| 释义 |
ethnonym Anthropol.|ˈɛθnəʊnɪm|
[f. ethno- + -nym, as in homonym, pseudonym; app. a. Russ. étnonim (cf., for example, Sovetskaya Étnografiya (1946), iv. 34); also étnonimika ‘ethnonymics’, the study of ethnonyms (1939).]
A proper name by which a people or ethnic group is known; spec. one which it calls itself.
1964tr. Levin & Potapov's Peoples of Siberia 761 The Chinese knew the Oroks as ‘Oron'cho’. The etymology of this and related ethnonyms is probably derived from the Manchu and Tungus word for the domesticated reindeer—oro or oron. Names with this root usually mean ‘reindeer people’ or ‘reindeer breeders’. 1966Y. Malkiel in Current Trends in Linguistics III. 360 Refractory ethnonyms fell into desuetude in Romance. 1974Y. V. Bromley in Grigulevich & Koslov Races & Peoples 34 A peculiar but..essential distinctive ethnic feature is ethnic consciousness, i.e., the awareness by members of a given ethnos of their affinity to it, this awareness being..manifested first of all by a common ethnonym. 1980― in E. Gellner Soviet & Western Anthropol. iii. 155 An ethnic community proper or ethnos in the general sense..may be defined as an historically formed aggregate of people who share relatively stable specific features of culture (including language) and psychology, an awareness of their unity and their difference from other similar groups, and an ethnonym which they have given themselves. 1983D. L. Gold in Comments on Etym. XII. 26 Some Hebrew-speakers interpret the informal Israeli Hebrew ethnonym yeke (which is clearly from Eastern Yiddish yeke) as being from (Heb.) yehudi Keshe-havana ‘Jew [who is] hard of understanding’ (Heb. yeke is spelled yod-kof-he). |