| 释义 |
▪ I. tenter, n.1|ˈtɛntə(r)|
Forms: 4–5 teyntur, 5 tayntour, tentowre, 5–6 tentour, 5–7 taynter, teynter, tenture, 5–8 tentor, 6 teynto(u)r, -tree, tentar, 6–7 tainter, teinter, -or, 6– tenter.
[The varieties of the suffix make the exact origin somewhat obscure: the forms in -ur, -our, -or, -er, -ar, point to an AF. or OF. *tentour, L. *tentōr-em stretcher, agent-n. from tend-ĕre to stretch, which suits the sense; but neither the OF. nor the L. word is known in the sense ‘tenter’.
The rare form tenture is equated by Promp. Parv. with L. tentūra, but this ought to mean the process of stretching or its product: cf. F. tenture action of stretching, also tapestry hangings; which does not agree with the sense of ‘stretching instrument or apparatus’. On the other hand, if the word were merely an Eng. agent-n. from tent v.3, it would be difficult to account for the various forms of the ending. The forms in teynt-, taynt-, teint-, taint- also offer difficulty, suggesting some association with F. teint dye.]
1. A wooden framework on which cloth is stretched after being milled, so that it may set or dry evenly and without shrinking. Also † a pair of tenters (Obs. rare) and in pl. form tenters.
Formerly tenters of the length of a web of cloth stood in rows in the open air in tenter-fields or tenter grounds, and were a prominent feature in cloth-manufacturing districts; but the process of drying and stretching is now generally done much more rapidly in tenter-houses by tenter- or tentering-machines.
13..Charter Holy Ghost (Vernon MS.) in Hampole's Wks. I. 361 Whon þe Iewes hedden þus nayled Criston þe cros as men doþ cloþ on a tey[n]tur [v.rr. streynour, rakke]. 1408Nottingham Rec. II. 60 Johannes London occupat unum croftum cum taynters. 1435Coventry Leet Bk. 172 No walker off the Cite of Couentre..Shall Rakke no Clothe on the Tey[n]tur that schall be solde ffor wette-clothe. c1440Promp. Parv. 489/1 Tenture, for clothe (S. tentowre),..Ug. V. in V. tentura (P. constrictorium). 1483Act 1 Rich. III, c. 8 §1 Many of the seid Clothes..ben sett uppon Tayntours and drawen out in leyngth and brede. 1495Nottingham Rec. III. 284 Accyon off trespas for takynge vp teynters. 1530Palsgr. 280/1 Tentar for clothe, tend, tende. a1535Fisher Wks. i. 394 Neuer anye Parchement skynne was more strayghtlye stratched by strength vpon the tentors. 1548Nottingham Rec. IV. 94 For a gardeyn and a peyre of teyntors at the Bridgende. a1552Leland Itin. I. 93 A great Numbre of Tainters for Wollen Clothes. 1592Greene Upst. Courtier in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) II. 242 That he drawe his cloth and pull it passing hard when he sets it vpon the tenters. 1642in J. Lister's Autobiog. (1842) 78 The cannon..beat down the barrs of a tenter. 1646J. Temple Irish Rebell. 95 [He] led the boy to his Fathers tentors, and there hanged him. 1657C. Beck Univ. Charac. L vj, A tenture or tenter to stretch cloth in. 1727–41Chambers Cycl., Tenter, Tryer, or Prover,..in the cloth manufactory..is usually about four feet and a half high, and for length exceeds that of the longest piece of cloth. 1791Hamilton Berthollet's Dyeing II. ii. ii. v. 108 It is dried on the tenters in the open air. 1849C. Brontë Shirley ii, The cloth was torn from his tenters and left in shreds in the field.
fig.1602Dekker Satirom. Wks. 1873 I. 247 O Night..That like a cloth of cloudes dost stretch thy limbes; Vpon the windy Tenters of the Ayre. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. xvii. §4 Albeit his Words intended no Treason..yet..the tenture of the Law made them his death. 1674N. Fairfax Bulk & Selv. To Rdr., As the one had wrackt and limm'd my thoughts, with endless tenters and boundless retchings out.
†2. = tenterhook 1. Obs.
