| 释义 |
▪ I. expert, a.1|ˈɛkspɜːt, ɛkˈspɜːt|
Also 4–6 experte.
[a. OF. expert, espert, ad. L. expert-us, pa. pple. (act. and pass.) of experīrī to try: see experience n. Cf. apert, aspert.]
I. In active sense.
†1. Experienced (in), having experience (of). Obs.
c1374Chaucer Troylus ii. 1318 Tho that bene expert in love. c1386― Can. Yeom. Prol. & T. 698 That ye mow taken heede, And ben expert of this..This dicipline, and this crafty science. 14..Prose Legends in Anglia VIII. 133 Þe þridde tyme [she] was experte of dethe. 1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 67 The testimonies of men experte whiche haue writen theyme to haue seen that place. a1556Ld. Morley tr. Boccaccio's De Preclaris Mulieribus i, [Eve] beynge after experte of the paynes of berynge of children. 1630R. Johnson's Kingd. & Commw. 52 Frequent the company of the expert, that by noting their observations..you may [etc.]. 1672Petty Pol. Anat. (1691) 27 A Protestant Militia of 25,000, the most whereof are expert in War.
¶ As pa. pple. act. with verbal regimen: Having tested, having had experience of. Obs. (a mere Latinism).
1382Wyclif Eccl. viii. 5 Who kepeth the hest, shal not ben expert any thing of euel. c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 33 (MS. A) Galion and Auicen and I þat am expert here seiynge, we seie þat [etc.]. 1513Douglas æneis i. iv. 77 The craigis quhar monstrous Ciclopes dwell ȝe ar expert.
2. Trained by experience or practice, skilled, skilful. Const. at, in, † intil, † of, to with inf.
c1374Chaucer Troylus i. 67 Calcas..in science so experte. c1386― Prol. 577 Maystres..That were of lawe expert and curious. 14..Prose Legends in Anglia VIII. 143 Men were often expert to socour. c1425Wyntoun Cron. viii. xxxv. 36 He expart wes in-tyl swilk thyng. 1549Compl. Scot. Prol. 12 Clerkis..ar mair expert in latyne tong nor i am. 1570Dee Math. Pref. 12 Many places, in the Ciuile law, require an expert Arithmeticien. 1632Lithgow Trav. v. 188 Neither are they [Turks] expert Mariners. 1697W. Dampier Voy. (1729) I. v. 116 Thick woods, where the Spaniards might easily lay in ambush..at which they are very expert. 1777Watson Philip II (1793) III. xix. 23 Expert both in the arts of peace and war. 1870Bryant Iliad I. ii. 67 Idomeneus expert to wield the spear. 1873Hale In His Name viii. 69 The Florentine was not expert in ecclesiastical matters.
b. Hence of personal qualities or acquirements.
1542Udall tr. Erasm. Apoph. 269 a, In the experte knowelage of warre kepyng. 1563Shute Archit. B ij b, To haue experte knowladg in drawing. 1665Manley Grotius' Low C. Warres 176 The War..grew very hot, not so much by the greatness of the Forces as the expert Valour of the Captains.
c. expert system (Computing): a program or group of programs designed to store and apply the knowledge of experts in a given field, so that others can use it for deciding, evaluating, or inferring in that field.
1977Proc. 5th Internat. Joint Conf. Artificial Intelligence 994/1 The development of expert systems in the context of formal task environments such as mathematics. 1983Austral. Microcomputer Mag. Nov. 18/2 A market exists for expert systems because in certain decision-making situations, the systems are better than the human experts in the field. 1983Internat. Managem. Dec. 5/3 icot is concentrating for now on the development of two ‘expert systems’ — intelligent computer programs that can solve problems or reach conclusions usually requiring the knowledge of human experts. 1986McGraw-Hill Yearbk. Sci. & Technol. 1987 75/2 Attempts to use this technology began in 1976 with the development of an expert system to diagnose diseased soybean plants.
† II. 3. In passive sense: Tried, proved by experience. In early use often (after Lat.) as mere pple. Obs.
1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 119 Whiche thynge was experte..of ii. men. c1430Lydg. Bochas iii. xiii. 112 a, This same thyng was wel expert and preued. c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 6030 For his [St. Cuthbert's] help in othir case..þis true monk had expert. 1494Fabyan Chron. vii. 463 That as well was experte in Fraunce as in the ile of Englande. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. Pref. 1 He that hath the perfyte knowledge of others joye..hath thexpert doctryne of all parylles. 1586Cogan Haven Health xiv. (1636) 39 A perfect water, and expert against melancholy. 1604Shakes. Oth. ii. i. 49 His Pylot [is] Of verie expert, and approu'd Allowance. 1612Enchirid. Med. 156 It is an expert medicine.
