| 释义 |
ethology|iːˈθɒlədʒɪ|
[ad. L. ēthologia, a. Gr. ἠθολογία, f. ἠθολόγ-ος: see prec. and -logy.]
†1. The portrayal of character by mimic gestures: mimicry. Obs.—0
1656–81in Blount Glossogr. 1721–1800in Bailey.
†2. According to the Dicts.: The science of ethics; also, a treatise on manners or morals. Obs.
1678–1706in Phillips. 1721–1800in Bailey.
3. After J. S. Mill: The science of character-formation.
1843Mill Logic vi. v. §4 The laws of the formation of character..are to be obtained by, etc. A science is thus formed, to which I would propose to give the name of Ethology, or the science of character.
4. Zool. [Gr. ἦθος nature or disposition of animals; in pl., customs, haunts.] That branch of Natural History which deals with the actions and habits of animals, and their reaction to their environment; esp. the study of instinctive animal behaviour.
[1859I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire Histoire Naturelle Gen. des Règnes Organiques II. 285 C'est à l'éthologie..qu'appartient l'étude des relations des êtres organisés..dans l'agrégat et la communauté.] 1897Parker & Haswell Zool. I. 9 The whole question of the relation of the organism to its environment gives us a final and most important branch of Natural History which has been called Ethology or Bionomics. 1910W. M. Wheeler Ants viii. 124 Their ethology, that is, their functional aspect (physiology and psychology). 1956O. L. Zangwill in A. Pryce-Jones New Outl. Mod. Knowl. 170 A new type of behaviour study which endeavours to combine the rigours of scientific materialism with genuine understanding of the ways of animals..has been christened ethology. 1962Listener 9 Aug. 207/1 Ethology is a method developed for studying automatic behaviour in animals, by looking at their movements and postures, but it can also be applied to man. |