| 释义 |
▪ I. entire, a., adv. and n.|ɛnˈtaɪə(r)|
Forms: α. 4–6 enter(e, 5–6 entier(e, -tyer(e, (4 entre, 4–7 enteer(e), 7 entyre, 6– entire. β. 4 intier, 5–6 intere, 5–7 intyre, 6 Sc. inteir, 6–9 intire.
[a. OF. entier, entir = Pr. entier, entieyr, Cat. enter, Sp. entero, It. intero, Pg. inteiro:—L. inˈtegr-um, f. in not + *tag- root of tangĕre to touch.
The L. integer was used in the lit. senses ‘whole, unbroken, sound’, and in the fig. of ‘untainted, upright’; these senses remained in early French and consequently in Middle English, but with very few exceptions only the lit. senses have survived to the present time.]
A. adj.
I.
1. Whole; with no part excepted.
a1400Symbols Passion 229 in Leg. Rood 196 To sen it a twelf-moneth ich day enter. a1400–50Alexander 1261 To tell þair torfer in tere it wald tary me to lang. 1494Fabyan 5 Of bothe landes the Cronycles entyere. a1535More On the Passion Wks. 1337. 2 The very real thinges that is conteyned vnder both those fourmes, is one entiere bodye. 1618Sir H. Carey in Fortesc. Papers 56, I have yourself to be my noble wittness for my intyre proceedeing. 1667Milton P.L. xii. 264 The Sun shall in mid Heav'n stand still A day entire. 1747Wesley Prim. Physic (1762) 111 The entire Creation was at Peace with Man. 1816Kirby & Sp. Entomol. (1828) II. xviii. 107 Destroys an intire colony, of which she would be the founder. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. §7. 48 Sufficiently strong to bear the entire weight of the body.
2. a. Complete; constituting a whole; including all the essential parts. † In early use also, perfect, containing all that is desirable.
c1430Lydg. Bochas i. i. (1544) 1 b, Paradyse, a place most entiere. 1571Digges Pantom. i. xxxv. L j b, You shall make one entier table of all, conteyning the number of myles, furlongs, etc. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 322/1 The Drill, the Drill Bow, and the Drill Plate, go all together as one entire Instrument. 1697Dryden Virg. Past. Pref. (1721) I. 93, I do not design an intire Treatise in this Preface. 1804Ann. Rev. II. 77/1 The occupier of what is called an entire farm. 1873Symonds Grk. Poets iii. 81 Phocylides says: In justice the whole of virtue exists entire.
†b. Applied about 1722 to a kind of malt liquor (similar to what is now called ‘porter’). (See quot. 1802.) Obs.; but see C. 4.
1742Lond. & Country Brew. i. (ed. 4) 25 For intire small Beer, five or six Barrels off a Quarter. 1754Connoisseur xv, A publican..ventured an hogshead of entire butt on the candidate who serves him with beer. 1771Smollett Humph. Cl. (1815) 148 Calvert's entire butt beer. 1802[J. Feltham] Picture of London 249 Porter obtained its name about the year 1730..[it had previously been] the practice to call for a pint of three threads, meaning a third of ale, beer, and twopenny... A brewer of the name of Harwood conceived the idea of making a liquor which should partake of the united flavours of [all three]..calling it entire or entire butt. 1839Bailey Festus xviii. (1848) 181 And porter and stout, entire and brown.
3. a. Of a quality, state of feeling, condition, fact, or action: Realized in its full extent, thorough, complete, total. (entire affection, friendship, etc., may sometimes occur in this sense, but chiefly belong to the obs. sense 10.)
