| 释义 |
enfranchise, v.|ɛnˈfrɑːntʃɪz, -ˈfræn-, -tʃaɪz|
Forms: 6 enfraunches(e, -ize, 7 -ise, enfranchiz, 6– enfranchize; also 6–7 infranchese, -ise, infraunchise.
[ad. OF. enfranchiss-, lengthened stem of enfranchir, f. en (see en- prefix1) + franc free: see frank a. Cf. affranchise.
By Johnson regarded as f. en-1 + franchise, a view of the derivation which has influenced the later use. The pronunciation of enfranchise, affranchise, has from 18th c. followed the same course as that of franchise: Buchanan (1766), an orthoepist of no great authority, has |-tʃaɪz| in all three words: Perry (1793) has |-tʃiːz|; Sheridan, Walker (1790) and the majority of later orthoepists, have |-tʃɪz|, but |-tʃaɪz| reappears in Knowles (1835) and in Ogilvie (1850), and is given as an alternative in many recent Dicts.]
I. To admit to personal freedom.
1. To admit to freedom, set free (a slave or serf).
1531Elyot Gov. ii. vii. (1883) II. 77 Thou in a priuate jugement were ouercommen of a poore man but late infraunchised. 1577–87Holinshed Chron. I. 123/1 He did not onelie baptise them, but also infranchised them of all bodilie seruitude and bondage. 1636G. Sandys Paraph. Div. Poems 1 Sam. ii. 1, Those who served, infranchised. 1776Adam Smith W.N. I. iii. ii. 393 A villain enfranchised..could cultivate it only by means of what the landlord advanced to him. 1876Ouida Moths (1880) III. 119 The Tsar has not enfranchised me.
fig.1548Gest Pr. Masse 127 He is both blessed and enfranchised from al travayl. 1695Tryon Dreams & Vis. iii. 37 [The] beginning of each Christians Regeneration..whereby he Infrancheses himself from the world. a1754W. Hamilton Youngest Grace (R.), Psyche, infranchis'd from all mortal pain. 1888British Weekly 24 Aug. 273/1 The soul..should become mellow and enfranchised.
†b. To set free from political subjection. Obs.
c1600Norden Spec. Brit., Cornw. (1728) 7 Vntill the Britons enfraunchized themselves by a generall reuolte. 1606Shakes. Ant. & Cl. i. i. 23 Take in that Kingdome, and Infranchise that. 1648Milton Observ. Art. Peace (1851) 556 To be infranchiz'd with full liberty equall to thir Conquerours.
2. To release from confinement; chiefly transf. or fig. (Freq. in Shakes.)
1568Grafton Chron. 93 If you finally refuse to deliuer him, I thinke verily the counsayle will enfraunches hym. 1588Shakes. Tit. A. iv. ii. 125 From that wombe where you imprisoned were He is infranchised and come to light. 1598[see enfranchised.] 1626T. H. tr. Caussin's Holy Crt. 160 Break your fetters, enfranchiz your selfe. 1878S. Cox Salv. Mundi ix. (ed. 3) 201 Liberate and enfranchise that which is good.
†b. humorously. To get (a thing) free.
1682D'Urfey Butler's Ghost 16 This..Fierce Blade from peaceful sheath he lugs; For, putting chape betwixt his Feet, He, with much ease, Enfranchis'd it.
3. To release from obligatory payments, legal liabilities, etc. to enfranchise a copyhold or leasehold estate: to convert it into freehold.
1594Carew Huarte's Exam. Wits xiii. (1596) 220 His house shalbe enfranchised in Israel from all maner tribute. 1818Cruise Digest III. 107 The lord of a manor enfranchised a copyhold..and then disputed the right of common with the copyholder he had enfranchised.
II. To admit to municipal or political privileges.
†4. To make ‘free’ of a municipality or corporation. Const. into. Also fig. Obs.
1514Act 5 Hen. VIII, c. 6 The crafte and misterye of Surgeons enfraunchesid in the Citie of London. 1602W. Fulbecke Pandects 56 If they were enfraunchised of a hundred cities. a1628F. Greville Sidney (1652) 53 This was the first prize which did enfranchise this Master Spirit into the mysteries and affairs of State. a1655Vines Lord's Supp. (1677) 170 He..must submit to the laws and rules of that Corporation he is free of, whether to be enfranchized or disfranchized.
5. To make (a city or town) ‘free’ by charter; to invest (it) with municipal rights. Now chiefly, to invest with the right of being represented in parliament.
1564Haward Eutropius vi. 53 When he cam into Siria he enfraunchised Seleucia. 1655Fuller Ch. Hist. i. iv. §2 Verolam-cestre was at this time enfranchised with many Immunities. 1844Ld. Brougham Brit. Const. xiv. (1862) 212 She added no less than sixty-two burgh members, chiefly by enfranchising petty burghs.
6. To admit to membership in a body politic or state; to admit to political privileges; † to naturalize (an alien). Now chiefly, to admit to the electoral ‘franchise’ or right of voting for members of parliament.
1683Brit. Spec. 196 He hath by his Prerogative Power to enfranchise an Alien. 1711Strype Parker an. 1595 (R.), He [Dr. Baro] being an alien, ought to have carried himself quietly and peaceably in a country where he was so humanely harboured and infranchised. 1839Thirlwall Greece II. 74 He is said to have enfranchised not only aliens..but slaves. 1884Times (weekly ed.) 26 Sept. 2/1 We want..to enfranchise those great masses of the people.
b. fig. To naturalize (foreign words; rarely, foreign plants). ? Obs.
1601Holland Pliny I. 359 Cherry-trees, Peach-trees,..are held for aliens in Italy. Howbeit, some of them now are infranchised and taken for free denizens among vs. 1668Wilkins Real Char. i. ii. §2. 8 By enfranchising strange forein words. a1748Watts (J.), These words have been enfranchised amongst us. |