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thirteenth, a., n. (adv.)
(ˌθɜːˈtiːnθ, ˈθɜːˌtiːnθ: see -teen)
Forms: see below.
[Of this there have been many forms, the earlier reflecting the various types of tenth, the later the two types of thirteen. In OE. (Anglian *þríteoᵹeða, -e, -teᵹða) WSax. þríe-, þréotéoða, etc., whence early southern ME. þretteþe. Northern ME. had þrett-, þrittēnd(e from ON. þrettánde. From these arose a 1400 þrett-, þrittenþ(e, and by metathesis (as in thirteen), ther-, thyr-, thirtenth, and finally in 16th c. thirteenth, as if formed at once from thirteen + -th2. Cf. in the cognate langs. OFris. threttinde (Du. dertiende), OHG. drittozehanto (Ger. dreizehnte), ON. þrettánde (Sw. trettonde, Da. trettende).]
A. adj. in concord with n. expressed or implied.
1. The ordinal numeral belonging to the cardinal thirteen: the last of thirteen.
(α) 1 þreoteᵹþa, þrie-, þreo-, þryteoða, 1–3 þreott-, þrytteoða, 3 þrett-, þritteþe.
a900O.E. Martyrol. 13 Mar. 38 On þone þreoteᵹðan dæᵹ þæs monðes. c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. xi. 20 margin, On þære þrytteoðan wucan ofer pentecosten. c1000ælfric Hom. II. 520 Paulus is se ðreotteoða ðyses heapes. c1275Shires & Hundreds in O.E. Misc. 146 Þe þreotteoþe on lyncholne. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 5933 In þe þritteþe [MS. αþretteþe] ȝer.
(β) 3 (Orm.) þrittennde, 4 thritt-, thretend(e, thritteind, thritend, 4–5 þrettend(e.
c1200Ormin 11062 Itt iss þe þrittennde daȝȝ. a1300Cursor M. 11373 (Cott.) Fra he was born þe dai thritteind. Ibid. 29330 (Cott. Galba) Þe thritend case. 1447O. Bokenham Seyntys (Roxb.) 34 Of Octobyr the threttend day.
(γ) 4 þrett-, þrittenþe, þritteneþ, 4–5 threttenethe; 6 threttent.
c1380Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. II. 268 Þe þrittenþe condicioun. c1420Chron. Vilod. 2395 Þe threttenethe ȝere. a1425Cursor M. 22671 (Trin.) Þe þrettenþe day shal be snelle. 1581N. Burne Disput. in Cath. Tractates (S.T.S.) 142 Gregorius the threttent quha is nou bischop of Rome.
(δ) 5 þirttenth (þirdtenth), thertenth (-tenst), 6 thyrd-, thyr-, thirtenth, 6– thirteenth.
1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 78 b/2 The thertenst day. 1530Palsgr. 372/1 Treiziesme, thyrteenth. 1538Elyot, Terdenus, na, num, the thyrdtenth. 1552Huloet, Thyrtenth. 1579Fulke Heskins' Parl. 180 The thirteenth Chapter. 1624Bedell Lett. i. 42 This thirteenth Article, of the thirteenth Apostle,..it seemes you haue learned. 1711Lond. Gaz. No. 4903/2 On the Thirteenth the Artillery..was discharg'd. 1759Walton's Angler ii. (ed. 7) 38 The wise Statutes made in the 13th of Edward the First. 1878L. Villari Machiavelli (1898) II. ii. 73 The literature of the thirteenth century.
2. thirteenth part: one of thirteen equal parts into which anything may be divided.
1790Burke Fr. Rev. 178 About a thirteenth part of their clear income. 1857Miller Elem. Chem. (1862) III. 157 Exactly twelve thirteenth parts of an equal measure of distilled water.
B. n.
1. A thirteenth part.
1611Cotgr., Treziesme, a thirteenth. Mod. A lunar month is very nearly a thirteenth of a year.
b. Eng. Hist. A thirteenth part of the value of movables, or of the rent of the year, formerly granted or levied as a tax.
[1206–7Patent Roll 8 John m. 3 dorso in Lanc. & Chesh. Rec. Soc. (1893) XXVII. 35 M. CC. vij, Hoc anno assisa de terciodecimo facta est ad opus regis universaliter a clericis et laicis et per vim laicalem.] 1893J. A. C. Vincent ibid. 36 The method of collecting this thirteenth is laid down in the king's letters patent. Every layman to give 12-pence out of every mark's (13s. 4d.) worth of annual rent, or out of such moveable chattels of like value as he had on the Octaves of the Purification (9 February), being the date of the council. 1874Stubbs Const. Hist. I. xiii. 586 The assessment of the thirteenth in a.d. 1207 was..not made by juries, but by the oath of the individual payer taken before the justices; the contribution of the clergy being a matter of special arrangement made by the archdeacons.
2. Music. A note thirteen diatonic degrees above or below a given note (both notes being counted); the interval between, or consonance of, two notes thirteen diatonic degrees apart; a chord containing this interval.
1597Morley Introd. Mus. 71 Which distances do make vnperfect consonants?.. A third, a sixt, and their eightes: a tenth, a thirteenth [etc.]. 1609Douland Ornith. Microl. 79 An eight doth agree in sound with an vnison,..and a thirteenth with a sixt. 1880Stainer Composition §14 The third degree of the scale..also forms part of the well-known cadential 6 / 4 chord, and dominant thirteenth.
C. adv. Thirteenthly.
1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 292 b, Thyrtenth, they be mortifyed from all property of wyll.
Hence thirˈteenthly adv., in the thirteenth place; also as n. (nonce-use) the thirteenth head or section of a discourse, etc.
a1642Sir W. Monson Naval Tracts iii. (1704) 322/1 Thirteenthly, They ought to take a yearly account. 1887J. Service Life & Recoll. Duguid iii. 22 Mr. McClumpha..was toilin' on to his thirteenthly. 1893Stevenson Catriona xvi, Thirteenthly, my brethren,..the law itself must be regarded as a means of grace.
▸ thirteenth cheque n. (also 13th cheque) orig. U.S. a payment, now esp. an annual pay bonus, made in a given year in addition to regular monthly payments.
1923N.Y. Times 17 June 13/2 There is always a *thirteenth check representing the rebate on the overcharge for the preceding twelve months. 1986Los Angeles Times (Nexis) 17 June ii. 1/1 If pension funds exceeded the amount paid to retired workers, half the surplus was distributed among retirees in the form of a 13th check. 2005Sunday Times (Johannesburg) 13 Feb. (Careers section) 5/3 (advt.) The company offers a competitive salary, 13th cheque as a bonus and membership of the retirement fund. |