| 释义 |
▪ I. exhale, v.1|ɛgz-, ɛksˈheɪl|
Forms: 5 exale, 6 exhall, 7 exhael, 8 exhal, 7– exhale.
[ad. F. exhaler, ad. L. exhālā-re to breathe out, evaporate, f. ex- out + hālāre to breathe.]
I. To give, pass, or draw off in vapour.
1. trans. To breathe, give forth, or disengage from the surface; to send up (fumes, gas, vapour, etc.): to give off in vapour. Also fig.
a1628Sir J. Beaumont Epiph. in Farr S.P. Jas. I (1848) 144 We shall exhale our vapours vp direct. 1664Power Exp. Philos. i. 29 It had lost near two drams of its former weight, which was exhaled by insensible Transpiration. 1667Milton P.L. v. 421 Nor doth the Moon no nourishment exhale, From her moist Continent to higher Orbes. 1727De Foe Syst. Magic i. iv. (1840) 103 The vapours which by their acquired heat they have exhaled. 1772Sir W. Jones Laura Poems (1777) 80 Every bower exhal'd the sweets of May. 1805W. Saunders Min. Waters 248 This mineral water..exhales no perceptible smell. 1849M. Somerville Connex. Phys. Sc. xxvii. 301 They [plants] exhale oxygen. 1870Emerson Soc. & Solit., Civiliz. Wks. (Bohn) III. 38 Eloquence..may warm itself until it exhales symbols of every kind and colour. 1878Huxley Physiogr. 67 Water..exhaled from the leaves of plants and from the lungs and skin of animals.
2. intr. Of vapour, perfume, † heat, etc.: To pass off into the air. Of a liquid, etc.: To pass off as vapour; to evaporate. Const. from, out of.
c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. ii. iii. 149 (MS. B) Spirites exaleþ whyche þat buþ frendys, boþe to þe body & eke to þe soule. c1420Pallad. on Husb. i. 303 Se the floode be goode ther thou will duelle: For ofte of it exaleth myst impure. 1626Bacon Sylva §399 Fire doth lick up the Spirits and Blood of the Body, so as they exhale. 1641French Distill. iii. (1651) 66 Let it be melted..with a soft fire, that all the moisture may exhale. 1707Curios. in Husb. & Gard. 257 Cover the Earth with good Straw-Mats, that the Heat may not exhale. 1718J. Chamberlayne Relig. Philos. (1730) II. xviii. §6 The same has been observed as to Acid Liquors, by the sowre Smell that exhales from them. 1799G. Smith Laborat. I. 329 When the matrass is made red hot, sulphurous matters will exhale. 1860Emerson Cond. Life, Worship Wks. (Bohn) II. 407 When flowers reach their ripeness, incense exhales from them.
b. transf. and fig.
1621Burton Anat. Mel. i. ii. iv. vii, As if all our dearest friends lives had exhaled with his. 1667Milton P.L. vii. 255 When Orient Light Exhaling first from Darkness they beheld. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 710 His Hopes exhal'd in empty Smoke. 1849–50Alison Hist. Europe III. xviii. §35. 561 His indignation exhaled in a letter to the Count d'Artois. 1858Hawthorne Fr. & It. Jrnls. I. 174 The illusion and lifelikeness..exhales out of a picture as it grows old.
3. Phys. and Path. Of animal fluids: To pass off in minute quantities through a membrane or blood-vessel. Also in pass.
c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 126 (MS. A) Þei loken if ony þing exale out bi þilke rimelle—as blod or ony other mater. 1830R. Knox Béclard's Anat. 79 The fluid which the ultimate ramifications of the arteries exhale in it [the cellular tissue]. 1834McMurtrie Cuvier's Anim. Kingd. 19 The extremities of the vessels simply spread themselves over large surfaces, whence the produced fluid exhales. 1836Todd Cycl. Anat. I. 401/1 Blood is..rarely exhaled at the internal surface of the bladder. 1865Morn. Star 23 Feb., The blood merely oozes through the coats of the relaxed vessels—in medical phrase we say it is exhaled.
4. trans. To draw up or drive off in the form of vapour; to evaporate; rarely, † to draw up (a vapour); to draw out the perfume of (e.g. a rose).
1589Nashe in Greene's Menaphon Pref. (Arb.) 9 The Sea exhaled by drops, will in continuance be drie. 1592Shakes. Rom. & Jul. iii. v. 13 Yon Light..is some Meteor that the Sun exhales. 1622T. Scott Belg. Pismire 53 The Sunne exhales vapours from the Sea. 1626Bacon Sylva §413 The November Rose is the sweetest, having been less exhaled by the Sun. 1641French Distill. iii. (1651) 65 These Salts must..be calcined, which is done by exhaling their flegme. 1707Curios. in Husb. & Gard. 235 A prodigious Quantity of clear Water must be exhal'd, to get an Ounce of dry Sediments. 1825Scott Talism. i, Bitumen and sulphur, which the burning sun exhaled from the waters of the lake. 1836Emerson Nature, Prospects Wks. (Bohn) II. 173 The..filths of nature, the sun shall dry up, and the wind exhale.
b. transf. and fig.