▪ II. † exˈpert, a.2 Obs.
[ad. L. expert-em, lit. ‘having no part (in)’, f. ex- (see ex- prefix1) + part-, pars part.]
Destitute or devoid of, free from.
1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 337 Thouȝhe..Bede..seye that londe not to be experte of vynes. 1608Chapman Byron's Conspiracy Plays 1873 II. 197 Into purest ayre Expert of humor. 1616― Homer's Hymns, To Venus 358 He..should immortality breathe, Expert of age and woe as well as death. 1655–60Stanley Hist. Philos. (1701) 190/2 A principle is expert of generation and corruption.
▪ III. expert, n.|ˈɛkspɜːt|
[a. mod. F. expert (the adj. used subst.); see expert a.1]
1. One who is expert or has gained skill from experience. Const. at, in, with.
1853Kane Grinnell Exp. xxxiii. (1856) 283 Every man arranged his knapsack and blanket-bag..with the practiced discretion of an expert. 1856― Arct. Expl. I. xi. 24 Hans Christian..an expert with the kayak and javelin. 1866Rogers Agric. & Prices I. xxi. 523 Such manors as possessed wood generally containing an expert at hurdle⁓making. 1882A. W. Ward Dickens iv. 100 He was frank and explicit with experts, in the writer's art.
2. One whose special knowledge or skill causes him to be regarded as an authority; a specialist. Also attrib., as in expert evidence, expert witness, etc.
1825Act 6 Geo. IV, c. 59 §4 The nomination of experts to ascertain and fix the price. 1858Sat. Rev. VI. 645/1 Experts in insanity. 1869Rogers Adam Smith's W.N. Pref. I. 11 Misled by the selfish misrepresentations of reputed experts. 1873Browning Red Cott. Nt.-cap 184 Purchase at the price adjudged By experts. 1884Pall Mall G. 22 Sept. 6/1 An expert court of first instance..might be of use. 1890Law Times' Rep. LXIII. 684/2 A mining engineer and expert of well-known reputation.
b. In recent use esp. one skilled in the study of handwritings.
1858Sat. Rev. V. 656/1 Professional experts swear to their belief in the peeress's authorship. 1868E. Edwards Raleigh I. xix. 385 The obliterated names can scarcely..be read by the most painstaking expert. 1882Standard 21 Oct. 2/5 To him [Netherclift] the term ‘Expert’ was first applied. 1886Besant Childr. Gibeon. ii. xiii, My writing was well known; experts swore that the forgery was by me.
▪ IV. † exˈpert, v.1 Obs.
[f. L. expert- ppl. stem of experīrī to try: see experience n., expert a.1]
trans. To experience; to know by experience. Hence exˈperted ppl. a., experienced.
1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 183 The women experte the knowledge of diverse men. 1475Bk. Noblesse (1860) 60 They have no sufficient bookis..and be not expertid. 1553S. Cabot Ordinances in Hakluyt Voy. (1589) 262 For declaration of the trueth which you shall haue experted. 1579Spenser Sheph. Cal. Nov. 183 Knewe wee..what it [death] us bringes untill, Dye would we daylie, once it to expert. 1587Fleming Contn. Holinshed III. i. 306/1 This Thomas was a man..experted..in ecclesiasticall matters.
▪ V. ˈexpert, v.2 Chiefly N. Amer. colloq.
[f. expert n.]
trans. To examine as an expert; to have (books, etc.) examined by an expert. So exˈperting vbl. n., expert examination or its results.
1889in Cent. Dict. 1901Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 26 Oct. 6/6 Colonel Linsley with a party of men has been in the coal region for the past couple of weeks experting the fields for the company. 1948G. H. Johnston Death takes Small Bites i. 13 ‘But what about Japan or the Philippines? Wouldn't you find more there to write about?’ ‘No. Both played out. They've been experted all the way from page one to the obituaries.’ 1956G. Bowen Wool Away! (ed. 2) vi. 74 The next phase of experting a new comb is to scrape or rub the tips on wood. Ibid. 75, I trust that the experting as set out in this text will be a practical guide and help to all, as good gear is the foundation of all good shearing. 1969‘H. Pentecost’ Girl Watcher's Funeral (1970) iii. ii. 148 We've done some experting on the trajectory of the body's fall. |