| 释义 |
▪ I. thirst, n.|θɜːst|
Forms: α. 1–4 þurst, 3–5 þorst, 4–5 thurste, 4–6 thurst; 3 (Orm.) þirrst, 3–5 þirst, 4 þerst(e, 5 þirste, 5–6 thyrst(e, 6 thirste, 4– thirst. β. 3 (Orm.) þrisst, 3–5 þrist, 4 threist, threste, þrust(e, þrest (þrast), 4–5 threst, thryst, 4–6 thriste, thrust, thruste, 4–7 thrist, 5 þreste, 5–6 thryste. γ. 4 first, ferst, furst, vurste.
[OE. þurst = OFris. *thurst, *thorst (mod.Fris. torst, toarst, EFris. thurst), OS. thurst (Du. dorst), OHG. (G.) durst:—OTeut. *þurs-tus; cf. ON. þorsti masc. (Sw., Da. törst), Goth. þaurstei fem.; all formed, with nominal suffix, from a verbal stem *þurs- (cf. Gothic þaurseiþ mik I thirst):—Indo-Eur. *trs, weak grade of *ters: *tors: *trs. Cf. L. torrēre to dry, Skr. trš to thirst.
The change from thurst to thirst was prob. an assimilation of the n. to the form of the vb. The metathetic thrist, thrust, was in use from c 1200 to 1590.]
1. a. The uneasy or painful sensation caused by want of drink; also, the physical condition resulting from this want.
αc1000Sax. Leechd. II. 192 Do þis wið maᵹan bryne & þurste. c1050Byrhtferth's Handboc in Anglia (1885) VIII. 336 Win & beor eall to ecum þurste awend. c1175Lamb. Hom. 79 He hefde þurst and hunger. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 75 He ne mai þolen hunger ne þirst ne oðer pine. c1200Ormin 14602 Þatt maȝȝ þe slekkenn wel þin þirrst. a1225Ancr. R. 114 He..mende him ase of þurst. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 10176 Þey deyde for hunger & þirst. 1340Ayenb. 139 He soffreþ and honger an þorst. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xx. 19 He dronke at eche diche ar he for thurste deyde. c1380Sir Ferumb. 2810 Feynt & pal for hungre & for þerst. c1440Promp. Parv. 491/2 Thyrste, or thryste, sitis. 1489Caxton Faytes of A. i. xiii. 34 They ouercome theyre enemyes more by thurst than by armes. 1508Fisher Penit. Ps. cii. Wks. (1876) 179 That may suffre & endure grete labours, watchynge, pouerte, thurst, hungre, colde, & hete. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 470 Let thy Goats..be..led to living Streams, to quench their Thirst. 1738Gray Propertius iii. 89 The long thirst of Tantalus allay. 1858O. W. Holmes Aut. Breakf.-t. ix. 79 Thirst belongs to humanity, everywhere, in all ages.
βc1200Ormin 1615, & pinenn þær þi bodiȝ a Wiþþ chele & þrisst & hunngerr. c1220Bestiary 320 He haueð ðrist. c1300Harrow. Hell 50 (MS. E.) Seþþen haue y fond & wist Hot & cold, hunger & þrest. 13..Sir Beues (A.) 2791 Beues hadde þanne swich þrast. a1340Hampole Psalter cxlii. 7 Slokyn my threst. c1375XI Pains of Hell 156 in O.E. Misc. 215 Þai schil haue hongir and þrust wereeuer þai gon. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) viii. 30 Þai made murmuracion agaynes him by cause of thrist. c1440Jacob's Well 147 Be þe weye thedyrward, he hadde thrust. 1530Palsgr. 163 Soyf, thrust. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. (Rolls) II. 219 Vter drank for to cuill his thrist. 1590Spenser F.Q. ii. vi. 17 Him..that..Will die for thrist, and water doth refuse.
γ13..S. Eng. Leg. in Herrig Archiv LXXXII. 395/68 For drede of gret hongir & ferst. c1325Song of Mercy 53 in E.E.P. (1862) 120 Ne neuer my furst ne woldestou slake. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VI. 269 He brende for first [v.r. vurste].
†b. (See quot.) dial. Obs.
