| 释义 |
▪ I. envy, n.|ˈɛnvɪ|
Forms: 3–7 envie, envye, (4 envi, enevi, envyȝe, enwie, 5 inwy(e, 4–6 invy), 3– envy.
[a. F. envie, corresp. to Pr. enveia, Cat. enveja, Pg. inveja, Sp. envidia, It. invidia:—L. invidia, f. invid-us envious, related to invidēre to look maliciously upon, to envy, f. in upon + vidēre to see.]
†1. Malignant or hostile feeling; ill-will, malice, enmity. Obs.
a1300Cursor M. 15389 Of all venime and eneui ful kindeld vp he ras. c1300Seyn Julian 88 Ich [Belial] made þoru a lutel enuye þat on sle þat oðer. c1400Ywaine & Gaw. 3522 So grete envy..bitwix tham twa was than. c1430Syr Gener. 5266 To him he had so grete envie. 1526Skelton Magnyf. 1989 Full fewe but they have envy at me. 1596Shakes. Merch. V. iv. i. 10 No lawful meanes can carrie me Out of enuies reach. 1611Bible Mark xv. 10 For hee knew that the chiefe Priests had deliuered him for enuie. 1640Queen of Arragon ii. i. in Hazl. Dodsley XIII. 355 Misfortune brings Sorrow enough; 'tis envy to ourselves T'augment it by prediction. 1707E. Ward Hud. Rediv. (1715) II. ix, In Naseby-Fields both Armies met, Their Envy, like their Numbers, great.
†b. Unwillingness, reluctance. Obs. rare.
1557North tr. Gueuara's Diall of Princes 185 b/1 For speaking the truth: the man which hath enuy to seme olde doth delite to liue in the lightnes of youth.
†c. Odium, unpopularity, opprobrium; used to translate L. invidia. Obs.
1598R. Grenewey Tacitus' Ann. i. x. (1622) 19 As well the fact, as the enuie of it, should light vpon their owne necks. 1622Bacon Henry VII, 100 This Taxe (called Benevolence) was deuised by Edward the Fourth, for which hee sustained much Enuie. 1651Fuller's Abel Rediv., Calvin (1867) I. 327 This accident procured great envy unto Calvin from all places. 1679Burnet Hist. Ref. I. ii. 62 He had the Legates between him and the Envy or Odium of it.
†2. Active evil, harm, mischief. Obs.
ME. enuy(e may perh. sometimes represent ennoy, annoy.
a1400Chester Pl. (Shaks. Soc.) 199 Envye doe by no woman, To doe her shame by nighte nor daie. c1400Apol. Loll. 26 Discese & oþer enuyes. c1460Battle Otterbourne in Percy Reliq. 46 Yf thou hast haryed all Bamborowe shyre, Thou hast done me grete envye.
3. The feeling of mortification and ill-will occasioned by the contemplation of superior advantages possessed by another. Const. † at, of, † to, † upon (persons), at, of (things). Phrases, to feel († have) envy.
c1280Fall & Passion in E.E.P. (1862) 13 To him þe deuil had envie, þat he in his stid schold be broȝte. a1300Cursor M. 27694 (Cott.) He þat by caus of enuy werrayes anoþer wrangwisly. a1340Hampole Psalter ii. 10 Enuye couaitis, iolifte & oþer vices. c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. 49 Have ye so gret envye Of myn honour? 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. xxiii. 246 Haueþ non enuye To lerede ne to lewide. a1440Relig. Pieces fr. Thornton MS. 23 Envy..es joye of oþer mens harme and sorowe of oþer mens welefare. 1475Caxton Jason 77 Zethephius began to haue enuy vpon the king appollo. 1540R. Hyrde tr. Vives' Instr. Chr. Wom. (1592) X j, It is much more shame to have envy at other for mony, clothings, or possessions. 1588A. King tr. Canisius' Catech. 143 Invy at our brothers charitie. 1601Shakes. Jul. C. v. v. 70 All the Conspirators saue only hee, Did that they did, in enuy of great Cæsar. 1611Bible Transl. Pref. 2 Enuie striketh most spitefully at the fairest. 1684Winstanley in Shaks. C. Praise 400 Honour is always attended on by Envy. 1737Whiston Josephus' Antiq. i. xviii. §2 He was hindered..by his envy at him. 1836H. Smith Tin Trumpet (1876) 145 Envy—punishing ourselves for being inferior to our neighbours. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 75 Let every man contend in the race without envy.
†b. In the phrase to envy, i.e. to such a point as to excite envy; to the heart's content; to admiration; to perfection. Obs. Cf. 5.
