| 释义 |
‖ ephemeris|ɪˈfɛmərɪs|
Pl. ephemerides |ɛfɪˈmɛrɪdiːz|, formerly often used as a sing.
[mod.L. ephēmeris, a. Gr. ἐϕηµερίς diary, calendar, f. ἐϕήµερος daily: see ephemera.]
†1.
a. A record of daily occurrences; a diary, journal. Obs.
1591Lambarde Arch. (1635) 168 The Bookes of Entries kept there; which is a true Ephemeris or Iournall of the Acts of the Court. 1629Donne Serm. xxiv. 240 God sees their sins..and in his Ephemerides—his Journals, he writes them downe. a1682Sir T. Browne Chr. Mor. 22 Register not only strange, but merciful occurrences; let ephemerides, not olympiads, give thee account of His mercies.
b. pl. for sing.
1613Jackson Creed i. xvii. Wks. I. 119 His written oracles..an absolute ephemerides of all things that had been since the first moment of time. 1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. v. iv. 371 Having kept an exact Ephemerides of all actions for more then five thousand years together. 1650R. Stapylton Strada's Low C. Warres x. 16 Set downe in a Diary (or Ephemerides).
2. a. A table showing the predicted (rarely the observed) positions of a heavenly body for every day during a given period. † Also, in pl. the tabulated positions (of a heavenly body) for a series of successive days.
1551Recorde Cast. Knowl. (1556) 283 Many eclipses of the sonne and moone also are not noted in the common Ephemerides and Almanachs. 1601Holland Pliny I. 188 Among the Babylonians there were found Ephemerides containing the obseruation of the stars, for 720 yeares. 1664Phil. Trans. I. 3 The Ephemerides of the Comet. 1668Ibid. III. 688 Tables of the Motion of the Satellits of Jupiter, with an Ephemeris of the same for this present Year. 1874Moseley Astron. lxxxviii. (ed. 4) 232 The Nautical Almanac for 1835 contained ephemerides of two of them. 1880Academy No. 440. 262 The following ephemeris..will be serviceable in searching for the comet.
†b. pl. As the title of a collection of such tables. Often used as sing. = 3 a. Obs.
1559W. Cuningham Cosm. Glas 95, I find in an Ephemerides the sonne to be in the firste Digree of Aries. 1594Blundevil Exerc. i. xxviii. (ed. 7) 77 An example used by Stadius in the 115 Page of his Ephemerides. 1618Wither Juvenil. Motto (1633) 543 Be slaves unto an Ephemerides. 1635N. Carpenter Geog. Del. i. xi. 241 You may [know] by an Ephemerides at what houre an Eclipse shall happen.
fig.1686W. de Britaine Hum. Prud. §21. 99 You must be careful to keep an Ephemerides, to know how the great Orbs of the Court move.
3. a. A book in which the places of the heavenly bodies and other astronomical matters are tabulated in advance for each day of a certain period; an astronomical almanac.
1647Almanak for 1386, Astron. App. (1812) 61 An ephemeris..is a book giving the true places of the planets. 1796Hutton Math. Dict. s.v., The Nautical Almanac, or Astronomical Ephemeris, published in England by the Board of Longitude..which commenced with the year 1767. 1833Herschel Astron. v. 204 The equation of time is calculated and inserted in ephemerides for every day of the year. 1874Moseley Astron. xlv. (ed. 4) 147 These quantities..are stated..in the tables of the Nautical Almanac, and other ephemerides.
b. ephemeris time, a uniform time scale used in astronomy, defined in terms of the orbital motions of the moon and planets and taking as the fundamental unit the ephemeris second, equal to a certain fraction of the tropical year 1900 (see quot. 1966).
1950Colloques Internat. du C.N.R.S. XXV. Constantes Fondamentales de l'Astronomie..129 The Conference recommends that, in all cases where the mean solar second is unsatisfactory as a unit of time by reason of its variability, the unit adopted should be the sidereal year at 1900.0; that the time reckoned in these unit [sic] be designated Ephemeris Time. 1964R. H. Baker Astron. (ed. 8) iii. 78 The American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac and the British Astronomical Ephemeris..tabulate the fundamental positions of the sun, moon, and planets at intervals of ephemeris time. Ibid., In the present century, ephemeris time has been gaining on universal time and in 1960 was ahead by 35 seconds. 1966Kaye & Laby Tables of Physical & Chem. Constants (ed. 13) 8 Since 1956 the ephemeris second, defined as the fraction 1/31 556 925.974 7 of the tropical year for 1900 January 0 at 12h ET, has been adopted as the fundamental invariable unit of time by the International Committee of Weights and Measures.
†4.
a. In wider sense: An almanac or calendar of any kind; in early use esp. one containing astrological or meteorological predictions for each day of the period embraced; also, a calendar of saints' days. Also pl. in same sense, sometimes used as sing. Obs.
In bibliographical works (e.g. in the Brit. Mus. Cat.), ‘Ephemerides’ is still used as a general heading for Almanacs, Calendars, etc.
1597Bp. Hall Sat. ii. vii. 6 Why can his tell-troth Ephemerides Teach him the weathers state so long beforne. 1605Bacon Adv. Learn. i. i. §3 That Kalendar or Ephemerides which he maketh of the diversities of times and seasons for all actions and purposes. 1610B. Jonson Alch. iv. iv, Cures Plagues, piles, and pox, by the ephemerides. a1661Fuller Worthies, Flintshire iv. 39 He..wrote an Ephemeris of the Irish Saints. 1796Morse Amer. Geog. I. 45 Several Ephemerides or Almanacks are annually published.
fig.1649G. Daniel Trinarch., Hen. IV, ccclii, Hee who had read the Ephemerides Of Fate; and could repeat his owne, by roat. 1796Burke Regic. Peace Wks. (1812) IX. 105, I think this can hardly have escaped the writers of political ephemerides for any month or year.
†b. pl. The appointed daily order of religious services. Obs.
1650C. Elderfield Tythes 117 How their ephemerides for divine services should be performed.
¶5. catachr. = ephemera2 1 and 2.
1820Shelley Sens. Pl. 49 The beamlike ephemeris Whose path is the lightning's. 1841–4Emerson Ess., Self-reliance Wks. (Bohn) I. 25 Honour is venerable to us because it is no ephemeris. |