1741Compl. Fam.-Piece iii. (ed. 3) 504 Swine..are subject to a Distemper which is called the Thirst, or Lungs, according to some Farmers.
c. Short for thirstland: see 3.
1906Blackw. Mag. Sept. 394/2 Getting a span of oxen through the long ‘thirsts’, as the waterless stretches of road are expressively called.
2. fig. A vehement desire (of (arch.), for, after something, to do something).
c1200Ormin 5688 All hiss hunngerr & hiss þrisst Shall ben þurrh Drihhtin sleckedd. c1374Chaucer Boeth. ii. met. ii, The more ay brenneth in Hem the thurst of hauynge. c1450Mirour Saluacioun 219 Thi thrust to shedde mans blode was neuer wery. a1541Wyatt Penit. Ps. cxxx. 27 To quench of sleep the thrust. 1554Knox Faythf. Admon. D vj, An earnest thrist..of your saluacion. 1607Shakes. Cor. i. i. 25 Not in thirst for Reuenge. 1669Gale Crt. Gentiles i. i. i. 2 Those infinite thirsts after truth. 1751Johnson Rambler No. 83 ⁋1 That thirst after curiosities, which often draws contempt and ridicule upon itself. 1812Cary Dante, Paradise iv. 121 Our mind can satisfy her thirst to know. 1831Scott Ct. Rob. xiii, The more lofty-minded..despise the thirst of gold. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. v. I. 657 It may be distinctly traced..either to thirst for money or to thirst for blood. 1851Dixon W. Penn xxxi. (1872) 296 In his thirst for knowledge he was in the habit of studying every sect.
3. attrib. and Comb., as thirst-fever, thirst-longing, thirst-quencher; thirst-abating, thirst-creating, thirst-inducing, thirst-mad, thirst-making, thirst-quenching, thirst-scorched, thirst-tormented adjs.; thirst-country, -land, a waterless tract of country, spec. in S. Africa; thirst-serpent (see quot.).
1708J. Philips Cyder ii. 63 The Root For *Thirst-abating Sweetness prais'd.
1895J. G. Millais Breath fr. Veldt (1899) 170 If you are in a ‘*Thirst’ country, you take, of course, a water-bottle.
1781Cowper Conversat. 262 The riotous abuse Thy *thirst-creating steams at length produce.
1829T. Hook Bank to Barnes 49 These cows had just finished their *thirst-inducing meal.
1878P. Gillmore (title) The great *thirstland: a trek through Natal, Transvaal, Orange Free State and the Kalahari Desert. 1889Farmer Americanisms 532/1 The region of extinct lakes and inland seas of Southern Nevada and South-eastern California is the great thirstland of the continent. 1895J. G. Millais Breath fr. Veldt (1899) 184 We entered the great forest Thirstland... In this expanse of some hundred square miles there is but one waterhole. 1908J. Wells Stewart of Lovedale xviii. 182 Without crossing the Karoo and great Thirst-land of Unbelief.
c1614Campion Wks. (1909) 179 A heate I finde, Like *thirst-longing, that doth bide Where they say my heart doth moue.
1969G. MacBeth War Quartet 68 They..lived As beasts, *thirst-mad.
1952J. Cannan Body in Beck ii. 41 Will you excuse me if I beetle through for another pint?.. That's a *thirst-making rock if ever there was one.
1908Daily Chron. 3 Jan. 3/6 He prefers pure water as a *thirst-quencher.
1895Westm. Gaz. 19 Mar. 8/2 This orange wine is most refreshing and *thirst-quenching.
1861W. F. Collier Hist. Eng. Lit. 443 In view of the *thirst-scorched seamen.
1731Medley tr. Kolben's Cape G. Hope II. 165 The Dipsas or *Thirst-Serpent is so call'd from its bite causing a burning thirst.
▪ II. thirst, v.|θɜːst|
Forms: α. 1 ð-, þyrst, 2–4 þirst-, 3–4 þurst- (ü), (4 furst-), 4–6 thurst-, 5–6 thyrst-, 5– thirst. β. 4 þryst-, þrist-, þrest-, 4–6 thrust-, 5 thryst-, 5–6 threst-, thrist-.
[OE. þyrstan, f. þurst thirst n. Cf. OS. thurstian (Du. dorsten), OHG. dursten (G. dürsten), ON. þyrsta (Sw. törsta, Da. törste).]