Perh. suggested by Fr. à l'envi, emulously, which is of different etymology. Cf. envy v.2, to which the first quot. may belong.
c1369Chaucer Dethe Blaunche 173 They had good leyser for to route To envye, who might slepe beste. 1650–3tr. Hales' Dissert. de Pace in Phenix (1708) II. 370 That Contemplation, happy even to Envy, awaits us in the Heavens. 1668Pepys Diary 10 Mar., Captain Cocke..told me..that the Solicitor General do commend me, even to envy.
c. pl. Instances of envy; envious feelings, jealousies; rivalries.
1622Bacon Hen. VII, 239 Little Enuies or Emulations upon Forraine Princes. 1668Dryden Ess. Dram. Poesy (J.), The little envies of them [women] to one another. 1888Poor Nellie 26 Whilst..our statesmen inflame the mean envies of classes.
d. concr. The object of envy.
1836Ld. Lytton Duchess iii. ii, Duchess la Vallière..The envy of the beauty and the birth Of Europe's court.
4. Without notion of malevolence:
†a. Desire to equal another in achievement or excellence; emulation. Obs. rare.
1541Elyot Image Gov. (1549) 129 His aduancement shall ingender in noble men an honest enuie. 1606–35Ford (Webster), Such as cleanliness and decency Prompt to a virtuous envy.
b. A longing for the advantages enjoyed by another person.
1723Pope Lett. (1737) VI. 99 My innocent envies and wishes of your state. Mod. Your success excites my envy.
†5. Wish, desire, longing; enthusiasm. Obs. Cf. Fr. envie.
a1300Cursor M. 2240 (Trin.) Þese foles.. wiþ.greet envye þis werk bigon. c1430Syr Tryam. 341 They rode forthe with grete envy To seke aftur the quene. 1481Caxton Myrr. i. v. 19 And had enuye at none other thinge, but only for to lerne suche science. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1673) 261 Uncivilized men do participate, in their conditions, the labours and envie of brute beasts.
6. Comb.
1817Coleridge Biog. Lit. 26 He must be envy-mad. 1871Palgrave Lyr. Poems 135 Judges with envy-dim eye.
¶ In the following quots. enuy is prob. a mere misprint for enemy. Cf. envyte.
c1430Lydg. Bochas i. ix. (1544) 16 b, Y⊇ great sodein fall Of mighty Jabin for his iniquitie Which unto Jewes was enuy [ed. 1494 enmy] full mortall. 1483Caxton G. de la Tour E ij, The enuy or deuylle. 1579Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 189 Greater is thy credit in susteining wrong, then thy enuyes in committing injury.
▪ II. envy, v.|ˈɛnvɪ|
Forms: 4–7 envie(n, envye, (5 invye), 4– envy.
[ad. Fr. envier, corresp. to Pr. enveiar, Cat. envejar, Pg. invejar, Sp. envidiar, It. invidiare:—med.L. invidiāre, f. L. invidia envy n. The older accentuation (ɛnˈvaɪ) survived into the 17th c. and is still common dialectally, esp. in Sc.]
1. trans. To feel displeasure and ill-will at the superiority of (another person) in happiness, success, reputation, or the possession of anything desirable; to regard with discontent another's possession of (some superior advantage which one would like to have for oneself). Also in less unfavourable sense: To wish oneself on a level with (another) in happiness or in the possession of something desirable; to wish oneself possessed of (something which another has).
a. with obj. a thing; † (rarely) with obj. clause.
c1386Chaucer Wife's Prol. 142, I nyl nat enuye no virginitee. 1393Gower Conf. I. 254 Every worship is envied. 1595W. C[larke] in Shaks. C. Praise 15 Let other countries (sweet Cambridge) envie..thy petrarch, divine Spenser. 1600Shakes. A.Y.L. iii. ii. 78, I..owe no man hate, enuie no mans happinesse. c1632Poem in Athenæum No. 2883. 121/3 Eolus such monstrous wracks envyes. 1696Whiston Th. Earth iv. (1722) 368 We have but too much reason to envy the Ancient Happiness of our Forefathers. 1728T. Sheridan Persius iii. (1739) 49 Do not envy that the wealthy Lawyer increases his Stores beyond you by Knavery and Oppression. 1857Ruskin Pol. Econ. Art 4 A power not indeed to be envied, because it seldom makes us happy.
b. with obj. a person.
1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 115 Thou shalt..mollifye his herte that enuyeth the. 1562J. Heywood Prov. & Epigr. (1867) 26 Better be enuied than pitied, folke sey. 1613Shakes. Hen. VIII, ii. ii. 125 They will not sticke to say, you enuide him. 1741Middleton Cicero II. x. 458, I envy him for walking, and joking with you. 1841–4Emerson Ess. viii. Heroism Wks. (Bohn) I. 110 Who does not envy those who have seen safely to an end their manful endeavour? 1872Ruskin Eagle's Nest §34 We may be envied, but shall not be praised, for having been allowed, etc.
c. with double obj., person and thing.
1797Mrs. Radcliffe Italian xii, I envy your friend those tears. 1807Crabbe Par. Reg. i. 554 Ah! much I envy thee thy boys.
