| 释义 |
entero-|ˈɛntərəʊ; before two unstressed syllables ɛntəˈrɒ|
(before a vowel sometimes reduced to enter-), combining form of Gr. ἔντερο-ν intestine, in many compounds of mod. formation, occurring in Biology, Pathology, etc. The most important only are here given; as enteradeˈnography Anat. [see adenography], ‘a description of the intestinal glands’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.); enteradeˈnology Anat. and Phys. [see adenology], ‘an account of the intestinal glands’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.); enteˈralgia Med. [Gr. ἄλγος pain], pain in the intestines, colic; ˌenteˈrectomy Surg. [-ectomy], removal of a portion of the intestine; ˌentero-anastoˈmosis Surg., the joining of two portions of an intestine so as to make a continuous tube; enteroˈbiasis Path. [-iasis], infection of the intestines by pinworms of the genus Enterobius; ˈenteroˌcele Surg. [Gr. κήλη tumour], a hernial tumour whose contents are intestine; hence enteroˈcelic a.; ˌenteroˈchlorophyll Chem., a form of chlorophyll present in some animals; enteroˈcoccus Bacteriol. [ad. F. enterocoque (Thiercelin 1899, in Compt. rend. Soc. Biol. V. 55)], one of several species of streptococcus found in the intestine; ˈenterocœle, -cœl Zool., (part of) a cœlom or body-cavity that is or has been in communication with the archenteron; hence enteroˈcœlic, -ous adjs.; ˌenterocoˈlitis Path., inflammation of the small intestine and colon; enteroˈcrinin, enˈterocrinin Biochem. [Gr. κρίνειν to separate: cf. endocrine], an intestinal hormone that stimulates digestion; ˌenteroˈdynia Med. [Gr. ὀδύνη pain] = enteralgia; ˌentero-enteˈrostomy Surg., an operation for forming a permanent opening between two non-continuous portions of the intestine; ˌenteroeˈpiplocele Surg. [see epiplocele], a hernia in which portions of intestine and omentum are both protruded; ˌenteroˈgastrocele Surg., a term for an abdominal hernia containing intestine; enteroˈgastrone Biochem., a humoral agent from the intestinal mucosa that retards gastric secretion and motor activity; enteˈrography, ‘a description of the intestines’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.); ˌentero-heˈpatic a. Med., relating to the intestines and liver; ˌentero-hepaˈtitis Med. and Vet., inflammation of the intestines and liver, spec. in gallinaceous birds; = black-head 5; ˌenteroˈhydrocele Surg. [see hydrocele], ‘intestinal hernia conjoined with hydrocele’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.); ˌenteroˈkinase Biochem., an enzyme found in the intestinal mucous membrane that brings about the conversion of trypsinogen to trypsin; ˈenteroˌlite, altered form of ˈenteroˌlith Path. [Gr. λίθος a stone], a stony concretion in the stomach or intestinal canal of animals, and occasionally of man; enteˈrology Anat. [+ -logy], ‘a treatise on, or the consideration of the history of, the intestines’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.); enteroˈnephric a. Zool., designating a nephridial system in which the septal nephridia open into the intestine; enteˈropathy Path. [Gr. -παθεια, f. πάθος suffering], ‘intestinal disorder or disease’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.); ˈenteroˌplasty Surg. [+ Gr. πλαστ-ής fashioner + -y], the restoration by plastic operation of a solution of continuity of the intestine; ˌenteroˈptosis Path. [Gr. πτῶσις falling], abnormally low position of the small intestines; ˌenteˈrorrhaphy Surg. [Gr. ῥαϕή suture], the sewing up of a wound in the intestines; ˈenterospasm Path., spasmodic contraction of the intestine; enteˈrostomy Surg. [Gr. στόµα mouth], the operation for making a permanent opening into the intestine; ˈenterotome [Gr. τοµίς knife], an instrument for opening the intestinal canal; enteˈrotomy Surg. [Gr. -τοµια cutting], the opening of the intestine to release its contents, as sometimes in hernia, or to remove a foreign body; ˌenterotoˈxæmia Vet., toxæmia caused by disease of the small intestine; enteroˈtoxin Med., a toxin originating in the intestine, causing food poisoning; spec. a cytotoxin; Entero-Vioform Pharm., a proprietary name for a preparation of Clioquinol formerly used for the prevention and treatment of (travellers') diarrhoea.