1598Sylvester Du Bartas ii. i. iii. Furies 708 Then Avarice all-arm'd in hooking Tenters. 1678Massacre in Ireland 3 Two Boys [were] wounded and hung upon Butchers Tenters. 1743Phil. Trans. XLII. 425 The little Papillæ..on the Surface of the Arms assist them like so many Hooks or Tenters to hold their Worms barely by touching them. 1795Wolcott (P. Pindar) Liberty's last Squeak Wks. 1812 III. 422 And hang their Hearts, like Butcher's Meat, on tenters. 1810Crabbe Borough i. 130 Fences..(With tenters tipp'd) a strong repulsive bound.
fig.1635Quarles Embl. i. v. 17 Abused Statutes had no tenters, And men could deal secure without indentures. 1849J. Sterling in Fraser's Mag. XXXIX. 416 Slight Folly's pen, not Passion's burning tenter, Tears up our roots.
†b. transf. A hooked organ or part. Obs.
1613–16W. Browne Brit. Past. ii. i, Thornes and tangling bushes Whose tenters sticking in her garments sought..to help her. 1817Kirby & Sp. Entomol. (1818) II. xxiii. 323 Palms, pattens, or soles [of flies' feet]..beset underneath with small bristles or tenters.
†3. fig. esp. in phrases:
a. to put, set, stretch, etc. on (the) tenter(s, = to set on tenterhooks; to rack: see tenterhook 2, 2 b. Obs.
a1533Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) C c ij b, Ye haue strayned it on the tentours, and drawen it on the perche. a1556Cranmer Wks. (Parker Soc.) I. 60 But the papists have set Christ's words upon the tenters, and stretched them out so far, that they make his words to signify as pleaseth them, not as he meant. 1583Stubbes Anat. Abus. ii. (1882) 33 They inhance the rents, and set their fines on tenter. 1656Artif. Handsom. 133 Nor ought the conscience in these to be set upon the rack and tainter. 1742Richardson Pamela III. 341, I have pity'd him many a time, when I have seen him stretched on the Tenters to keep thee in Countenance.
b. to be on (the) tenter(s, i.e. in a position of strain, difficulty, or uneasiness; to be in a state of anxious suspense. Now rare or Obs., superseded by on tenterhooks: see tenterhook 2 c.
1633Ford Broken H. i. iii, My very heart-strings Are on the tenters. 1726Adv. Capt. R. Boyle (1768) 27, I was upon the Tenters to know the Reason of my Confinement. 1796Scott Let. to Miss C. Rutherford 5 June, Your curiosity will be upon the tenters to hear the wonderful events. 1806Fessenden Democr. I. 39 Stretch'd on the tenters of anxiety By blunder, crime, or impropriety.
†4. A stretching implement: ? = tent n.3 Obs.
1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 147 Put in the Opponax, and of both together make like taynters or splints, and thrust them into the wound. Ibid. 808 This applied to the bitten place in a linnen cloth, and tentures twice a day, did perfectly recover her health within a month. 1681Grew Musæum iv. i. 360 A Box of Anatomick Instruments; sc. Saws, Steel and Ivory Knives,..a Tenter.
5. attrib. and Comb., as tenter-stretched adj.; tenter-balk (-bauk), -bar: see quots.; tenter-field, -place, = tenter-ground; tenter-frame = sense 1; tenter-house, -machine: see sense 1 (note); tenter-timber, timber for making tenters. See also tenter-ground, -hook, -yard.
1876Whitby Gloss., *Tenter-bauks, the beams to which the butcher's meat-hooks are fastened.
1877Knight Dict. Mech., *Tenter-bar, a device for stretching cloth.
1844G. Dodd Textile Manuf. iii. 104 The cloth is stretched out and hung up to dry. This used to be done in the *tenter-fields.
1835Ure Philos. Manuf. 192 When the fulling is finished, the cloth is stretched once more on the *tenter-frame, and left in the open air till it is dry. 1861C. C. Robinson Leeds Gloss. s.v. Tenters, The tenter-frames are upright bars placed at a short distance from each other and connected by other horizontal ones, top and bottom, having an array of hooks at equal distances on which the cloth is fastened by the listing of both sides.
1457in Arnolde Chron. (1811) 72 All thoo in the said cite or subbarbis that ocupye..*teynter placys for fullers.
1641Sir B. Rudyard in Rushw. Hist. Coll. iii. (1692) I. 167 Not to press such *Tenter-stretched Arguments.
1562Richmond Wills (Surtees) 152 Stees, stanggs, peatts, old *tenture tymber, xs.
