| 释义 |
▪ I. advance, v.|ædˈvɑːns, -æ-|
Forms: 3–6 avaunce, 3–5 avaunse, (4 avonci), 4–7 avance, 5 avanse (awawns Sc.), 5–6 advaunce, 6 avawnce (awance Sc.), 6– advance.
[a. OFr. avance-r, avancie-r:—pop. L. abanteā-re, f. late L. abante (Fr. avant) away before, f. ab off, away + ante before. The form advance, due to mistaking initial a for a representative of L. ad, as in a(d)venture, occasional in 15–16th c. French (in which, the d being mute, it was merely an artificial spelling) has been established in Eng. as a permanent perversion of the word. So in advantage. See ad- 2.]
I. To move forward in place.
1. a. trans. To move, put, or push (a thing) forward. Also fig.
1509Hawes Past. Pl. xxxiii. xvi, His glave he did agaynst me advaunce. 1611Heywood Gold. Age iii. i. 48 Brauely aduance your strong orbicular shields. 1667Milton P.L. ii. 682 Execrable shape, That dar'st, though grim and terrible, advance Thy mis-created Front athwart my way. 1718Pope Iliad xi. 721 Who spread their bucklers, and advance their spears. 1844Disraeli Coningsby vi. v. 240 The sofa which Sidonia had advanced to the middle of the room. 1875H. Rogers Superh. Orig. Bible ix. (ed. 3) 386 Man has advanced the frontier of physical science.
†b. refl. To move (oneself) forward. Obs.
1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 19/2, I shal avaunce me and goo to fore you into galylee. a1528Skelton Bowge of Courte 88 Auaunce yourselfe to aproche. 1610Holland Camden's Brit. (1637) 60 He..avanced himselfe before the ensignes on foot.
2. a. intr. (by omission of refl. pron.) To move or go forward; to proceed.
1513Douglas æneis vi. x. 116 Agane returnis he, and thay auance. 1607Shakes. Cor. i. iv. 25 Aduance, braue Titus. 1645Evelyn Mem. (1857) I. 161 After we were advanced into this noble and altogether wonderful crypt. 1725De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 330 They had by swimming and wading together advanced about a mile. 1839Keightley Hist. Eng. II. 43 The duke of Norfolk, as general of the royal forces, advanced to Doncaster. 1860Tyndall Glaciers i. §10. 65 The crevasses as I advanced became more deep and frequent.
b. Of a colour: to appear to be nearer to the eye than other colours in the same plane; to stand out.
1876S. R. Koehler tr. von Bezold's Theory of Color v. 197 Another point to which attention must be called concerns the advancing and retiring qualities of certain colors... Warm hues advance while the cold retire; if the brightness is not equal, the light colors advance while the dark retire. 1908J. A. H. Hatt Colorist vii. 41 Beside the distinction of luminous and sober in colors, we also have the attributes of warm and cold, also advancing and retiring. 1958Listener 24 July 131/2 This is well known to artists, who call red an advancing, and blue a receding colour.
3. intr. fig. To go forward or make progress in life, or in any course.
a1704Locke (J.) They who would advance in knowledge..should not take words for real entities. 1775Johnson in Boswell (Routl.) xxv. 224 As a man advances in life, he gets what is better than admiration,—judgment. 1865Ruskin Sesame 107 He only is advancing in life, whose heart is getting softer, whose blood warmer. 1866Crump Banking i. 14 We are surprised that neither the Greeks nor the Romans advanced further than they did [commercially].
4. trans. To forward any process or thing that is in course; to further, promote, help on, aid the success, completion, or perfection of.
c1230Ancren Riwle 156 Ðet tet swuðest auaunceð & furðreð hit, þet is onlich stude. 1297R. Glouc. 503 Thine cause..We auauncieth. 1393Gower Conf. III. 187 Wherof men ought ensample take The gode lawes to avaunce. c1420Pallad. on Husb. i. 1144 Thi bakhous therwith all thou maist avance. 1538Starkey England 3 To study to maynteyn and avaunce the wele of thys same your cuntrey. 1655Culpepper Riverius To Reader, All which wil very much advance the cure. 1799Wellesley Desp. 90 He advanced his hostile preparations. 1856Kane Arctic Explor. I. 20 The officials..vied with each other in efforts to advance our views.