1830J. P. Kay in N. of England Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 1 Nov. 220 (title) Gastralgia and *enteralgia, or morbid sensibility of the stomach and bowels. 1840A. Tweedie Syst. Pract. Med. IV. 152 The treatment of enteralgia may be commenced by insuring the removal of any cause of irritation within the canal. 1897Trans. Amer. Pediatric Soc. IX. 119 These cases are common in the practice of every physician and are commonly diagnosed as ‘gastralgia’ or ‘enteralgia’.
1877L. A. Stimson tr. Ziemssen's Cycl. Pract. Med. VII. 662 In case..the volvulus cannot be withdrawn,..it has been recommended to excise it completely (*enterectomy), and then..to insert the upper end through an opening into the cæcum (Hacken), and to ligate the other: entero-anastomosis. 1908Practitioner Mar. 368 To..wait for an improvement in the patient's condition to perform an enterectomy.
1877*Entero-anastomosis [see enterectomy above]. 1908Practitioner Sept. 459 Entero-anastomosis without resection.
1930Q. Cumul. Index Medicus VII. 894/2 (title) Diagnosis and epidemiology of *enterobiasis. 1970Passmore & Robson Compan. Med. Stud. II. xix. 30 Communal living, infrequent bathing and contaminated clothing combine to produce epidemics of enterobiasis.
1661Lovell Hist. Anim. & Min. 62 Pounded with honey it [the ashes of a Hare] helps the *enterocele. 1878T. Bryant Pract. Surg. I. 646.
1736Bailey, *Enterocelick.
1883C. A. MacMunn in Proc. R. Soc. XXXV. 133 It..can be detected in the bile of specimens of Helix after a six months' fast; for this colouring-matter, since it is found in the appendages of the enteron, the name *enterochlorophyll is proposed. 1888Rolleston & Jackson Forms Anim. Life (ed. 2) 117 The secretion of the liver is acid, and has been found to have a diastatic and a peptic action in H. pomatia. It contains entero⁓chlorophyl in Helix pomatia.
1908Park & Williams Pathogenic Micro-Organisms (ed. 3) xx. 252 *Enterococcus.—Thiercelin in 1903 described the enterococcus proteiformis (Fig. 93) as occurring as a coccus. Ibid. (caption), Fig. 93 Represents the gradation of the Enterococcus (Thiercelin) from the apparent bacillary forms to the coccus without a capsule. 1925R. E. Buchanan Gen. Syst. Bacteriol. III. 301 Enterococcus, a casual name given by various writers to cocci found in the intestinal tract. 1955Sci. News Let. 19 Feb. 118/1 A member of a streptococcus germ family is now blamed for causing tooth decay. Studies showing that this strep., called an enterococcus, caused tooth decay in rats [etc.].
1877*Enterocœle [see endodermal a.]. 1950J. Z. Young Life of Vertebrates iii. 48 In earlier chordates..the cœlom is continuous with the archenteron and is said to be an enterocoele. 1951G. R. de Beer Vertebrate Zool. (ed. 2) xix. 238 In Amphioxus, the cœlomic cavities of the somites, when they arise, are in open communication with the gut, and are hence known as enterocœls.
1888Nature 2 Feb. 334/2 The ‘Schlauchförmiger Kanal’..being *entero⁓cœlic in origin. 1888Rolleston & Jackson Forms Anim. Life (ed. 2) 592 The anterior enterocoelic pouch. 1964Parker & Haswell Text-bk. Zool. (ed. 7) II. 61 The cavities in these [folds], continuous with the archenteron, are the beginnings of the enterocœlic system.
1875E. R. Lankester in Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. XV. 165 You have..in the former an ‘*entero-cœlous’ condition, to use Professor Huxley's terminology.
