| 释义 |
epicurism|ˈɛpɪkjʊˌrɪz(ə)m|
Also 6–7 epicurisme, 7–8 epicureism.
[Two formations: (1) f. Epicūrus, after mod.L. type Epicūrismus; cf. Fr. Épicurisme (perh. the immediate source), It., Sp. Epicurismo. (2) f. epicure + -ism.
As the n. epicure long continued to be used with distinct consciousness of its connexion with the name of the philosopher, the two formations cannot be accurately distinguished exc. in recent examples. The accentuation shown above belongs properly to the second formation (sense 3); in the now rare sense 1 most persons would prob. say epiˈcurism (as in Johnson). Bailey (1736) places the accent on 2nd syllable, as app. in Shakes. Lear i. iv. 165; cf. the verse quots. s.v. epicurize. The 17–18th c. epicureism is perh. strictly f. L. epicūrē-us: cf. Ger. epikuräismus.]
1. (With capital initial.) The philosophical system of Epicurus; doctrines regarded as analogous to that system; attachment to such opinions. Now rare; more commonly epicureanism.
1575Fulke Confut. Doct. Purgatory (1577) 444 Epicureisme and Saduceisme is more common at Rome then Christianitye. a1593H. Smith Arrow agst. Atheists (1622) 49 There seemeth small difference betweene Epicurisme, Atheisme, and Mahometisme. 1862Merivale Rom. Emp. (1865) VI. liii. 327 They had resigned themselves to Epicurism..or had cultivated Stoicism.
†2. Practical conformity to the (supposed) principles of Epicurus; the pursuit of pleasure; sensuality. Obs.
1586J. Ferne Blaz. Gentrie 20 Not the notes of Nobilitie, but the marks of Epicurisme, and companions to effeminacie. 1605Shakes. Lear i. iv. 265 Epicurisme and Lust Make it [our Court] more like a Tauerne, or a Brothell Than a grac'd Pallace. 1691–8Norris Pract. Disc. 138 Nothing but meer Sensuality and Epicurism. 1775Burke Corr. (1844) II. 18 This general affection to religion..will make a common cause against Epicurism.
†b. Excess in eating; gluttony. Obs.
1586Cogan Haven Health ccxii. (1612) 190 That Epicurisme, which is too much vsed in England, and especially of Merchants..to sit eating..for the space of three or four hours. 1613Middleton Triumphs of Truth, First then I banish from this Feast of Joy, All Excesse, Epicurisme, both which destroy The Healths of Soule and Body. 1614T. Adams Devil's Banquet 291 Poysoning to Italie, Drunkennesse to Germanie, Epicurisme to England.
3. The disposition and habits of an epicure; cultivated taste in the pleasures of the table.
a1619M. Fotherby Atheom. i. (1622) 116 Yea, and euen Salomon obserueth the same kind of Epicurisme. 1665Pepys Diary (1879) III. 226 Captain Cocke, for whose Epicurisme a dish of partridges was sent for. 1752Johnson Rambler No. 206 ⁋13 He is venerated by the professors of epicurism, as the only man who understands the niceties of cookery. 1823Lamb Elia (1860) 130 The heats of epicurism put out the gentle flame of devotion. 1830M. Donovan Dom. Econ. I. 197 The epicurism of consumers of malt liquors.
b. transf. (Cf. epicure 3 b.)
1655Fuller Ch. Hist. ii. ii. §18 But such is the epicurism of modern times to addulce all words to the ear that, etc. 1661Pepys Diary 23 Sept., I never did pass a night with more epicurism of sleep. 1675Traherne Chr. Ethics App. 573 A vertuous man is..more prone to celestial epicurisme, if I may so speak, than all the world besides. 1860Smiles Self-Help x. 272 Much of our reading is but the indulgence of a sort of literary epicurism. |