5. refl. and intr. Of a process or thing in course: To go on towards completion or perfection.
1644Milton Educat. (1788) I. 140 If there were any secret excellence..[these ways would] give it fair opportunities to advance itself by. 1855Tennyson To F. D. Maurice 39 How gain in life, as life advances, Valour and charity more and more? 1875Fortnum Maiolica iv. 38 From 1520 to 1540 the art constantly advanced in this duchy. 1879C. Hibbs in Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 117/1 Tightened up with screws as the work advances.
6. To put forward (a statement, suggestion, or claim) for notice or acceptance; to put forth, to bring forward; to offer, propose, present.
1509Hawes Past. Pl. xii. v, Evermore they [poets] do to them avaunce Nurture, maner, and al gentylnes. 1665J. Spencer Proph. 29 They presently become considerable, are advanced the common Subjects of Discourse. 1699Bentley Phalaris The very learned Mr. Dodwell has advanced some other Arguments. 1718J. Chamberlayne Relig. Philos. (1730) II. xix. §45 It may be safely advanced that there falls about 20 inches of Rain yearly. 1829Southey All for Love ix. Wks. VII. 207 Claim to him as thy Bondsman thou Canst never more advance. 1848Ruskin Mod. Paint. I. 1. i. i. §4. 5, I have accordingly advanced nothing in the following pages but with accompanying demonstration.
II. To move forward in time.
7. trans. To make earlier (an event or date); to hasten, accelerate.
1481Caxton Myrrour iii. x. 153 They abregge their dayes and auaunce their deth. 1549Chaloner tr. Erasm. Moriae Enc. G iii b, Elde and horenes which his own wilfull studie avaunced to him before his tyme. 1611Tourneur Ath. Trag. v. ii. 149 All the wealthie benefits My death aduances you. 1854J. Abbott Napoleon xxxvii. (1855) I. 569 To advance the moment when the public rights of Europe..will be definitely established.
8. a. To make earlier the date of a payment; to pay before it is legally due. Hence, to pay or lend on security, either real or personal, of future re-imbursement.
1679–88Secr. Serv. Moneys (1851) 63 For interest and gratuity for advancing the Duchess of Portsmouth's quarter..25 daies {pstlg}12 5s. 5d. 1820Carey Guide to Funds 27 The Bank advanced {pstlg}400,000 more to government. 1882Charter-party, One third to be advanced in cash, on account of Freight, if required on signing Bill of Lading. Mod. The pawnbroker declined to advance more than 3 shillings on the article. I will advance him {pstlg}50 on your note-of-hand.
b. absol. with on.
1866Crump Banking iii. 84 Dock-warrant and bills of lading are frequently advanced on.
III. To move upward.
9. trans. To raise or lift up. lit. and fig. arch.
1475Bk. of Noblesse (1860) 22 Put forthe youre silf, avaunsing youre corageous hertis to werre. 1513Douglas æneis v. iv. 134 Thare happy chance So gan the breistis of the vtheris awance [v.r. avance]. 1610Shakes. Temp. i. ii. 408 The fringed Curtains of thine eyes aduance. 1624Heywood Gunaik. iii. 156 Advancing his wife from the earth. 1697Potter Antiq. of Greece iii. ix. (1715) 78 The signal to be given..was a Purple Coat, which was to be advanc'd in the Air. 1712Pope Messiah 25 See lofty Lebanon his head advance. 1814Wordsworth Wh. Doe of Ryl. iii. 158 At need he stood, advancing high The glittering, floating Pageantry.
10. a. trans. To raise or promote (a person) in rank or office, to prefer. Hence gen. To put in a better or more advantageous position.