1857Dunglison Med. Lex. (ed. 15), *Enterocolitis. 1886Buck's Handbk. Med. Sci. II. 435/1 In entero-colitis the inflammation is mostly confined to the lower end of the ileum. 1964M. Hynes Med. Bacteriol. (ed. 8) xi. 145 It [sc. Staph. aureus]..can cause a very dangerous enterocolitis when it invades an intestine sterilized by antibiotic therapy.
1938E. S. Nasset in Amer. Jrnl. Physiol. CXXVIII. 481 The name *enterocrinin (intestinal secretagogue) is proposed for this hormone. 1957Encycl. Brit. VII. 380/2 The existence of a hormone, enterocrinin, has been demonstrated and a highly active, crystalline product has been obtained. Injection of this hormone produces an outpouring of intestinal juice.
1848Dunglison Med. Lex. (ed. 7), *Enterodynia. 1870Garrod & Baxter Mat. Med. (ed. 3) 406 Painful affections of the stomach and duodenum, as in gastrodynia, enterodynia.
1896A. E. Maylard Treat. Surg. Alim. Canal lxvi. 543 *Entero-enterostomy (short-circuiting).—This operation is performed when it is impossible to remove the diseased portion of the bowel. 1955R. Maingot Abdominal Operations (ed. 3) xxix. 655 Entero-enterostomy is then carried out proximal to these anastomoses in order to deflect the gastric contents into the distal jejunum.
1736Bailey, *Enteroepiplocele. 1878T. Bryant Pract. Surg. I. 646 When both intestine and omentum occupy the sac [they form an] entero-epiplocele.
1930Kosaka & Lim in Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. XXVII. 891 An inhibitory agent may be formed in the mucosa of both the small and large intestine as the result of contact with fat... The name *Entero-gastrone (derived from entero/n, gastr/on and chal/one) is suggested for the gastric inhibitory agent. 1937Amer. Jrnl. Physiol. CXVIII. 475 A method is described for the preparation of an extract (entero⁓gastrone) from the duodenal mucosa of hogs, which exhibits an inhibitory action on gastric mobility and secretion.
1961Lancet 19 Aug. 395/2 The absorption of large amounts of urobilinogen from the gut into the *entero-hepatic circulation which were then re-excreted by the liver.
1895U.S. Dept. Agric. Bull. viii. 7 (heading) An infectious disease among turkeys caused by protozoa (infectious *entero-hepatitis). 1900Dorland Med. Dict. 233/2 Enterohepatitis, inflammation of the bowel and liver. 1906[see black-head 5]. 1959Times 7 Dec. (Agric. Suppl.) p. vii/4 Blackhead disease (enterohepatitis).
1902W. H. Thompson tr. Pawlow's Work of Digestive Glands ix. 160 We had, therefore, discovered a ferment, not for this or that constituent of the food, but a ferment of other ferments. I propose to give it the name of *Enterokinase. 1907Enterokinase [see trypsin]. 1923T. R. Parsons Fund. Bio-Chem. iii. 32 This enterokinase is an example of the group of substances termed ‘kinases’, which have the power of activating the mother substances or precursors of enzymes. 1961W. J. E. Jessop Fearon's Introd. Biochem. (ed. 4) xiv. 223 In acid solution, pH5 to 6, the conversion of trypsinogen to trypsin is catalysed by the intestinal enzyme, enterokinase.
1884Syd. Soc. Lex., *Enterolith.
1721Bailey, *Enterology.
1919K. N. Bahl in Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. LXIV. i. 101 The elaborate ‘*entero⁓nephric’ type of the nephridial system in Pheretima. 1963R. P. Dales Annelids i. 33 The enteronephric system is apparently related to water conservation.
1897*Enteroptosis [see viscero-]. 1907Practitioner Dec. 771 Patients with very lax abdominal walls and marked enteroptosis. 1949H. W. Florey Antibiotics I. i. 55 One of the most ingenious uses to which yeast has been put was due to Günzburg (1896), who proposed to treat enteroptosis with it.
