| 释义 |
essentialism|ɪˈsɛnʃəlɪz(ə)m|
[f. essential a. and n. + -ism.]
1. Educ. A theory advocating the teaching, on traditional lines and to everyone, of certain ideas and methods supposed to be essential to the prevalent culture (opp. to progressivism).
1939J. S. Brubacher Mod. Philos. Educ. xiv. 336 Over against the philosophy of progressive education..stands that of essentialism or traditionalism. 1950T. Brameld Patterns Educ. Philos. vii. 211 What then is the central outlook of essentialism?.. It views the established beliefs and institutions of our modern heritage as not only real but true, and not only true but good.
2. Philos. The belief in real essences of things, esp. the view that the task of science and philosophy is to discover these and express them in definitions.
1945K. R. Popper Open Society I. iii. 26 Methodological essentialism, i.e. the theory that it is the aim of science to reveal essences and to describe them by means of definitions. 1948Mind LVII. 302 Essentialism is not only deep-rooted in men's thought habits—or linguistic habits; as it penetrates different departments of human thought it works on these. 1957K. R. Popper Poverty of Historicism i. 27 This ‘realist’ theory has also been called ‘idealist’. I therefore propose to rename this antinominalist theory ‘essentialism’.
b. [tr. F. essentialisme.] The doctrine that essence is prior to existence (opp. to existentialism).
1949E. L. Mascall Existence & Analogy i. 11 However much vestigial Platonic essentialism there may have been in the thought of the great Greek father [sc. St. John of Damascus], St. Thomas interprets him in the most existential manner possible. |