▪ II. tenter, n.2|ˈtɛntə(r)|
[f. tent v.6 + -er1.]
1. One who lives or lodges in a tent.
1846Indiana Hist. Mag. XXIII. 409 The eating hours were the same as those of the tenters. 1888Harper's Mag. Oct. 801/1 The pretty girl of our civilization, who pushes into the canvas home of the tenters. 1907Daily News 27 Nov. 3/2 Originally intended for the benefit of gipsies, the evangelism..has attracted adherents from all classes, now proud to style themselves ‘tenters’.
2. One whose job is to erect and strike tents.
1864‘P. Paterson’ Glimpses of Real Life xiii. 123 There must be a tent-master and tenters, besides the agent in advance, the members of the brass band, [etc.]. 1979Daily Tel. 23 Apr. 14/8 The slow building and dismantling of the marquee on stage was..a documentary about tenters and their jobs.
▪ III. tenter, n.3 dial.|ˈtɛntə(r)|
[f. tent v.1 + -er1.]
1. One who minds, or has charge of, anything requiring attention, as a machine, a flock, etc.
1828Craven Gloss., Tenters, watchers, moor-tenters. 1863Mrs. Toogood Yorks. Dial., I will hire that boy as a tenter for my sheep. 1870Inquiry Yorks. Deaf & Dumb 59 Simeon Smith, cropping-machine tenter. 1885Manch. Exam. 20 Feb. 5/3 The engine tenter..found the doors of the mill unlocked.
b. Applied to a watch-dog.
1844S. Bamford Walks S. Lancs. 47 (E.D.D.) Will he do for a tenter? will he bark at night?
2. An attendant on a skilled workman, who gives him unskilled help, supplies materials, etc.
1894Labour Commission Gloss., Tenters, assistants to the weaver, generally children, who have gone through a short process of probation.
▪ IV. tenter, v.|ˈtɛntə(r)|
[f. tenter n.1]
1. trans. To stretch (cloth) on a tenter or tenters.
1437Coventry Leet Bk. 187 Yeff so be that hit wol-not bere the seyde lengeth than that the walker Teynter hym out to the lengethe off xv yerdes. 1473in Arnolde Chron. (1811) 78 The vntrouth falshed and desept..now daily vsed in the fullyng teynteryng or settyng and sheryng of wullen cloth. 1583Stubbes Anat. Abus. ii. (1882) 24 After they haue bought their cloth, they cause it to be tentered, racked, and so drawne out, as it shall be both broader and longer than it was. 1626Bacon Sylva §12 As when..Leather or Cloth tentured spring back. 1673O. Heywood Diaries, etc. (1882) I. 354 Having some land..where his cloth is tentered. 1789Brand Hist. Newcastle II. 320 The ordinary of this society, called anciently walkers,..enacted that no brother should..tentor cloth on a Sunday. 1876Cudworth Bradford vii. 466 Returning home.., the cloth was ‘tentered’—that is, if weather permitted.
†b. transf. To hang or stretch as on a tenter or tenters. Obs.
1615Crooke Body of Man 244 If the heart needed any tension, it might better haue beene tentered, and with shorter stringes to the spine of the back. 1648Bp. Hall Easter at Higham Rem. Wks. (1660) 194 Do the cruel tormentors tenter out his pretious limmes? a1677Barrow Expos. Creed Wks. 1716 I. 430 We may easily imagine what acerbity of pain must be endured in his limbs being stretched forth, racked and tentured.
†2. fig. To set on the tenter, or on tenterhooks: see tenter n.1 3, tenterhook 2 b. Also, to injure or pain as by stretching; to rack, torture (the feelings, etc.). Obs.
1612R. Fenton Usury 38 Verily if vsurie were not, men would tenter their wits, either in trading themselues or imploying others. 1622Fletcher Beggar's Bush ii. iii, He does stretch, Tenter his credit so. 1652J. Wright tr. Camus' Nat. Paradox iii. 49 It might be done without tentering his Conscience. a1734North Exam. ii. iv. §32 (1740) 247 It is plain..that Pepys, being once tentered, should have come off secundum artem.
†3. intr. Of cloth: To admit of being stretched on the tenter; to bear tentering. Obs. rare—1.
1626Bacon Sylva §841 Parchment or leather will stretch, paper will not; woollen cloth will tenter, linen scarcely. |