1297R. Glouc. 77 And bihet hym, þat, ȝef þer of wel auaunsed he were To ȝelde more god to Rome. 1366Mandeville v. (1839) 38 Whan the Soudan will avance any worthi Knyghte, he makethe him an Amyralle. 1461–83Lib. Nig. Dom. in Househ. Ord. (1790) 50 The King's grace avaunceth these preests and clerks by prebends, churches, etc. 1538Elyot in Ellis Orig. Lett. i. 142 III. 115 My saide Lord Cardinal..advauncid me to be Clerk of the Counsayle. 1576Thynne in Animadv. (1865) 113 Good vertue hym advanced above the reste. 1611Bible Esther iii. 1 Ahasuerus..aduanced him, and set his seate aboue all the princes. 1667Milton P.L. viii. 148 Determin'd to advance into our room A Creature form'd of Earth. 1728Young Love of Fame iii. (1757) 106 The man that's nearest, yawning, they advance. 1876Freeman Norm. Conq. II. ix. 314 His eagerness to advance his family may well have offended others.
†b. construction transposed. Obs.
1623W. L'Isle Testim. Antiq. Pref., Oswald avoided out of the most notable Churches the Clarkes, and advanced the same places with men of the order of Monkes.
c. refl. To push oneself forward in rank or station.
1340Ayenb. 82 Hy ne þencheþ ne studieþ bote ham zelue to auonci. 1475Bk. of Noblesse (1860) 46 They alway avaunsid hem forthe withe the formost. 1563Homilies ii. (1859) 480 It shall make us not to avaunce ourselves before our neighbour.
11. Law. To provide for children, especially in anticipation of the provisions of a settlement or will.
1411Sir T. Langeforde in E.E. Wills (1882) 17 And it falle þat sche deie, or scheo be a-vauncyd, þan wille y þat þe forseyd C:li. be don for my sowle. 1574tr. Littleton, Tenures 55 b, Shee shall haue nothing in the remenaunt for that..she is sufficientlye advaunced. 1809Tomlins Law Dict. s.v. Hotchpot, If a child advanced by the father, do after his father's decease challenge a child's part with the rest.
†12. fig. To extol, to magnify (in words). refl. To boast. Obs. Cf. avaunt, vaunt.
1413Lydg. Pylgr. Sowle iii. iii. (1483) 51 Ful wel myght the bocher auauncen hym self, and seyn that al other bochers had nought so moch flesshe hangynge in theyr howses. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 267/1 He had no more wylle to auaunce hym. c1526Frith Disput. Purgat. (1829) 153 Bless the Lord; praise and advance him for ever. 1551Robinson tr. More's Utopia (1869) 44 You shall in vaine aduaunce your selues of executing iustice vpon fellons. 1633Bp. Hall Hard Texts 477 Thou advancest thyselfe to be as that glorious Cherub which covereth the Ark of God. 1660Jer. Taylor Worthy Commun. i. §5. 97 Let no man advance the preaching of the word of God, to the disparagement..of the Sacraments.
†13. To raise in amount or number, increase. Obs.
1576Lambarde Peramb. Kent (1826) 271 Lanfranc advaunced the number of the Monkes from 30 to 140. 1650Fuller Pisgah Sight iv. iv. 66 What a mass of money might he have advanced for himselfe.
14. To raise in rate or price.
1691Petty Polit. Arith. iv. 67 The Rent of Land is advanced by reason of Multitude of People. Mod. The Bank of England has advanced the rate of discount to 5%.
15. intr. To rise in price.
1882Daily News 19 Aug. 7/1 Brush Light shares advanced in a prominent manner..Indian Rupee Paper has fractionally advanced.
†16. intr. To be over in amount; to be in excess. (Cf. It. avanzare.) Obs.
1557North Dial. of Princes (1582) 26 To speake truely, in princes houses there is more offence in that that avaunceth then in that that wanteth. 1601Sir A. Sherley Trav. to Persia (1613) 71 All his Goods and Lands, should be sold, for the satisfaction of those men..If anything advanced, it should be giuen to his children.
IV. To advantage.
†17. trans. To advantage, benefit, profit (any one). Obs.
c1386Chaucer Prol. 246 It may not avance, As for to delen with no swiche pouraille.