c1400Pol. Rel. & L. Poems 256 Than schalt þou sacrifice accepte Of riȝtwisnesse & treuþe entere. 1413Lydg. Pilgr. Sowle iv. xx. (1483) 64, I had ioye entier and eke gladnesse. 1642Rogers Naaman 587 Gods cures are like himselfe, perfect, intire, and absolute. 1647Clarendon Hist. Reb. i. (1843) 5/2 That he..might..present to his majesty the entire peace and restitution of his family. 1692South Serm. (1697) I. 475 The Intire overthrow of this mighty..Host of the Midianites. 1712W. Rogers Voy. p. vi, I wish you intire Health and Happiness. 1755Young Centaur ii. Wks. 1757 IV. 141 Hell is nothing but an intire absence from Him. 1793Burke Corr. (1844) IV. 186 If you did not give entire credit to my declarations. 1836J. Gilbert Chr. Atonem. vi. (1852) 161 The statements of Scripture are in entire harmony with this representation. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 220 Granting entire liberty of conscience. 1879R. K. Douglas Confucianism iii. 80 Entire sincerity is required of them who approach the altar.
b. With agent-noun or n. descriptive of a person: That is thoroughly of the character described. † Also formerly as predicate: Thoroughly established in (an opinion, a resolve, knowledge, etc.); cf. Fr. entier ‘qui maintient entières ses idées, ses volontés’ (Littré).
1534Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) G g, All these mortall men ar so entier in their owne wylles. 1641Hinde J. Bruen lvii. 190 All such..as were most sound and entire in the Knowledge of the Truth. 1655Francion xi. 23 They did not know her to be entire in her resolutions, and that she would not forsake them for any Remonstrances. 1657Earl of Monmouth tr. Parata's Pol. Disc. 85 The Romans never laid down Arms but when they were entire Victors. Mod. He is an entire believer in Christianity.
†c. Of persons: Wholly devoted to another, perfectly beloved. In later use, of friends and friendly intercourse: Unreserved, familiar, intimate. Obs. [cf. Fr. ami entier, and equivalent in It. and Sp.]
c1420Pallad. on Husb. i. 279 Hym nil I undertake That is thi dere entere. 1430Lydg. Chron. Troy i. v, Thy doughter deare That was to the so passingly entere. 1608–11Bp. Hall Medit. & Vows ii. §38 It is best to be courteous to all; entire with few. 1611Coryat Crudities Ep. Ded., My most sincere and entire friend M. Lionel Cranfield. 1641Bp. Hall Rem. Wks. ii. (1660) 89 It troubled him an hundred times more to be cast out from this (more entire) presence. 1643Horn & Robotham Gate Lang. Unl. xciii. §909 Waiwardnesse estrangeth the entirest friends. a1718Penn Life Wks. 1726 I. 232 An entire and constant Friend.
4. a. Whole, unbroken, intact; not mutilated or decayed; undiminished in quantity or extent.
a1631Donne Paradoxes (1652) 86 [A miser's treasure profits no one;] Yet it remains intire. 1656More Antid. Ath. iii. viii. (1712) 113 His body was found entire. 1666Evelyn Diary 7 Sept., Nothing remaining intire but the inscription in the architrave. 1697Potter Antiq. Greece i. xxv. (1715) 132 Their Estates, which were all that time preserv'd entire to them. 1727A. Hamilton New Acc. E. Ind. I. x. 102 The Portugueze capitulated to leave Ormuze, with all the Fortifications intire. 1805Wordsw. Prel. iv. (1850) 101 In military garb, Though faded yet entire. 1826Kirby & Sp. Entomol. (1828) IV. xxxvii. 19 The headless animal made the same movements as when intire.
b. spec. Of male animals: Not castrated. [So in all Romanic langs.]
1799Malthus Jrnl. 13 July (1966) 146 Entire horses are in general use here. 1834–43Southey Doctor (1849) 339 What the Spaniards..call a Caballo Padre, or what some of our own writers..appellate an entire horse. 1876G. J. Whyte-Melville Katerfelto vii. 78 The animal, though an entire horse..responded lovingly and gently to his caress.
c. Of immaterial things: Unimpaired, undiminished.
1601Holland Pliny I. 136 But there continue still in their entire and as flourishing state as euer the city Hebata and Oruros. 1635A. Stafford Fem. Glory (1869) 107 The first Principles of my Religion..I will preserve entyre. 1667Milton P.L. i. 146 If he our Conquerour..Have left us this our spirit and strength intire. 1736Butler Anal. i. i. 25 Apprehension, Memory, Reason, all entire. 1853Robertson Serm. Ser. iii. xvi. 219 When Christian principles were left entire.
