| 释义 |
▪ I. exit, n.|ˈɛksɪt|
[Two formations: (1) a. L. exit, 3rd pers. sing. ind. of L. exīre to go out, f. ex- out + īre to go; (2) ad. L. exitus (u- stem) going out, departure, n. of action f. exīre.
In the subst. use the two formations often do not admit of being distinguished; senses B. 1–3 appear to belong chiefly to the first, while B. 4 (at least chiefly) and B. 5 belong to the second.]
A. Lat. phr.
1. Used as a Latin word in stage directions; formerly exeat was also used. Also transf.
[c1485Digby Myst. ii. 244 Et exiat Deus. Ibid. iv. 1423 Tunc exit Iohannes; et dicit Petrus.] 1538Bale Thre Lawes 743 Awaye now wyll I rounde. Exit. 1593Shakes. Rich. II, i. iii. 248 Six yeares we banish him, and he shall go. Exit. a1652Brome Love-sick Court iii. i, And kill'd the Patient was but sick before. Exit. 1747Smollett Regicide iv. vi, I hope to see thee bloom With vernal freshness, and again unfold Thy beauties to the sun! [Exit Dunbar]. 1817Coleridge Biog. Lit. II. 282 So exit Clotilda, and enter Bertram. 1826Disraeli Viv. Grey iv. iv, Come, a bon-mot, or a Calembourg, or exit Mr. Vivian Grey.
B. n.
1. a. The departure of a player from the stage.
1588Shakes. L.L.L. v. ii. 598 Keepe some state in thy exit, and vanish. 1600― A.Y.L. ii. vii. 141 They haue their Exits and their Entrances. 1648C. Walker Relat. & Observ. 18 My Exit shall be accompanied with an applauze. 1711Steele Spect. No. 51 ⁋6 When the Actors made their Exit. 1802M. Edgeworth Moral T. (1816) I. xx. 192 The eyes of all..were upon her, as she made her exit.
b. transf. and fig.
a1652J. Smith Sel. Disc. vi. 231 This sleep was upon the exit of his vision. 1685Gracian's Courtiers Orac. 58 The difficult matter is to have the same applause at ones exit. 1843Carlyle Past & Pr. (1858) 234 The last exit of us all is in a Fire-Chariot of Pain. 1874Morley Compromise (1886) 126 Progress would mean something more than mere entrances and exits on the theatre of office.
c. esp. Departure from the scene of life; death.
1661Feltham Lusoria xxiii. On Sir R. Cotton, He scorn'd an Exit by the common means. 1684–5in Ellis Orig. Lett. i. 382 III. 338 He made as very glorious christian exit..as ere was known. 1768–74Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) II. 448 Such of our malefactors as make a penitent exit. 1794Scott in Lockhart Life I. vii. 222, I stayed..in town to witness the exit of the cidevant Jacobin, Mr. Watt.
2. a. A going out or forth, a departure from any place or situation; an emergence; also, liberty or opportunity to go out, passage out of any place.
1659T. Pecke Parnassi Puerp. 4 Sowre is the Exit..Of the salacious Cyprian Emperess. 1665Glanvill Sceps. Sci. vi. 26 They might finde an easie..exit almost everywhere. 1713Derham Phys. Theol. vii. iv. 390 There should be one part provided for the Formation of the Body before it's Exit into the World. 1816J. Smith Panorama Sc. & Art II. 320 The cover should contain two holes, one for the exit of the steam, etc. 1829Lytton Devereux iv. i, No one had perceived their entrance or exit. 1849James Woodman xxxv, The man had just given admission or exit to some one. 1860Maury Phys. Geog. Sea viii. §393 There is sometimes, if not always, another exit of warm water from the Indian Ocean. 1884Bower & Scott De Bary's Phaner. & Ferns 271 A leaf-trace consisting of a single bundle, which does not divide into three bundles till its exit at the node into the leaf.
fig.1791Paine Rts. Man (ed. 4) 72 This species of imaginary consequence..hastens to its exit. 1862Merivale Rom. Emp. (1865) VI. l. 175 Life, she urged, is over; nought remains to look for but a decent exit from it. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) IV. 76 Forgetfulness is the exit of memory.
b. Cards (esp. Bridge). A means of deliberately relinquishing the lead; also, the action of doing this. Freq. attrib.
1935Bridge Mag. Oct. 231/1 Possibly the term ‘exit play’ is not the best name for the manœuvre of which I speak. It is called an end play, or an elimination, or a throw-in. 1959Listener 24 Sept. 506/2 If South has a doubleton club he will have the safe exit which was denied him. 1960T. Reese Play Bridge with Reese iii. 20, I have got to eliminate their cards of exit.
†3. The last portion or end of anything. Obs.
1627–77Feltham Resolves i. xlviii. 76 The exit of the Verse will tell him. 1664Evelyn Sylva (1776) 125 Towards the exit of January, or early in February.
4. A channel of egress; an outlet. Esp. a door affording exit from a public building. Also attrib.
1695Woodward Nat. Hist. Earth iii. i. §4 The rest [of the rain]..cannot make its Way to Wells, the perpendicular Fissures, or the like Exits. 1786Gilpin Observ. Mts. & Lakes I. 165 At the conclusion of this..amphitheatre..we found an exit. 1881Jowett Thucyd. I. 66 An enclosure..which was surrounded by a great ditch and had no exit. 1881D'Oyly Carte in W. Hamilton Aesthetic Movement (1882) 39 There are exits and entrances on all four sides, giving two exits from every part of the house. 1890A. Lansdowne Life's Remin. Scotland Yard xiii, To leave the Monument Station by the exit staircase. 1911Encycl. Brit. XXV. 766/1 Exit doors must open outwards. 1939Joyce Finnegans Wake (1964) 127 Endurses his doom at chapel exit.
