| 释义 |
erythro-|ɛˈrɪθrəʊ-|
(before a vowel eˈrythr-), combining form of Gr. ἐρυθρό-ς red, in several compounds occurring in Chemistry, with a few in Mineralogy, etc.
eˈrythro-benˈzene (see quot.). eˈrythroblast [G. (M. Löwit 1886, in Sitzungsber. d. Akad. d. Wissenschaften in Wien 3rd Ser. XCII. 56)], any of the normal series of nucleated cells recognizable as precursors of erythrocytes; hence erythroˈblastic a. eˈrythrocyte, a red blood corpuscle; also attrib.; hence erythroˈcytic a. eˌrythrocyˈthæmia = erythræmia. eˌrythrocyˈtosis, erythræmia, esp. when a secondary condition resulting from some other disturbance. eryˈthrolein [see olein]. eˌrythroˈlitmin [see litmus and -in], ‘red substances obtained from litmus’ (Watts Dict. Chem. 1882). eˌrythromeˈlalgia, dilatation of the arteries of the extremities, esp. the feet. eˌrythroˈphobia, (a) fear of blushing; (b) hypersensitivity to the colour red. eˈrythrophyll, Chem. [Gr. ϕῦλλ-ον leaf], the red colouring matter of leaves in autumn. eˌrythroˈphyllin, Chem. [see prec. and -in] = prec. eˌrythroˈphytoscope [Gr. ϕυτό-ν plant + -σκοπος observer] = erythroscope. eˌrythroˈplastid = erythrocyte. eˌrythroˈprotid [see proteid or protide], ‘a red extractive matter obtained by Mulder from albumin and allied substances’. eryˈthropsia [Gr. -οψια seeing], a form of chromatopsia in which all objects appear red. eˌrythroˈretin, Chem. [see ret-ene and -in], ‘a resinous constituent of rhubarb-root, soluble with purple-red colour in alkalis’ (Watts Dict. Chem. 1882). eˈrythroscope [Gr. -σκοπος observer], an optical contrivance, by which the green of foliage is caused to appear red, while all other green objects retain their natural hue (see quot.). eˌrythroˈsiderite, Min. [Gr. σίδηρ-ος + -ite], a hydrous choloride of potassium and iron formed by sublimation in the lavas of Vesuvius. eˈrythrozyme, Chem. [Gr. ζύµη leaven], ‘an azotised substance which exists in madder root, and gives rise to a peculiar transformation of rubian’ (Watts Dict. Chem. 1882).
1879Watts Dict. Chem. VI. 583 *Erythrobenzene, a red colouring matter prepared from nitrobenzene by leaving 12 pts. of that substance in contact with 24 pts. of fine iron filings and 6 pts. strong hydrochloric acid, for 24 hours at ordinary temperatures.
1890Billings Med. Dict., *Erythroblasts. 1898Allbutt's Syst. Med. V. 651 None of the leucocytes of the blood becomes transformed into red corpuscles, these being formed from special cells—‘erythroblasts’—in the bone-marrow. 1908Osler & McCrae Syst. Med. IV. 600 A considerable number of the immature cells of the adult marrow, including many of the erythroblasts, possess a considerable degree of affinity for basic coloring matters. 1968H. Harris Nucleus & Cytoplasm iv. 86 An electron microscopic study of nuclear elimination from the late erythroblast.
1908Practitioner Feb. 239 The *erythroblastic tissues of the marrow. 1908Osler & McCrae Syst. Med. IV. 679 The disease is due to a primary hyperplasia of the erythroblastic bone-marrow.
1894G. M. Gould Illustr. Dict. Med. 441/1 *Erythrocyte, a red blood-corpuscle. 1908Osler & McCrae Syst. Med. IV. 600 We speak of the..blue-stained erythrocyte as polychromatophilic. 1946Nature 30 Nov. 793/1 Regular erythrocyte counts and hæmoglobin determinations were done in a drop of blood. 1961Lancet 2 Sept. 522/2 The erythrocyte-sedimentation rate was 35 mm. in the 1st hour.
1905Osler Princ. Med. (ed. 6) 748 An increase in the number of the red blood-corpuscles—*erythrocythæmia.
1908Practitioner Feb. 234 According to the degree in which the parent cell has developed along the leucocytic or *erythrocytic route. 1946Nature 16 Nov. 707/2 Therapeutic potency..is apparent not only against the erythrocytic but also against the exo-erythrocytic forms of the malaria parasite.