†d. Of a question: Intact; that has not been entered upon. Of an offence: In no degree atoned for or ‘purged’. Obs.
1598R. Grenewey Tacitus' Ann. iii. xvi. (1622) 71 Yet that the offence committed against his father, was entire. 1698Sidney Disc. Govt. i. §3 (1704) 8 So that the Question remains intire, as if he had never mention'd it.
e. Of persons: With unimpaired strength, not fatigued or worn, fresh. [So L. integer.] arch.
1590Spenser F.Q. i. vi. 44 Backe to fight againe, new breathed and entire. 1628Hobbes Thucyd. (1822) 104 Won to the war when you were entire but repenting it upon the damage. 1665Manley Grotius' Low-C. Warres 291 Six hundred intire, beside two hundred sick and wounded. 1853Robertson Serm. Ser. iii. i. (1872) 8 He is entire, powerful because he has not spent his strength.
5. a. Wholly of one piece; continuous throughout; one and undivided. Now only in scientific use.
1590Spenser F.Q. i. vii. 33 But all of Diamond perfect pure and cleene It framed was, One massie entire mould. 1604Shakes. Oth. v. ii. 144 Of one entyre and perfect Chrysolite. 1679Penn Addr. Prot. i. ix. (1692) 46 Being but one Entire Interest throughout the World. 1699W. Dampier Voy. II. i. i. 14 A turn on the Last side of the River, which is here entire: for a little before..we met the main stream where it parts into the 2 channels. 1703Maundrell Journ. Jerus., Euphrates, &c. (1732) 4 Intire blocks of wood. 1726Leoni Alberti's Archit. I. 42 a, All Stone should be entire..you may know whether it is entire or crack'd. 1786tr. Beckford's Vathek (1868) 28 The chasm closed, and the ground became as entire as the rest of the plain. 1817W. Selwyn Law Nisi Prius II. 860 If a man be imprisoned..on the 1st day of January, and kept in prison till the 1st day of February..the whole is one entire trespass. 1834McMurtrie Cuvier's Anim. Kingd. 200 The first dorsal entire; while on the contrary the last rays of the second, as well as those of the anal which correspond to them, are detached. 1880Gray Struct. Bot. vi. §5. 245 The calyx or corolla when gamophyllous..is said to be..entire, when the union is complete to the summit or border.
b. Of troops: Forming an unbroken body. Now only in techn. phrase rank entire.
1568Grafton Chron. II. 505 The Duke of Bedford..made likewise an entier battayle. 1691Proc. agst. French in Select. Harl. Misc. (1793) 476 They marched intire through the body of the country. 1833Regul. Instr. Cavalry i. 126 The Squads should..be formed rank entire. 1879A. Forbes in Daily News 13 June 5/6 That the true tactic is to work in rank entire.
c. In scientific use: Having an unbroken outline, without notches or indentations. Said, e.g. of leaves, shells, certain parts of animal bodies.
1757Miller in Phil. Trans. L. 435 The leaves are intire, and come to a point at their base. 1817Coleridge Biog. Lit. (1847) II. 209 The gable ends..towards the street, some in the ordinary triangular form and entire as the botanists say. 1828Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. II. 180 Last segment of the abdomen entire or notched. 1835Lindley Introd. Bot. (1848) I. 261 The entire blade of the Box tree. 1866Tate Brit. Mollusks iii. 45 The aperture is entire that is not notched or produced into a canal.
d. Her. Of a bearing, e.g. a cross: attached to the sides of the shield.
1688[see fixed ppl. a. 1 b]. 1825W. Berry Encycl. Her. I. Bb 2/1 Entire, or Through out, sometimes called fixed and firm, being attached to the sides of the shield, as a cross pattée entire. 1889[see firme a.]. 1969Franklyn & Tanner Encycl. Dict. Heraldry 96/1 Cross-crosslet..when extended to the limits of the field..is not..‘anchored’..but is cross-crosslet ‘entire’.
