| 释义 |
▪ I. administer, v.|ædˈmɪnɪstə(r)|
Also 4 amynistre, 5 ammynyster, 5–6 admynystre, -er.
[a. OFr. aministre-r, a semi-popular adaptation of L. administrā-re, 1. to minister to (any one), 2. to manage; f. ad. to + ministrāre to serve, to minister. In 14th c. the Fr. began to be refashioned after L., as administrer, and this spelling soon became the only one in Eng.]
1. trans. To manage as a steward, to carry on, or execute (an office, affairs, etc.); to manage the affairs of (an institution, town, etc.)
c1374Chaucer Boeth. iv. (1868) 135 He [God] amynistreþ in many maneres and in dyuerse tymes by destyne, þilke same þinges þat he haþ disponed. 1413Lydg. Pylgr. Sowle iv. xxxiv. (1483) 82 The gouernement of a reame shold be admynystred and executed by suche as were of grettest bounte. 1651Hobbes Leviathan iii. xlii. 291 They that administer the secular affairs of the Church. 1756C. Lucas Ess Waters III. 242, I could never learn how, or by whom, that charity is administered. 1865Grote Plato I. xix. 564 Pericles administered Athens. 1868M. Pattison Academ. Organ. §4, 109 Each college has one or more bursars who administer the finances.
b. absol.
1866Motley Dutch Rep. iv. i. 546 Much incapacity to govern was revealed in this inordinate passion to administer.
2. Law. To manage and dispose of the goods and estate of a deceased person, either under a will, or by official appointment under Letters of Administration.
c1430Polit. Rel. & Love Poems 29 Peyse wisely the besynes and the purpose of them wich ammynyster thy goodes. 1809Tomlins Law Dict. s.v. Executor, The Ordinary shall depute the nearest and most lawful friends of the deceased to administer his goods.
b. absol. To act officially as an executor or administrator.
1602W. Fulbecke First Pt. Parallele 44 Hee shall not haue an action of debt against the executour of his coexecutour, although the partie indebted did not administer in his life⁓time. 1714[Arbuthnot & Pope] M. Scriblerus (J.) Neal's order was never performed, because the executors durst not administer. 1870Pinkerton Guide to Administr. 9 When a stranger is about to administer, a renunciation should be obtained in writing from those who are by law entitled.
3. trans. To execute or dispense (justice).
1509Fisher Wks. 1876, 297 And admynystre ryght and Iustyce to euery party. 1876Freeman Norm. Conq. II. viii. 286 The citizens disliked the rule of William on account of the strict justice which he administered.
4. trans. To execute or perform (offices of religion); to dispense (a sacrament). A rare obs. const. is (of a person) to be administered: to receive the sacrament.
1495Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de Worde) i. xlii. 70 a b, I neuer receyued hym syth I was admynystred in the chyrche of saynt Johan. 1585Abp. Sandys Serm. (1841) 252 We in our churches have both the gospel preached, and the sacraments..administered. 1611Bible 2 Cor. viii. 19 This grace which is administred by vs. 1735Wesley Wks. 1872 I. 17 I..administered the Lord's Supper to six or seven communicants. 1855Prescott Philip II, i. ix. (1857) 175 It was thought proper to administer extreme unction to him.
b. absol.
1590Greenwood in Conferences iii. 57 By the Bishops calling, you administer, and by none other. 1634J. Canne Necess. Separ. (1849) 33 A true vocation and calling by..ordination of that faithful people where he is to administer.
5. To tender (an oath to any one).
1593Shakes. Rich. II, i. iii. 182 Sweare by the duty that you owe to heauen..To keepe the Oath that we administer. 1751Jortin Serm. (1771) IV. i. 4 To administer an oath to a man. 1802M. Edgeworth Mor. Tales (1816) I. 223 The oath, which has just been administered to you.
6. To apply or perform (any branch of the healing art). Obs. exc. as, To give (medicine to).
1541R. Copland Galyen's Terap. 2 C i, They that by reason & Methode admynyster the arte of medycyne do cure y⊇ vlceres. 1667Phil. Trans. II. 537 The Physitians administring this operation. 1743tr. Heister's Surg. 277 His Attendants should stand ready to administer the Dressings. 1747in Col. Rec. Penn. V. 136, I administer'd the Medicines to Shikalimy. 1804Abernethy Surg. Observ. 109 If a surgeon..administers mercury in one of the diseases.
b. absol.
1845Ford Handbk. Spain i. 47 The patient however must administer to himself.
7. Hence fig. To dispense, furnish, supply, or give (anything beneficial, or assumed to be beneficial, to the recipient; extended humorously to a rebuke, a blow, etc.) Const. to.
1489Caxton Fayt of Armes iii. xxi. 219 Euery noble man shulde peyne him self after hys powere to administre unto him helthe of witte and aduyse. 1628Digby Voy. Medit. 56 A place that administred meanes of such debauchednesse. 1713Steele Englishm. No. 38, 243 The Joy which this Temper of Soul administers. 1789–96J. Morse Amer. Geog. I. 296 These annual orations administered fuel to the fire of liberty. 1852Thackeray Esmond iii. vii. (1876) 377 She kept him by her side to nurse the baby and administer posset to the Gossips. 1865Morn. Star 31 Mar., By invading the North he might administer his old antagonists another severe blow.
b. intr. (obj. omitted.) To contribute beneficially, to minister to.
1712Spectator No. 477, ⁋1 A Fountain..administers to the Pleasure, as well as the Plenty of the Place. 1779J. Moore View of Society xiv. (1789) I. 99 Who are supposed to administer to the King's pleasures. 1872R. Anderson Missions Am. Board III. xi. 164 He was soon able to administer to the comfort of his associates.
▪ II. † adˈminister, n. Obs.
[a. L. administer an attendant, f. ad to + minister a servant.]
One who administers or ministers to others; a minister or administrator.
1506Ordin. Crysten Men (W. de Worde) iv. xxi. 248 To make admynysters unto the poore. 1586T. Rogers 39 Art. (1607) 234 The public ministers of the word are to be the administers of the Sacraments. 1650Howell Lett. II. 4 They serve the dead and living; they becom Attorneys and administers. 1677Gale Crt. of Gentiles II. iii. 172 These Apuleius cals Administers and Salvation-bringers. |