| 释义 |
England|ˈɪŋglənd|
Forms: 1 Engla land, 2 Engle land, 3 Englene, Engle lond, 3–4 Engelond(e, 3 Enkelonde, 4 Engelande, Ingland, Yng(e)lond, 5 En-, Inglonde, 4– England.
[OE. Ęngla land, lit. ‘the land of the Angles’: see English, Angle3.
This word and its cognates, English, etc. are the only instances in which in mod. standard English the letter e stands in an accented syllable for |ɪ|. The change of an earlier |ɛŋ| into |ɪŋ| is strictly normal, and in all other examples the spelling has followed the pronunciation. Cf. wing, ME. wenge; string, OE. stręnge; link, OE. hlęnce.]
†1. The territory of the Angles, as distinguished from that of the Saxons. Only in OE. (rare.)
c890K. ælfred Bæda iv. xxvi. § Ðæt mynster æbbercurniᵹ ðæt is ᵹeseted on Engla lande [L. in regione Anglorum.]
2. The southern part of the island of Great Britain; usually, with the exception of Wales. Sometimes loosely used for: Great Britain. Often: The English (or British) nation or state. Old England: the ‘old country’ (as distinguished from New England).
In the writings of ælfred and the earlier parts of the O.E. Chronicle, the name Angel-cynn race of the Angles (= Bæda's gens Anglorum) is used to denote collectively the Teutonic peoples in Britain, and also the territories which they occupied. This seems to have been the only general name for the country until the Danish conquest, when it was superseded by Engla land.
[c897K. ælfred Gregory's Past. 5 Hu ða ciricean ᵹiond eall Angelcynn stodon maðma..ᵹefyldæ. a1050O.E. Chron. an. 1014 And æfre ælcne Deniscne cyng utlah of Engla lande ᵹecwædon. a1122O.E. Chron. an. 1002 Se cyng het ofslean ealle ða Deniscan men þe on Angel cynne wæron.] 1154O.E. Chron. an 1131 Swa hit næfre ær ne wæs on manne ᵹemynd ofer eall Engle land. c1205Lay. 17 Wonene heo comen Þa Englene londe ærest ahten. Ibid. 6317 Engelondes deorling. a1225Ancr. R. 82 Eresie, God beo iðoncked, ne rixleð nout in Engelond. a1250Prov. ælfred in O.E. Misc. 12 On Englene londe [a 1275 in Enkelonde] he wes kyng. a1300O.E. Misc. xviii. 1 Engle lond is eyhte hundred Myle long. a1300Cursor M. 8 Þe first conquerour of Ingland. Ibid. 24893 Quen þou cums in-til england. c1340Ibid. 24774 (Fairf.), Þen bare William þe seigniorie of Ingelonde & of normandie. 1538Starkey England i. ii. 67 Hyt be almost impossybul to..set such a commyn wele among vs here in Englond. 1605Shakes. Macb. iii. i. 31 Our bloody Cozens are bestow'd In England, and in Ireland. 1631T. Dudley Let. Mar. in Coll. New-Hampshire Hist. Soc. (1834) IV. 243 Wee were free enough in Old England, to turne our in sides outwards. 1638Essex Inst. Hist. Coll. (1862) IV. 184/1 George Ropes is to have 20 acres of Land to be Laid out for him at his retorne from old England. a1700Evelyn Diary 26 May an. 1671 (1955) III. 579 To know in what condition New-England was; which appearing to be very independent as to their reguard to old England, [etc.]. 1702Addr. fr. Lancaster in Lond. Gaz. No. 3804/5 A Princess born in Old England. 1775in Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll. (1836) 3rd Ser. V. 87 Thus stands the matters betwixt Old England and America. 1884Boston (Mass.) Jrnl. 30 Dec. 2/4 Our goods are crossing the water to keep alive old England.
b. England, home, and beauty: a phr. from a poem of c 1812 (see quot.) expressing idealistic patriotism, used allusively or ironically.
c1812J. Braham Death of Nelson 4 In honor's cause I fall at last. For England home and beauty, For England, home and beauty. 1850Dickens Dav. Copp. lii. 536 Let it be..said of me, as of a gallant and eminent naval Hero..that what I have done, I did..‘For England, home, and Beauty’. 1874M. Clarke His Natural Life i. vii. 54 ‘England, home, and beauty!’ said Vetch, with a mock-heroic air.
3. transf. A country or district peopled by men of English origin, or of a kindred race. rare.
1834Gen. P. Thompson Exerc. (1842) III. 40 [Belgium], an older England than our own. 1883W. Sikes in Harper's Mag. Feb. 342/2 The part of Pembrokeshire which for centuries has been dubbed ‘Little England beyond Wales.’ 1886Pall Mall G. 7 Dec. 1/1 A Conference of all the Englands over sea.
4. Short for the King of England, also for the inhabitants of England, or a portion of them, as in ‘Young England’, for which see young.
1595Shakes. John ii. i. 482 Speake England first, that hath bin forward first To speake vnto this Cittie. |