†18. intr. To be advantaged; to benefit, profit. Obs.
c1440Cokwolds Daunce 165 in E.P.P. 45 Ffor any cas that may be tyde, Schall non ther of a vanse.
▪ II. advance, n.|ædˈvɑːns, -æ-|
[partly a. Fr. avance, n. of action, f. avancer, partly subst. use of Eng. vb.; see prec.]
I. A going forward, onward, or upward.
1. The action of going forward or onward; forward motion; progression (in space). Also ellipt. The order (bugle-call) to move forward.
a1674Clarendon (J.) The manner of the enemy's advance. 1815Scott Ld. of Isles v. xx, When, in retreat or in advance, The serried warriors move at once. 1858Hawthorne Fr. & Ital. Jrnls. (1872) I. 4 This my first advance into French territory. 1868Queen's Regul. & Ord. Army §1131 When the train is ready to proceed the Advance will be sounded.
2. a. fig. Onward movement in any process or course of action; progress.
1668Pepys Diary (1877) V. 323 Thence to Cooper's, and saw his advance on my wife's picture. 1751Johnson Rambler No. 147 ⁋3, I made very quick advances in different kinds of learning. 1855Tennyson Maud i. i. vii, These are the days of advance, the works of the men of mind. 1859Buckle in Fraser's Mag. May 509 Who, among our living writers, had done most for the advance of knowledge.
b. A step forward, a degree of progress actually accomplished.
1860Dickens Lett. (1880) II. 110 It is a very great advance on all your former writing.
3. A personal approach; a movement towards closer acquaintance or understanding; an overture. Esp. in pl., amorous overtures or approaches.
1678Dryden All for Love iv. (R.) Th' advance of kindness which I made, was feign'd. 1692Lond. Gaz. mmdccxxx/1 The Pope's Ministers think there have already been Advances enough made on their side. a1706C. Sackville in Johnson Wks. Eng. Poets (1779) XI. 202 She never stays till we begin, But beckons us herself to sin..Desire's asleep, and cannot wake, When women such advances make. 1802Wellesley Desp. 218 The Resident has prudently rejected every advance of this nature. 1817Coleridge Sibylline Leaves 137 True, I woo'd her..but she Met my advances with empassion'd pride. 1842Macaulay Fredk. Gt. in Ess. (1877) 690 Frederic had some time before made advances towards a reconciliation with Voltaire. 1891G. Moore Impressions & Opin. 138 The Duke would make some absent-minded advances, which in an absent-minded way would be repelled. 1898G. B. Shaw Philanderer ii. 108 No woman writes such a letter to a man unless he has made advances to her. 1959M. Cumberland Murmurs in Rue Morgue xi. 71 Men don't make ‘advances’ any longer. Modern man propositions a girl. 1959D. Eden Sleeping Bride ii. 10 Teaching English to..French children was one thing, but having to fight off advances from their father was another.
4. A rise in amount, value, or price.
1677A. Yarranton Eng. Improv. 153 There would be ten thousand pound per annum advance in the Kings Customs yearly. 1866Crump Banking vii. 155 An advance in the Bank of England rate of discount. 1882Daily News 23 Aug. 7/1 Austrian Gold Rente showing an advance of 1/4 per cent.
†5. An elevation; a rise (in space). Obs. rare.
1655Lestrange Chas. I, 137 The Communion Table..placed at the East end, upon a graduated advance of ground.
II. A putting forward.
†6. The action of forwarding; furtherance; advancement. Obs.
1528–1696in Sel. fr. Harl. Misc. (1793) 412 The end for which they at first were chosen, viz. The advance of their protector's interest.
†7. The putting forward of statements; the statement put forward; assertion, allegation. Obs.
1699Bentley Phalaris 235 Mr. B.'s advances upon this Topic.
8. Payment beforehand or in anticipation; payment on security of future re-imbursement. Hence, a sum of money so furnished, a loan.