6.
†a. Wholly of one kind, homogeneous; free from alien admixture. Obs.
1622–62Heylin Cosmogr. iii. (1673) 41/2 And yet those Maronites though intire without intermixture are held, etc. 1640Quarles Enchirid. iv. xcvii, It is..a plaine suit of one entyre cloth. 1648Petit. Eastern Assoc. 14 Were both the Houses..so intire from Opinionists..as we could wish. 1683Brit. Spec. 39 The old Language of the Britains who have been..curious to preserve it entire without any mixture. 1683Salmon Doron Med. iii. 671 It preserves it safe and intire from filth. 1699W. Dampier Voy. II. i. viii. 157 It was brackish: for though the fresh water is born up by the Salt, and it might be intire without mixture, yet, etc.
b. Of qualities, feelings, etc.: Pure, unmixed. Cf. 3.
1597Shakes. 2 Hen. IV, ii. iv. 352 See now whether pure Feare, and entire Cowardise, doth not make thee wrong this vertuous Gentlewoman, to close with vs? 1667Milton P.L. iii. 265 Wrauth shall be no more Thenceforth, but in thy presence Joy entire.
7. a. Wholly reserved; unshared. entire tenancy (Law): see quot.
1641Termes de la Ley 137 Entire Tenancie is that which is contrary to severall Tenancie, and signifieth a sole possession in one man. 1707Hearne Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. 339 Mr. Foulkes keeping it intire to himself. Mod. He has the entire control of that department. I will take the entire responsibility of this step.
b. entire to itself: secluded, kept apart, private.
a1618Raleigh Rem. (1644) 10 That Aristocracy be not too magnificent nor intire to it self, but communicate with the people some commodities of State or Government. 1649Milton Eikon. xxviii, Those few mortifying hours that should have been entirest to themselves.
II. In ethical sense.
†8. Of reputations or persons: Free from reproach, unblemished, blameless. Obs.
1577Holinshed Chron. II. 193 Richard Grafton was a right reverend man whiles he lived and of entier name also being dead. 1667Milton P.L. ix. 292 Daughter of God and Man, immortal Eve, For such thou art, from sin and blame entire. 1678R. Barclay Apol. Quakers x. §16. 304 The Bishops and Apostles..should be men of most intire manners and Life. 1779J. Moore View Soc. Fr. (1789) I. i. 5 He who has the vigour to disentangle himself from the snares of deep play..with his character entire may be esteemed a fortunate man.
†9. Of persons and their actions: Characterized by integrity; incorruptible, honest, upright. Obs.
c1430Lydg. Bochas iii. v. (1554) 77 b There was a prince, full notable and entere Called Otanes. c1500Doctr. Gd. Servaunts in Poet. Tracts (Percy) 3 Be of thy mynde peasyble and entere. 1647Clarendon Hist. Reb. (1702) I. v. 516 Some very honest and intire Men stayed still there. Ibid. II. vi. 54 From whom he could expect no entire, and upright dealing. 1707Hearne Collect. 30 May (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) II. 17 John Urry of Xt Church, an intire Man.
†10. Of feelings, the heart, etc.: Unfeigned, sincere, genuine, earnest. Obs.
The examples of this sense are often not easily to be distinguished from those of the still current sense 3, to which expressions like entire affection, etc., if used at all, would now belong.
c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 106 Treuly assoiled of god for his entre sorwe of synne. c1430Syr. Gener. (Roxb.) 7365 He hem met with hert entier. 1509Fisher Fun. Serm. C'tess. Richmond Wks. 302 But we shall with moost entyer mindes beseche hym. 1535― Wks. 382 Draw nygh vnto hym with entiere deuotion. 1556Lauder Tractate 528 With hert Inteir I wald beseik your Maiesteis. 1596Shakes. Tam. Shr. iv. ii. 23 Your entire affection to Bianca. 1650T. Hubbert Pill Formality 193 That love, and intire affection that you bear to their poor souls. a1716Bp. O. Blackall Wks. (1723) I. 112 The strictest Friendships, the most intire Love, and the firmest Peace.