1807Morris & Kendrick Edin. Med. Dict., *Entero⁓raphia, the suture of a gut when wounded. 1889Buck's Handbk. Med. Sci. VIII. 299/1 The immediate restoration of the continuity of the gut by circular enterorrhaphy.
1897H. Illoway Constipation viii. 88 *Enterospasm occurs most frequently in gastric and intestinal indigestions. 1908Practitioner Aug. 219 A localised enterospasm. 1923P. L. Mummery Dis. Rectum & Colon xvii. 408 In view of..the presence of blood in the stools, it seemed probable that the enterospasm was set up by an ulcer in the colon.
1878J. Ashhurst Princ. & Pract. Surg. (ed. 2) xxxviii. 747 *Enterostomy..to provide an opening for the introduction of food into the small intestine, has been suggested by Surmay. 1948H. & J. Devine Surg. Colon & Rectum xi. 143 An enterostomy is a great affliction: the liquid faeces of the small intestine pour on to the abdominal wall, irritate and excoriate it,..and thus make the patient almost a complete invalid.
1842Dunglison Med. Lex. (ed. 3) 267/1 *Enterotome. 1882Wilder & Gage Anat. Technol. i. 70 The enterotome supplied in post-mortem cases is a pair of long scissors, one blade of which is enlarged and rounded, and projects beyond the other so as to precede it in opening an intestine. 1948H. & J. Devine Surg. Colon & Rectum xxi. 233 Should the small bowel be included in the enterotome the patient will complain of severe pain.
1878T. Bryant Pract. Surg. I. 627 Of these [means] ‘*enterotomy’ is most applicable.
1932H. W. Bennetts in Coun. Sci. & Ind. Res. Bull. LVII. 10 In order to remove confusion, the name infectious *entero-toxaemia is herewith adopted for the Western Australian disease. 1957Times 3 Sept. 15/5 Enterotoxaemia often occurs when the flock is suddenly moved to better pasture.
1936Jrnl. Infectious Dis. LVIII. 321 The ability to produce an *enterotoxin may be restored to certain food poisoning organisms which have lost this power by serial transfers on starch agar. 1964M. Hynes Med. Bacteriol. (ed. 8) xi. 145 Enterotoxin-producing strains are a common cause of food poisoning.
[1900Trade Marks Jrnl. 15 Aug. 856 Vioform... Basle Chemical Works,..Bâle, Switzerland.] 1957Official Gaz. (U.S. Patent Office) 7 May tm12/1 Ciba Pharmaceutical Products, Inc...*Entero-Vioform... For antidiarrheal agent. First use Apr. 1, 1955. 1958Trade Marks Jrnl. 25 June 644/2 Entero-Vioform..for use in the treatment of intestinal complaints. CIBA Limited..Basle, Switzerland. 1959L. Durrell in Sunday Times 27 Dec. 13/1 A single tube of magic Enterovioform..will enable one to throw off all grim forebodings about melons and grapes. 1965‘M. Brett’ Plague of Dragons iii. 31 ‘I expect my men to look after themselves.’ ‘In that case I'll pack enterovioform.’ 1977B. Pym Quartet in Autumn v. 41 ‘Enterovioform,’ said Letty. He smiled pityingly, ‘All those English on package tours on the Costa Brava may find it helpful, but my case is rather different.’ 1983Fortune 11 July 94/1 Japanese courts in 1978 ruled that clioquinol, a drug Ciba-Geigy introduced and sold under the name Entero-Vioform as a cure for diarrhea, caused a disease of the spinal and optic nerves called subacute myelo-optico-neuropathy (smon).
Add: enterotoxiˈgenic a. Med., (of bacteria) producing enterotoxin.
1948J. E. Blair in R. J. Dubos Bacterial & Mycotic Infections of Man xiii. 330/1 Enterotoxigenic strains are widely distributed. 1985Brit. Med. Jrnl. 1 June 1615/2 Among children..who visited the health complex Dhaka rotavirus and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli accounted for 30{pcnt} and 21{pcnt} of cases. |