1681Neville Plato Rediv. 81 Who may Imploy their Advance to better profit elsewhere. 1727Arbuthnot John Bull 104 We have something by way of advance. 1727Swift Wks. 1755 III. i. 153 A week's wages advance. 1786Burke Agst. W. Hastings Wks. 1842 II. 188 The advance to the company's use of a sum of money, amounting to fifty thousand pounds. 1866Crump Banking iii. 84 Life assurance policies are almost invariably objected to as security for advances.
9. A briefing given (to a political figure) before an event; preparation (esp. by local publicity) for the visit of a public figure. Cf. advance man, sense 12 a below. U.S.
1968Mrs. L. B. Johnson White House Diary 5 Apr. (1970) 651, I knew that I was about to go home by car for a fifteen-minute advance before the press arrived at the Ranch on the bus. 1971New Yorker 12 June 30 ‘Good advance’ means that the candidate is mobbed at the airport by fervent, unmanageable crowds. 1979H. Kissinger White House Years xix. 742 Whisked by a group of Communist Chinese to locations for which there had been no ‘advance’ and in which they would have no way of telling who constituted a security risk.
III. A being forward.
10. The state or position of being before, to the front, or above; precedence, anticipation. Usually in advb. phr. in advance:
a. Of place, In front, ahead;
b. Of time, Beforehand;
c. In the position of having advanced money on account. Also prep. phr. in advance of: Before, in front of, ahead of, beyond.
1668Child Disc. Trade (ed. 4) 11 Much in advance of the rates of goods. 1742Young Night Th. vii. 89 Men perish in advance, as if the sun Should set ere noon. 1761Smollett Gil Blas x. vii. (1802) III. 142, I paid the first year's annuity per advance. 1786Jefferson Writings (1859) II. 2 Without this supply, Mr. Grand would have been in advance for the United States. 1851Ruskin Mod. Paint. (1856) IV. v. v. §22. 82 Which I could not refer to in advance without anticipating all my other illustrations. 1860Tyndall Glaciers i. §1. 1 As wood opens in advance of a wedge driven into it. 1869Huxley in Sci. Opin. 21 Apr. 464/1 Hutton was in advance of the geological speculation of his time.
IV.
†11. One who has been advanced to office. (Prob. for Fr. avancé.) Obs. rare.
1496Dives & Pauper (W. de Worde) iv. xxiv. 191/2 Patrons fynde full ofte ther auaunces full unkynde to them & full proude.
V.
12. a. Comb. and attrib., as advance-account,advance agent, advance announcement, advance-freight, advance notice, advance publicity; advance copy, a copy of a book sent out in advance of publication; advance growth (see quots.); advance(d) guard, a guard before or in front of the main body of an army; also fig., = avant-garde 2; advance man N. Amer., one sent ahead to make preparations for the visit of a politician († formerly, of a performing company), esp. by attracting crowds; advance-money, -payment = advance n. 8; advance note (see quot. 1886); advance-proofs, -sheets, parts of a forth-coming work supplied previously to its publication.
1882Sweet & Knox Texas Siftings 38 Do you think I am the advance agent of a variety show? 1897Congress. Rec. Mar. 177/1 That grand advance agent of prosperity, William McKinley.
1885Art Annual 1 (Advt.), Advance, Announcements from the Prospectus for 1885/86.
1899Academy 25 Nov. 591 Mr. Donnelly conceived the request to be for an advance copy. 1903E. Almack Eikon Basilike Pref. p. iv, The present edition has been set up from an ‘advance copy’ of the first edition.
1891W. Schlich Man. Forestry II. ii. 155 In almost every mature wood groups of young growth are found, which have sprung up here and there before the regeneration cuttings have been commenced; such young growth is called ‘advance growth’. 1953Brit. Commonw. For. Terminol. i. 11 Advance growth, young trees which have established themselves in openings in the forest, or under the forest cover, before regeneration fellings are begun.
