| 释义 |
epiphenomenon Path.|ˌɛpɪfɪˈnɒmɪnən|
Pl. epiphenomena.
[f. epi- + phenomenon.]
a. Something that appears in addition; a secondary symptom. Also transf.
1706in Phillips. 1731–1800in Bailey. 1874Van Buren Dis. Genit. Org. 93 Stricture is only an epiphenomenon, and not the disease itself. 1876J. S. Bristowe Theory & Pract. Med. (ed. 2) 105 Fever is always secondary to some specific or other disease of which it is a mere epiphenomenon or symptom. 1882Nature XXVI. 640 Trombes and tornadoes are short epiphenomena of cyclones.
b. spec. in Psychol. Applied to consciousness regarded as a by-product of the material activities of the brain and nerve-system.
1890W. James Princ. Psychol. I. v. 129 But this would be a quite autonomous chain of occurrences, and whatever mind went with it would be there only as an ‘epiphenomenon’, an inert spectator. 1899J. Ward Naturalism & Agnosticism II. 37 The newly coined phrase epiphenomenon (or, as the Germans say, Begleiterscheinung). 1913J. M. Baldwin Hist. Psychol. II. iv. 60 This charge [of materialism] is frankly accepted..by those, such as Maudsley, who accept the ‘epiphenomenon’ theory of consciousness; to them consciousness is merely a by-product, a spark thrown off by the engine, the brain. 1952W. J. H Sprott Social Psychol. 208 Marxists have never taken ideas as mere epi-phenomena. 1965H. Kuhlenbeck in J. R. Smythies Brain & Mind 156 Yet, in this respect, consciousness remains either an ‘epiphenomenon’ or a parallel, not ‘causally’ involved phenomenon... The term ‘epiphenomenon’ stresses the ‘vectorial’ or one-way, open transformation from public physical space-time into private perceptual space-time. |