| 释义 |
▪ I. ergot, n.|ˈɜːgət|
[a. Fr. ergot, OF. argot cock's spur: see argot1.]
1. A diseased transformation of the seed of rye and other grasses, being really the sclerotium or hardened mycelium of a fungus (Claviceps purpurea), in colour dark-violet, and in form resembling a cock's spur; hence the name. Also, the disease consisting in this transformation.
1683Weekly Mem. Ingen. 151 That malignity..breeding in the ears of corn certain black grains called in Sologne, Ergots. 1762Bones in Phil. Trans. LII. 533 The gentle⁓men of the academy were of opinion, that the disease..was produced..by bread, in which there was a great quantity of ergot. 1793T. Beddoes Calculus, etc. 209 The disease of rye called ergot is exactly analogous to the scurvy in animals. 1838T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 879 We give to the seeds of rye altered by this disease, the name of ergot of rye. 1863N. Brit. Rev. May 379 An extraordinary disease, called ergot, occurs on wheat and rye.
b. The diseased seed of rye used medicinally.
1860Tanner Pregnancy v. 266 The ergot of rye will often excite contractions, and cause the uterus to empty itself. 1876Harley Mat. Med. 365 Ergot seems to have been first used as a medicine by the profession in France and the United States. 1880N. Kerr in Mech. Temp. Jrnl. July 151 Half a drachm of the ergot was given every fifteen minutes.
¶c. (See quot.)
1764Baker in Phil. Trans. LV. 107, I observed a disease mentioned under the appellation of Ergot, a name borrowed from its supposed cause, viz. vitiated rye.
2. Farriery. ‘A small horny capsule on each side of the claw or horny envelope of the digits in Ruminants and Pachyderms’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). Cf. argot1.
3. Anat. (See quot.)
1840G. Ellis Anat. 41 The hippocampus minor or ‘ergot’ is a projection in the floor of the posterior extremity or cornu of the lateral ventricle [of the brain].
Hence ˈergoted ppl. a., tainted with ergot.
1841Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. II. i. 16 A poor man..ventured to make bread of some ergotted rye. 1869E. A. Parkes Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 222 Flour..may be ergoted or grown and fermenting.
▪ II. † ˈergot, v. Obs. rare.
Also 7 ergat.
[a. F. ergot-er ‘to rise on his toes, wrangle’ (Cotgr.), f. ergot (cf. argot1) the spur of a cock; but the word was associated both in Fr. and Eng. with ergo.]
intr. To argue, wrangle.
1653Urquhart Rabelais i. xvii, After they had well ergoted pro and con, they concluded in Baralipton, that, etc. a1658J. Hewitt Serm. (1658) 178 Little doth it concern us what the school-men ergat in their schools. |