berkeley Pass. Obed. §3 A supreme power of making laws, and enforcing the observation of them. 1828Scott F.M. Perth xiv, To enforce upon his fiery temper compliance with the rules of civil life. 1844H. H. Wilson Brit. India I. i. ii. 143 He declared his determination to enforce obedience to the order. 1859Kingsley Misc. (1860) II. 63 The bloated tyrant..enforced payment by scourge and thumbscrew. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 123 They are to enforce the education of their children upon unwilling parents.
14. To compel the observance of (a law); to support by force (a claim, demand, obligation).
α1603Shakes. Meas. for M. iv. iv. 25 A deflowred maid, And by an eminent body, that enforc'd The Law against it! 1732Berkeley Alciphr. iii. §13 There was neither jail nor executioner in his kingdom to enforce the laws. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) II. 131 It should be the business of the legislature..to enforce this Divine precept. 1839Thirlwall Greece V. 265 Sparta..paid no regard to the sentence, which, after the battle of Mantinea, there was none to enforce. 1841Elphinstone Hist. Ind. I. 503 They sent a body of 1000 infantry and 300 horse to enforce their demand.
β1848Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 652 This law was inforced..with a rigour at once cruel and ludicrous.
b. absol. rare.
1876Grote Eth. Fragm. ii. 39 If as an individual he is obliged to obey, as one of the public he is entitled to enforce upon other individuals. |