†2. To feel a grudge against (a person); to regard (a person or an action) with dislike or disapproval. Obs.
1557North tr. Gueuara's Diall Pr. 105 b/2, I knowe well, Faustine, that for that I haue sayed..thou and others suche lyke, shall greatlye enuye me. 1577J. Northbrooke Dicing (1843) 163 Bicause you are aged, and nowe are not able to doe as other yong men and women do, and this maketh you to enuy it so much. 1602Warner Alb. Eng., Epit. 389 Much was this distraction of Regalitie from Richard the second, enuied by those of his Line and Affinitie. 1630R. Johnson Kingd. & Commw. 553 The Grand Seignior doth much envie him [Emir of Sidon] for suffering the Florentines to harbour and water within his Port of Tyrus.
†b. ? To injure; cf. envy n. 2. Obs. rare.
1621Fletcher Pilgrim ii. i, If I make a lie To gain your love, and envy my best mistress, Pin me against a wall.
†3. trans. To grudge, give reluctantly, refuse to give (a thing) to (a person); to begrudge (a thing); to treat (a person) grudgingly. Also absol.
1575–85Abp. Sandys Serm. (1841) 217 God hath not envied us: he oweth us nothing, but he giveth us much. 1590Spenser F.Q. iii. v. 50 But that sweet Cordiall..She did to him envy. 1616Surfl. & Markh. Country Farm 83 The dung of Peacockes is verie soueraigne against the diseases of the eyes..but the Peacock so much enuieth the good of man, that he eateth his owne dung. 1667Milton P.L. viii. 494 Thou has fulfill'd Thy words, Creator bounteous..nor enviest. Ibid. iv. 517 Why should thir Lord envie them that? 1693Dryden Ess. Satire Wks. 1821 XIII. 5 Jonson, who by studying Horace, had been acquainted with the rules, yet seemed to envy to posterity that knowledge. 1707Curios. in Husb. & Gard. 25 We ought..to make our own Advantage of that Knowledge, and not to envy it to others. 1770Langhorne Plutarch (1879) II. 785/2 Thou enviedst me the glory of giving thee thy life.
†b. With clause as obj.: To grudge that (something should take place). Obs.
c1430Lydg. Story Thebes iii, For euery man of high and lowe degree Enuieth now, that other should thrive. 1548Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. John 40 b, Enuying that God shoulde haue his owne prayse and glory. 1605Bacon Adv. Learn. i. 23 Antiquity enuieth there should be new additions. 1663Butler Hud. i. ii. 835 Magnano..did envy That two should with so many men vye. 1682D'Urfey Butler's Ghost 176 Envying that he should ground his fame on Deeds so Essential to his Honour.
†4. intr. To have envious, grudging, or malevolent feelings. Sometimes with the occasion of the feeling expressed by inf. to envy at = senses 1– 3. Obs.
1477Earl Rivers Dictes 52 To be envied at of mightier men then he is. 1549Coverdale Erasm. Par. Gal. iv. 30 Whose libertie they enuye at. 1595Shakes. John iii. iv. 73 But now I enuie at their libertie. 1649Milton Eikon. 30 The king envying to see the Peoples love devolv'd on another object. 1656Cowley Pindaric Odes, Life & Fame (1687) ii, Oh Life! that epicures envy to hear! 1658J. Coles Cleopatra vii. 271 Those to whom this fortune is denied have so much cause to envie at it, etc. a1677Barrow Serm. (1810) II. 227 Envying at those who have more worldly advantages. a1700Dryden Pal. & Arc. iii, Envy'd to behold The Names of others, not their own inroll'd.
†b. To be jealous for another. Obs. rare—1.
1382Wyclif Numb. xi. 29 What, he seith, enuyest thow for me [Vulg. æmularis pro me].
▪ III. † enˈvy, v.2
[a. OF. envier:—L. invitāre to challenge, invite. Cf. the aphetic form vie.
The identity in form and close resemblance in sense between this and prec. render it prob. that the two words were confused even in the earliest use; the examples in 16–17th c. may perh. belong to envy v.1]
a. intr. To vie, contend for mastery.
b. trans. To vie with, seek to rival.
c1369Chaucer Dethe Blaunche 406 As thogh the erthe enuye wolde To be gayer than the heuen. 1384― H. Fame iii. 141 For that she wolde envien, lo, To pypen bet than Appollo. 1509Hawes Past. Pleas. xiv. xvi. (1845) 56 My mayster Lydgate I wyll not envy. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. ii. 17 Each others equall puissance enuies. 1621Fletcher Island Princ. i. ii, Each tree As if it envied the old Paradise.
▪ IV. envy
obs. var. of inveigh v.
1611Sclater Key 367 With what earnestness of affection envies hee [St. Paul] against those that, etc. |