†1. impers. as in me thirsteth, ‘it thirsts me’, I am thirsty. (In OE. with accus. of person and gen. of thing, or with dat. of person.)
c897K. ælfred Gregory's Past. C. ii. 30 Ðeah ðæt folc ðyrste ðære lare. c1000Ags. Gosp. John xix. 28 Þa cwæð he, me þyrst. c1000Sax. Leechd. II. 194 Þa men ne þyrst. c1200Ormin 14603 Ȝiff þatt iss þatt te þirrsteþþ. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 199 Hire þurst swiðe. a1300Cursor M. 23085 Me thristed sare, drinc yee me broght. c1386Chaucer Monk's T. 49 So thursted hym, that he Was wel ny lorn. c1440York Myst. xxxvi. 221 A! me thristis sare.
2. intr. To feel or suffer thirst; to be thirsty. Also transf., e.g of parched ground or plants. Somewhat arch.
c950Lindisf. Gosp. John xix. 28 Cuoeð ic ðyrsto. c975Rushw. Gosp. John iv. 14 Seðe wutudlice drinceð of wætre dæt ic selo him ne ðyrstet in ecnisse. 1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 5771, I thrested, and yhe me na drynk bedde. 1382Wyclif 1 Cor. iv. 11 We hungren, and thirsten, and ben nakid. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. v. xliv. (Bodl. MS.), Euerich beeste with lunges þrusteþ moche. 14..Lybeaus Disc. (1890) 1426 Sir Libeaus þursted sore And seide..To drinke let me go. 1530Palsgr. 757/1, I Thrust, I want drinke. 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. iii. (1586) 146 You shall gyue them water as oft as they thirst. 1611Bible Isa. lv. 1 Ho, euery one that thirsteth, come ye to the waters. 1649,1820[see thirsting ppl. a.]. 1871R. Ellis Catullus lxviii. 79 Bloodless of high sacrifice, Now thirsts each desolate altar! 1875[see thirsty 1].
3. fig. To have a longing, craving, or strong desire. Const. in OE. with gen., = of; later after, for († to) something, to do something.
c893K. ælfred Oros. ii. iv. §10 Þu þe þyrstende wære monnes blodes. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xlii. (Agatha) 87 Scho thristyt..for till cume til hewynnis kyng. 1388Wyclif Ps. lxii. 2 [lxiii. 1] Mi soule thirstide to thee; my fleisch thirstide to thee ful many foold. 1419in Sharpe Lond. & Kingd. (1894–5) III. 363 Your poure lieges þat have loong thrusted after knowlech of your prosperite. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VII 25 b, The Frenche nacion..thrusted for the blood..of the poore Brytones. 1601R. Johnson Kingd. & Commw. (1603) 157 The Turkish Emperor..thirsting to open a way into Moscouie. 1791Burke App. Whigs Wks. VI. 203 It is not necessary to teach men to thirst after power. 1858G. Macdonald Phantastes v. (1878) 75, I entered, thirsting for the shade which it promised.
†4. trans. To desire vehemently; to long for. Obs.
c950Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. v. 6 Eadᵹe biðon ða ðe hyncgrað & ðyrstas soðfæstnisse. c1000Ags. Gosp. ibid., Eadiᵹe synt þa ðe rihtwisnesse hingriað & þyrstað. c1050Liber Scintill. x. 49. a 1340 Hampole Psalter, Cant. 506 Erthly kyngis þat threstis mannys blode. 1382Wyclif Matt. v. 6 Blessid be thei that hungren and thristen riȝtwisnesse, for thei shuln ben fulfillid. 1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) III. 471 Ye thruste golde..and couette honoure. 1527Tindale Obed. Chr. Man To Rdr. 20 b, Sufficient vnto them that thirst the trueth. 1593Queen Elizabeth Boeth. i. iv. 11 Wicked men, that thursted the blud of all the senate. 1718Prior Solomon i. 203 He seeks his keeper's flesh, and thirsts his blood.
Hence † ˈthirsted ppl. a., longed for.
c1611Chapman Iliad xxii. 277 His bright and sparkling eyes..sought through all that prise The next way to his thirsted life. |