†11. The notion ‘intimate’ developed in sense 3 b seems to have suggested an association of entire with interior. Hence perh. Spenser's parts entire = ‘inward parts’.
[1483Cath. Angl., Entyrly, intime. 15..Cooper Lat. Dict., Intime, entirely.] 1590Spenser F.Q. iv. viii. st. 48 Casting flakes of lustful fire..into their hearts and parts entire.
†B. adv.
a. Wholly, completely.
b. Heartily, sincerely, unfeignedly. Obs.
a.a1400Chester Pl. (1843) I. 193 Seith fourtie daies are gone intier. [Cf. 1707 in A. 7.]
b.c1430Syr. Gener. (Roxb.) 7609 He that me loued most entier. c1430Lydg. Smyth & his Dame 467 in Hazl. E.P.P. III. 218 She..thanked God intere.
C. n.
1. The whole; the assemblage of all the parts; the full extent (of anything). In recent use somewhat rare.
1597Bacon Coulers Good & Evill v. (Arb.) 145 It is not safe to deuide, but to extoll the entire still in generall. 1609Tourneur Fun. Poem 375 The parts: the entire; and every circumstance That was contingent. 1804Castlereagh in S. J. Owen Wellesley's Disp. 250 We have by two wars..bound up the entire of Mysore in our dominions. 1832G. Downes Lett. Cont. Countries I. 234 A range of seven graves, enclosed each by lofty railings—so that the entire resembles, etc. 1842S. Lover Handy Andy viii, The death of her husband, who left her the entire of his property. 1876Gladstone Synchr. Homer 193 In the entire of the Poems we never hear of a merchant ship of the Greeks.
2. Entirety; completeness.
1622Bacon Hen. VII, 158 Maintaining the Liberties of Holy Church in their Entire. 1859Thackeray Virgin. lxiii. (D.). Too long to print in entire.
3. An entire horse; a stallion.
1881J. F. T. Keane Journ. Medinah 160 He bought two young bay entires for one hundred dollars each. 1886Daily News 14 Dec. 3/1 Four heavy-looking grey entires.
4. Short for entire beer: see A 2 b.
Not now in current use exc. on tavern sign-boards and the like, where ‘A.B.C. & Co's entire’ is still advertised.
1825Hone Every-day Bk. I. 691 Hagger's entire [humorously for ‘ginger-beer’], two-pence a bottle. 1854Wynter Curiosities Civiliz. 239 On countless sign-boards of the metropolis this [porter]..is advertised by the title of entire.
5. Philately. (See quot. 1967.)
1897O. Firth Postage Stamps vii. 148 The advisability of collecting ‘entires’, or ‘Ganz Sachen’, as the Germans more expressively have it, is a problem that sooner or later presents itself to the ardent collector. 1937Daily Tel. 16 Oct. (Stamp Suppl.) p. ix/1 The air mail has stimulated the collecting of entires. 1967Scott's New Handbk. Philatelists 13 Entire, a whole stamped envelope, letter sheet or wrapper, used or unused.
▪ II. † enˈtire, v. Obs.
[f. prec. adj.]
1. trans. To make a whole of; to unite.
1678Sir J. Spelman Alfred Gt. (1709) 28 The West Saxon Kingdom and the Kingdom of Kent became again entired in one in his hand.
2. To attach exclusively; also in weaker sense, to attach closely or intimately.
1624Heywood Gunaik. 305 Lamia was..entyred to Demetrius. Ibid. vii. 323 Shee had a bedfellow, unto whom above all others shee was entired. 1655― Fortune by Land & S. v. Wks. 1874 VI. 432, I take my Sisters husband, unto me Therefore one most intir'd.
Hence enˈtired ppl. a. = entire 3 c.
1635Heywood Hierarch. i. 37 Theseus in Search of his deare and Entired friend Perithous. |