| 释义 |
episteme Philos.|ɛpɪˈstiːmɪ|
[Gr. ἐπιστήµη knowledge.]
Scientific knowledge, a system of understanding; spec. Foucault's term for the body of ideas which shape the perception of knowledge at a particular period. Cf. epistemology.
[1856W. E. Jelf Note to Aristotle's Ethics ii. vi. 39 Ἐπιστήµη, here used loosely for ‘system’, which proceeds on rules, as distinguished from empiricism, which acts without rules. 1907R. D. Hicks Aristotle's De Anima 307 The student who has a capacity for learning, has only potential knowledge when compared with one who has gone through a course of study. Here ἐπιστήµη is related to ἄγνοια as actual to potential. 1961in Webster. 1966M. Foucault Mots & Choses 13 Ce qu'on voudrait mettre au jour, c'est le champ épistémologique, l'épistémè [sic] où les connaissances, envisagées hors de tout critère se référant à leur valeur rationnelle ou à leurs formes objectives, enfoncent leur positivité et manifestent ainsi une histoire qui n'est pas celle de leur perfection croissante, mais plutôt celle de leurs conditions de possibilité. ]1967P. P. Hallie in Encycl. Philos. VIII. 368/2 There is episteme or science, when all our firmly certain conceptions combine into a system. 1970tr. M. Foucault's Order of Things x. iii. 365 The ‘sciences of man’ are part of the modern episteme in the same way as chemistry or medicine or any other such science; or again, in the same way as grammar and natural history were part of the Classical episteme. 1972A. M. S. Smith tr. M. Foucault's Archaeol. Knowledge iv. vi. 191 The analysis of discursive formations, of positivities, and knowledge in their relations with epistemological figures and with the sciences is what has been called, to distinguish it from other possible forms of the history of the sciences, the analysis of the episteme. 1979N. C. Gillespie Charles Darwin & Probl. Creation i. 1, I make no claim to embrace all of Foucault's profound, if sometimes extravagant, ideas about ‘epistemes’,—i.e., the communal presuppositions about knowledge and its nature and limits. 1982M. M. Slaughter Universal Lang. & Sci. Taxon. in 17th Cent. iii. 187 (heading) The end of the taxonomic episteme. |