1588Shakes. L.L.L. iv. iii. 70 Thou, faire Sun, which on my earth doest shine, Exhalest this vapor-vow. 1632J. Hayward tr. Biondi's Eromena 105 Teares..not sufficient to exhale and evaporate the heavinesse of her heart. 1725–6Pope Odyss. xxii. 431 The warm sun exhales their soul away.
II. To breathe or blow forth from within.
5. To breathe out (life, soul, words, a prayer, etc.).
1589Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 57 Hee exhaled into his eyes such deepe impression of his perfection, as that, etc. c1611Chapman Iliad xviii. 196 Twelue men, of greatest strength in Troy, left with their liues exhald. a1619M. Fotherby Atheom. i. xiii. §3 (1622) 140 In these miserable torments, they both..exhaled their execrable soules. a1638Mede Chr. Sacrif. v. Wks. ii. (1672) 362 An Oration exhaled..from sanctified Souls. 1816J. Wilson City of Plague i. i. 355 And silent words Of mercy breathed from heaven will be exhaled..into thy wither'd heart. 1885Clodd Myths & Dr. ii. ix. 203 The Romans, conceived the soul..as exhaled with the dying breath.
6. To blow off (as steam); chiefly fig. to get rid of (enthusiasm, wrath, etc.) as if by blowing. Also, to exhale oneself. Cf. blow v. 10.
1745Fortunate Orphan 237, I exhaled my Grief in the bitterest Exclamations. 1802M. Edgeworth Moral T. (1816) I. xi. 92 A...suffered him to exhale his passion in..oaths. 1831T. L. Peacock Crotchet Castle viii. 104 To narrate his misadventures, and exhale his budget of grievances. 1845Darwin in Life & Lett. (1887) I. 341, I have exhaled myself with a paragraph or two in my journal on the sin of Brazilian slavery. 1860Piesse Lab. Chem. Wonders 9 Sulphur is exhaled from the volcanoes at the time of their activity. 1860W. Collins Wom. White ii. narr. viii. 245, I..exhale the rest of my enthusiasm in the open air. 1867Month 512, I could not exhale my wrath before his grace.
7. intr. To make an expiration; opposed to inhale.
1863Tyndall Heat iii. 54 When we exhale, we pour out from the lungs carbonic acid.
Hence exˈhaled ppl. a. (in senses 1 and 4).
1593Shakes. Lucr. 779 Let their exhaled unwholesome breaths make sick The life of purity. 1596― 1 Hen. IV, v. i. 19 Will you..be no more an exhall'd Meteor. 1635Swan Spec. M. v. §2 (1643) 180 That which we call a fired whirl⁓wind, being an exhaled blast set on fire.
▪ II. † exˈhale, v.2 Obs.
Also 6 exhall.
[f. ex- prefix + hale v.]
To drag out or draw forth.
1. trans. To drag (a person) away; to draw (a thing) out of. Also absol. to draw (a sword) from the scabbard.
1599Shakes. Hen. V, ii. i 66 O Braggard vile..The Graue doth gape, and doting death is neere, Therefore exhale. 1601B. Jonson Poetaster iii. i. Wks. (Rtldg.) 116/1 Nay, I beseech you, gentlemen, do not exhale me thus. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1673) 400 A mouse being flead..and put unto a wound.. will presently..exhale and draw them [the head of a dart, etc.] out of the same. 1615T. Adams Spir. Navigators 34 Couetous wretches, that would dig to the Center to exhale riches.
b. To cause (blood, tears) to flow. Const. from. (Prob. influenced by exhale v. 4.)
1594Shakes. Rich. III, i. ii. 58 'Tis thy presence that exhales this blood From cold and empty Veines. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. ix. (1632) 633 These words exhaled ioyfull teares from many of the hearers. 1613W. Browne Brit. Past. i. v, That did from Fida's eyes salt teares exhale.
2. To draw up; raise (a person) to a higher position. rare. Cf. exalt v. 2.
1595Markham Sir R. Grinvile B vij b, Thou..Whom men adore, and all the gods exhall [rime call] Into the books of endlesse memorie. 1604Drayton Owle 689 They whose Minds should be exhal'd and hie. 1647Ward Simp. Cobler 48 When Kings rise higher than they should, they exhale Subjects higher than they would. |