1677Lond Gaz. mccxliv. 4 Troops of the two Armies, who had the Advanced-guards. 1758in Essex Inst. Coll. XVIII. 113 The Advance Guard..have cleared off the Trees and built Breastworks. 1876Bancroft Hist. U.S. III. x. 435 Virginia volunteers formed the advance-guard. 1898G. B. Shaw Our Theatres in Nineties (1932) III. 309 That is why Mr Pinero, as a critic of the advanced guard in modern life, is unendurable to me. 1931C. St. John E. Terry & B. Shaw 297 His refusal..made him specially obnoxious to the advance guard of the drama. 1959Times 20 Feb. 11/6 Poplar became the advanced guard in London Labour. 1959Times Lit. Suppl. 6 Nov. p. xxix/1 Advance guard Americans are convinced..that..Abstract Expressionism radiates the world over.
1906Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 1 Jan. 16/3 The Savage Opera company in which the advance man says there are 200 people will present grand opera in English at the Victoria theatre. 1970Time 2 Nov. 7/1 Ron Walker, Nixon's chief advance man, told the police to let the protesters in. 1973M. Truman Harry S. Truman i. 31 These days candidates send swarms of advance men into every city before they arrive. They are equipped with lavish amounts of money and every known publicity device.
1701Lond. Gaz. mmmdccxi. 1 The 50000 Pistoles which the French were to pay him by way of Advance-money.
1845Act 8 & 9 Vict. c. 116 §7 The Owner..of any Merchant Ship..shall not pay or advance, nor give..an Advance Note for any Part of the Wages of any Seaman [etc.]. 1886Encycl. Brit. XXI. 606/1 Advance notes—that is, documents promising the future payment of money on account of a seaman's wages conditionally on his going to sea.
1900T. E. Pemberton Kendals 281 If this much-advertised play were as original, as artistic, as great as the advance notices have painted it.
1880Paper & Print. Trades Jrnl. No. 32, 27 The plates, advance-proofs of which we have seen.
1932D. L. Sayers Have his Carcase iv. 56 Good advance publicity means sales.
1870Power Handy-bk. ab. Bks. 91 Advance sheets..supplied elsewhere previous to publication, generally for simultaneous reproduction.
b. attrib. passing into adj. Effected (placed, given, provided, etc.) in advance; prior. Freq. as advance notice, advance warning.
a1910‘Mark Twain’ What is Man? (1917) 268 There were other advance-advertisements. One of them appeared just before Caesar Augustus was born... It was a dream..[of] Caesar Augustus's mother, and interpreted at the usual rates. 1933Rep. Departmental Comm. Traffic Signs (Ministry of Transport) v. 55 Advance warning signs should not be provided unless owing to a turn in the road, or for some other reason, signals are not visible at a distance of at least 100 yards. 1936Variety 29 July 42/3 (heading) Not much advance sale for two suspended N.Y. hits. 1940Gloss. Highway Engin. Terms (B.S.I.) 63 Advance sign, a sign or device placed at such a distance before a road junction is reached as to give early direction and guidance to traffic. 1962E. Roosevelt Autobiogr. xviii. 147, I visited as many government projects as possible, often managing to arrive without advance notice so that they could not be polished up for my inspection. 1972Accountant 25 Sept. 378/1 The three aims of avoiding transitional penalties, securing a windfall ACT (advance corporation tax) relief for dividends paid before that date and escaping an ACT forfeit for dividends paid after it. 1979A. Hailey Overload i. ii. 13 Perhaps the intruder had advance information about the layout of the plant, though this would not have been essential.
Sense V. 12 in Dict. becomes VI. 13. Add: V. 12. Chiefly Photogr. The mechanism which moves the film forward in a camera; esp. in film advance [orig. the infin. of advance v. in attrib. use. Also transf.]
[1957J. Deschin Exakta Photogr. 20/2 The simultaneous film-advance and shutter-wind knob.] 1978Emanuel & Mannheim All-in-One Camera Bk. 106 The film advance..winds the exposed piece of film out of the camera's film window to bring a fresh section into position. 1984J. Partridge One Touch Photogr. 46 It is easy, with the automatic advance, to take extra pictures which will be considerably cheaper than reprints. 1986Camera Weekly 15 Nov. 33 (Advt.), A quality slide projector—includes auto slide advance. 1992Buying Cameras July 81/3 Classy model with razor sharp lens, but it's rather large and has an unusual film advance. |