5. = L. exitus terræ.
[1597Skene De Verb. Sign. s.v., Exitus Terræ, the rentes, fruites, and profites of the land.] 1866Rogers Agric. & Prices I. xxviii. 674 The exits of the manor are little more than a fourth of the amount recorded in 1332.
6. attrib. and Comb. exit-pipe, exit speech; exit cue, the cue for an actor to make his exit; exit line, the line spoken by an actor before making his exit; also transf.; exit permit, visa, a permit or visa authorizing a person to leave a particular country; exit poll Pol. (orig. U.S.), an unofficial poll in which people leaving a polling station are asked how they have voted, used in predicting the result of an election.
1860G. Vandenhoff Dramatic Rem. xiii. 200 If he perceived any eggs or harder missiles flying, not to wait, but to take the first shot for his exit-cue.
1919A. Platt Pract. Hints Playwriting viii. 108 An exit line should be so written that it can be spoken at the door. 1933F. Baldwin Innocent Bystander xvi. 306 That's always a good exit line.
1941Koestler Scum of Earth 232 Both Breitscheid and Hilferding had visas for the United States, but their French exit permits had been refused. 1955G. Greene Quiet American i. i. 9 The police..could..refuse me an exit permit.
1852–9Todd Cycl. Anat. IV. 464/1 Their usual exit-pipe is no longer open.
1980Washington Post 2 Apr. a12 Exit polls showed Reagan picking up as many Democratic crossover votes as Anderson was. 1984Gainesville (Florida) Sun 31 Mar. 5a/2 Time and resources are spent on ‘exit polls’ to predict results before voting has even ended. 1987Oxf. Diocesan Mag. Aug. 10/1 The polls remained..stable (except for that curiously errant ‘exit poll’ put out by the bbc which accepted the possibility of a hung parliament).
1859Geo. Eliot A. Bede 7 With this exit speech..Wiry Ben shouldered his basket and left the workshop.
1949H. Read Gauguin 1848–1903 3/1 A world where innocence and naïveté no longer exist, where currency restrictions and exit visas effectively deprive us of even Gauguin's illusion of liberty. 1968Listener 23 May 657/1 An exit visa from Vietnam now costs a fortune in bribes.
Add:[B.] [4.] b. Any of the designated places at which a vehicle may leave a major road, esp. a motorway or (U.S.) freeway, by driving off on to a slip road; a slip road of this kind.
1959N.Y. Times 28 May 22/6 Congestion..can be avoided by using the Willis Avenue cut-off, one exit to the west. 1968Highway Code 24 If you find that you are heading away from where you want to go, you must carry on until you reach the next exit. 1980A.A. Bk. Driving 65/4 Get off the motorway at the next exit..or at the first service area. 1985Truck & Driver June 29/4 If you're on the M6 take the exit 20 while if you're on the M56 turn off at junction 9 and follow the signposts to Lymm in both cases.
[6.] exit wound, a wound made by a bullet or other missile passing out of a body (cf. entrance wound s.v. *entrance n. 8 b).
1901G. H. Makins Surg. Experiences S. Afr. iii. 59 The general tendency of the margins, and even the area surrounding the *exit wound itself, to be somewhat prominent. 1974Passmore & Robson Compan. Med. Stud. III. ii. lxv. 19/1 Bullets through the head tend to cause smaller entrance than exit wounds.
▸ exit strategy n. orig. U.S. a plan for withdrawal, esp. from a military operation or business venture.
1973Odessa (Texas) Amer. 26 Aug. 5 d/8 Stephen A. Wakefield of the Interior Department said Phase IV controls on oil and gas are ‘intended as an *exit strategy from the whole wretched, frustrating business over the free interchange of goods and services’. 1975R. A. Falk Global Approach to National Policy ix. 146 Prowar sentiment had virtually vanished from the American scene, and the political debate was confined to disagreement over exit strategies. 2002Computer Weekly 3 Oct. 28/3 Draw up a good contract and, perhaps most importantly, ensure there is a clear exit strategy.
▪ II. exit, v.|ˈɛksɪt|
[f. prec. n.]
1. a. intr. To make one's exit, depart, disappear; fig. to decease, die.
1607Barley-Breake (1877) 10 Much like vnto a Player on a stage..As one distract doth exit in a rage. a1652Brome Love-sick Court ii. i, My souls better part exited, left The other languishing. 1806T. S. Surr Winter in Lond. I. 201 [She would become] duchess of Delaware, if old Pomposo would exit. 1844W. H. Maxwell Fort. O'Halloran vii, She exited from the chamber. 1890Temple Bar Aug. 579, I desire to exit with the fiddlers playing, the foot-lights ablaze, the house looking on.
b. Cards (esp. Bridge). To lose the lead deliberately; to use an exit (exit n. 2 b).
1958Listener 2 Oct. 541/2 East..exited with a further Club, defeating the contract. 1959Ibid. 12 Nov. 850/2 South won with the King and exited with the three.
2. trans. To leave (a building, road, etc.); to get out of (a vehicle, etc.). Also transf. orig. U.S.
1976N. Thornburg Cutter & Bone v. 115 At the first Union 76 sign he saw, he exited the freeway. 1976National Observer (U.S.) 29 May 10/2 Once having dispensed with her clothes at the pool at dawn, our titian-haired employee began exiting her clothes at later hours. 1979Vassar Q. Summer 17/1 A policeman..relates that the ‘alleged perpetrator exited the vehicle’. 1979D. R. Hofstadter Gödel, Escher, Bach (1980) i. 37 Person A may think he understands the problem, and try to remedy it by exiting the present system. 1985M. Truman Murder at FBI xi. 80 The .22 shell never exited his body. |