1908Practitioner Feb. 238 It would almost seem better to bring the nomenclature of this new disease into line with that adopted to describe an increase of the various forms of leucocytes, and to call it polycythæmia rubra, *erythrocytosis, or, better still, erythrocythæmia. 1966Wright & Symmers Systemic Path. I. iv. 175 The number of red cells in the blood is seldom as large in erythrocytosis as in polycythæmia vera.
1882Ibid. III. 731 *Erythrolitmin forms crystalline grains of a fine deep red colour, coloured blue by potash.
1878S. W. Mitchell in Amer. Jrnl. Med. Sci. July 17 The foot and hand disorder I am about to describe may be conveniently labelled *Erythromelalgia. 1956New Gould Med. Dict. (ed. 2) 419/2 Erythromelalgia... Also called acromelalgia, Mitchell's disease.
1894G. M. Gould Illustr. Dict. Med. 441/2 *Erythrophobia, morbid intolerance of red colors: sometimes observed after operations for cataract. 1936Mind XLV. 389 They are then ‘neurotic’ symptoms..(neurotic vomiting..blushing and erythrophobia, [etc.]). 1947P. L. Harriman Dict. Psychol. 126 Erythrophobia, morbid fear of blushing; also, hypersensitivity to reds, a symptom reported as occurring in some patients who have had cataracts removed. 1960Koestler Lotus & Robot ii. viii. 213 In this is included fear of blushing when appearing before a person, or erythrophobia.
1875Bennett & Dyer tr. Sachs' Bot. 686 *Erythrophyll group. 1884Bower & Scott De Bary's Phaner. & Ferns 66 Cell-sap..tinted with dissolved pigments (Erythrophyll, &c.).
1876S. Kens. Museum Catal. No. 3702 *Erythrophytoscope.
1921A. Keith Hum. Embryol. (ed. 4) xxi. 336 At every period of life the red blood corpuscles (*erythroplastids) arise from erythroblasts.
1845G. E. Day tr. Simon's Anim. Chem. I. 29 Glutin and water may be supposed to be formed from protid and *erythroprotid by the ammonia. 1852–9Todd Cycl. Anat. IV. 164/2 Erythroprotid, when pure, is of a fine red colour.
1885Boston Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 24 Dec. 615/2 The patient reported the appearance of the red vision in four months after having had the cataract extracted... It came on at bedtime... The *erythropsia had gone on the following morning. 1964S. Duke-Elder Parsons' Dis. Eye (ed. 14) xxiv. 363 Erythropsia (red vision) occurs particularly after cataract extraction if the eyes are exposed to bright light.
1876Harley Mat. Med. 466 Rhubarb contains 3 resins, aporetin phœoretin, and *erythroretin.
1876S. Kens. Museum Catal. No. 3700 *Erythroscope. 1879O. N. Rood Chromatics vii. 83 Simler has constructed a simple..apparatus, based on the singular property which living leaves have of reflecting abundantly the extreme red rays of the spectrum: it is called an erythroscope.
1875Dana Min. App. ii. 19 *Erythrosiderite..Color red. Very soluble.
1876tr. Schützenberger's Fermentation 24 In the fermentation of sugar by means of *erythrozyme.
Add: eˌrythroleuˈkæmia Med. [It. eritroleucemia, G. I. di Guglielmo 1917, in Folia Medica (Naples) III. 392], a rare acute form of leukaemia in which there is neoplastic proliferation of erythroblasts and leucoblasts.
1927Med. Press & Circ. 31 Aug. 176/1 A mixed picture, which Guglielmo terms *erythro-leukæmia, is produced when the erythroblastic and the leucoblastic elements of the bone-marrow both play a large part in the morbid proliferative process. 1974Sci. Amer. July 44/1 When certain strains of mice are treated with a complex of viruses known collectively as Friend leukemia virus, they develop a cancerous condition called erythroleukemia. 1988Nature 21 Jan. 279/1 No rearrangements were observed, suggesting that this site is specific for SFFV-induced erythroleukaemias.
hence eˌrythroleuˈkæmic a.
1928Proc. R. Soc. Med. XXI. i. 743 In this particular case..we find an *erythro-leukæmic condition as a result of the stimulation of both functions of the common stem cell. 1974Sci. Amer. July 44/2 Skoultchi found that if the erythroleukemic cells are fused with mouse fibroblasts, the hybrid cells cannot synthesize hemoglobin. 1984Holtzman & Novikoff Cells & Organelles (ed. 3) iii. xi. 472 Erythroleukemic cells grown in culture have been used to study the biology of the red blood cell progenitors from which the tumor line arose. |