| 释义 |
excitation|ɛksɪˈteɪʃən|
Also 5–6 exce-, excitacion, -ioun, excytacyon.
[a. F. excitation, ad. L. excitātiōn-em, n. of action f. excitāre to excite.]
1. a. The action of exciting (in various senses of the verb); an instance of this. † by (a person's) excitation: at (a person's) instigation. rare or arch. in general sense.
c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xxxi. 139 Thurgh comforth of þaire wordes and þe excitacioun of þaim, we schrafe vs clene and herd messe. 1462Edw. IV. in Ellis Orig. Lett. ii. 41 I. 127 The malicious counseyle and exitacion of Margaret his wife. c1489Caxton Blanchardyn xx. (1890) 69 The..impetuous excitacions, that often tymes thy messangers made vnto me. 1548Hall Chron. 99 A man, that..confessed, that he was there by myne excitacion. 1587Fleming Contn. Holinshed III. 1413/1 Bookes conteining false, seditious, and slanderous matter..to the excitation of insurrection. c1630Jackson Creed iv. iii. Wks. III. 462 The excitation of God's gifts in us, whereby we are united to Christ. 1681–6J. Scott Chr. Life (1747) III. 95 His Excitation of the Graces of Prayer in us, is called his making Intercession for us. 1788V. Knox Winter Even. xlv, The alternate excitation of hope and fear is attended with considerable delight. 1836–7Sir W. Hamilton Metaph. xxx. (1870) II. 214 The ceaseless excitation of the mind to new knowledge.
b. In various physical senses: † the process of setting in motion; † contagion (of a putrid substance); calling forth (of heat, sound, etc.); the exciting (an organ or tissue) by an external stimulus.
1541R. Copland Guydon's Form. T iv, The helpes for woundes composed with corrupte sores are they that requyre excytacyon. 1557Sarum Primer E iv, Rejoyse, bicause he ascended..into heaven again By his proper excitacion. 1626Bacon Sylva §330 The Second [means to induce Putrefaction] is by Inuitation or Excitation; as when a Rotten Apple lieth close to another Apple that is Sound. 1831Brewster Nat. Magic. xiii. 331 Highly expansive elements..called into tremendous action by the excitation of heat. 1862H. Spencer First Princ. (1867) §79 The order of excitation is from muscles that are small..to those which are larger. 1866Huxley Phys. ix. (1872) 222 The excitation of the retina proper.
2. A means of excitement, an influence that excites; a stimulus, encouragement, instigation. arch.
1627–77Feltham Resolves i. lxxxviii. 136 Music..as the Spartans used it..served still for an excitation to Valor. 1670Devout Commun. (1688) 65 Descend into my heart by the excitations of thy grace. 1755Taylor Let. in E. Law Th. Relig. 402 The subject yields..the warmest, and strongest excitations to piety. 1817M. Edgeworth Ormond xxiii. (1832) 280 Tommy, with this excitation..soon got to the head of his class. 1819Southey Lett. (1856) III. 163 Here is a fellow publishing the most direct excitations to assassination and rebellion. 1877Mrs. Oliphant Makers Flor. viii. 212 His example was a continued..excitation to his brethren.
3. The state of being excited, excitement; an instance of this. Now somewhat rare.
1393Gower Conf. III. 20 They two [Galba and Vitelle] through her dronkenhede Of witles excitation Oppressed all the nacion Of Spaine. 1638Rouse Heav. Univ. v. (1702) 49 Kindling them unto a more Incentive Excitation. 1698tr. Fenelon's Maxims of Saints 53 All hasty and unquiet Excitation fore-running Grace. 1830Coleridge Table-t. 1 May, It is said that every excitation is followed by a commensurate exhaustion. 1876Geo. Eliot Dan. Der. iii. xxiii, His temperament was still in a state of excitation.
4. Electricity and Magnetism. The action or process of inducing an electric or magnetic condition; the condition so induced.
1656tr. Hobbes' Elem. Philos. (1839) 526 As for jet, it must first be excited by rubbing..whereas the loadstone hath sufficient excitation from its own nature. 1709Hauksbee Phys.-Mech. Exp. ii. (1719) 71 The Easie Excitation of the Electrical Matter. 1822J. Imison Sc. & Art I. 322 The simple rubber. will produce a very slight excitation of the cylinder. 1846J. Joyce Sci. Dial. iii. Electr. 359 Electrical machines..so formed as, by excitation to collect Electricity. 1871Tyndall Fragm. Sc. (ed. 6) I. xiii. 375 Its polar excitation is at once manifested.
5. Physics.
a. The action or process of causing the emission of a characteristic spectrum of radiation by a substance.
1914O. W. Richardson Electron Theory of Matter xx. 532 When the green mercury line is used for excitation it is found that..the fluorescent lines are made up of fine lines having a structure similar to the..absorption lines covered by the exciting spectrum. 1922A. D. Udden tr. Bohr's Theory of Spectra ii. ii. 34 Experiments on the excitation of spectral lines and production of ionization by electron bombardment. 1963R. W. Ditchburn Light (ed. 2) xvii. 657 (heading) Excitation of spectra by slow electrons.
b. The action or process of raising an atom, etc. to a state of higher energy. Freq. attrib.
1921Chem. Abstr. XV. 1854 The excitation of an atom by electron impact consists in the removal of an electron from a stationary orbit to one with a higher quantum number. 1923Ibid. XVII. 683 Their excitation potentials were not accurately det[ermine]d. 1931Nature 30 May 838/1 An accurate experimental determination of excitation energy by electron impact in helium. 1951L. H. Snyder in Frontiers in Medicine (N.Y. Acad. Med.) 52 Excitation is the raising of an electron in a molecule or atom to a state of higher energy. 1958W. K. Mansfield Elem. Nucl. Physics i. 7 An excited state is one in which energy is given to the atom, either by collisions, or by absorption of electromagnetic radiant energy, permitting the electron to revolve in an empty outer orbit. The energy required to produce this change is known as the excitation energy. 1968M. S. Livingston Particle Physics x. 170 One type is the excitation function which is a plot of the yeild of products from a particle interaction as a function of bombarding energy. |