| 释义 |
▪ I. thole, n.1|θəʊl|
Forms: 1 thol, ðoll, þol; 5–6 tholle, 6–8 thoule, 7–8 thowle, 8 thoul, 9 thowel(l, thowl, (thauel), 7– thole.
[OE. þol(l, corresp. to ON. þollr, Norw. toll, tulle, Sw. (år) tull, Da. (aar) tol; MLG. dolle, dulle, dole, doule, LG. (Brem. Wbch.) dolle, dulle, EFris. dolle, dol, MDu. dolle, Du. dol(l. Ulterior etymology uncertain. In ON. þollr was also ‘fir-tree’, poet. ‘tree’ generally: the connexion of sense is not clear. The history of the Eng. word also shows a hiatus during nearly the whole ME. period.
The late altered forms thoule, thowle, and 19th c. thowel, may be influenced by doule, dowle, dowel.]
1. A vertical pin or peg in the side of a boat against which in rowing the oar presses as the fulcrum of its action; esp. one of a pair between which the oar works; hence, a rowlock.
c725Corpus Gloss. (O.E.T.) 1820 Scalmus, thol. c1000Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 289/9 Scalmus, ðoll. 1611Cotgr., Scalme, a Thowle; the little peg whereby the oare of a Skiffe is staied. 1624Capt. Smith Virginia 62 In stead of thoules wee made stickes like Bedstaues. 1697W. Dampier Voy. round World (1699) 35 Straps..through which they put their Oars in rowing, instead of tholes or pegs. 1769Falconer Dict. Marine (1789), Autarelles, the thoules or rowlock-pins of a galley. 1827Roberts Voy. Centr. Amer. 178 These oars are secured to the thowel by straps of raw hide. 1847Longfellow Evang. ii. ii. 102 The sound of their oars on the tholes had died in the distance. 1857P. Colquhoun Comp. Oarsman's Guide 29 The row⁓lock is composed of 3 parts; the thauel, against which you row [etc.]. 1862Whittier Cry Lost Soul iv, The guide..drops his oar against the gunwale's thole.
2. A pin or peg in general: spec.
a. A pin by means of which the shafts are fastened to the carriage or axle of a cart, etc.
b. The handle or ‘nib’ of a scythe-snathe.
c1440Promp. Parv. 492/1 Tholle, carte pynne (or tolpyn, infra), cavilla. 1530Palsgr. 280/2 Tholle a cartpynne, cheuille de charette. 1707Sloane Jamaica I. p. lii, The use of..drums made of a piece of a hollow tree, covered on one end with any green skin, and stretch'd with Thouls or Pins. 1828Webster, Thole, 2. the pin or handle of a sythe-snath. 1880R. S. Charnock Essex Gloss., Thole, the two pieces or handles of a scythe. 1910H. Belloc Mr. Clutterbuck's Election iv, The woodwork..was designed in the Cheshire fashion, with drawpins, tholes, and spring⁓heads tinctured to a sober brown.
▪ II. † thole, n.2 Obs. rare—1.
[f. thole v.]
Patience, forbearance, endurance.
c1250Gen. & Ex. 3496 Ic am god, gelus and strong, Min wreche is hard, min ðole is long.
▪ III. † thole, n.3 Obs. rare.
[Anglicized f. L. thol-us: see tholos.]
See quot. 1656, and cf. tholos.
1633[J. Fisher] True Trojans iii. ii. E ij, Let Altars smoake, and Tholes expect our spoiles. 1656Blount Glossogr., Thole (tholus),..that place in Temples, where donaries and such gifts as were presented there, are hung up.
▪ IV. thole, v. Now north. dial. or arch.|θəʊl|
Forms: 1 þolian, 2–3 -ien, (2 þale(n), 2–4 þolye, -ie, -en, 3 (Orm.) þolenn, 3–4 -yen, 4 þoole, tholen, -y, 4–5 þole, tholie, 4– thole. (Also 4, 6 Sc. thol, 4 (5–6 Sc.) thoile, 4–6 Sc. thoill, 5 þoliȝe, þol(l, thoole, thowle, tholl, 6 (7–8 Sc.) thoell, 8 n. dial. thoyl, 6– Sc. and n. dial. thoil.)
[OE. þolian = OS. tholôn, tholian, OHG. dolôn, dolên (MHG. dolen, doln; cf. Ger. gedul-d), ON. þola (Da. taale, Sw. tåla), Goth. þulan, f. OTeut. stem *þul-:—weak grade of root *tel: *tol: *tl to bear, suffer: cf. L. tuli, tol-erare, toll-ere, Gr. τλῆναι.]
1. trans. To be subjected or exposed to (something evil); to be afflicted with; to have to bear, suffer, undure, undergo.
Beowulf 832 Hie..for þreanydum þolian scoldon torn un-lytel. c897K. ælfred Gregory's Past. C. xxviii. 197 Dauid..lange ær his [Saul's] ehtnesse earfoðlice ðolode. a1000Cædmon's Gen. 2240 (Gr.) Þeowdom þolian. 1154O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1137, Suilc & mare þanne we cunnen sæin we þoleden xix wintre for ure sinnes. c1175Lamb. Hom. 75 His halie fif wunden þa he þolede for us ine þe halie rode. c1200Ormin Ded. 201 He ȝaff hiss aȝhenn lif..To þolenn dæþþ o rodetre. c1290Beket 2316 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 173 Þis holi man..þolede martyrdom. c1320Cast. Love 410 He scal euere þolyen deþ. 13..Cursor M. 9636 (Cott.) Ded he aght to thole. 1375Barbour Bruce iv. 659 Feill anoyis thoill ȝhe sall. c1386Chaucer Friar's T. 248 So muche wo as I haue with yow tholed. c1450Mirour Saluacioun 212 All yt oure lord Ihū soeffred in his passionne Oure ladie tholed in sawle. 1530Lyndesay Test. Papyngo 175 Off bitter deth now mon I thole the schouris. 1599Porter Angry Wom. Abingd. in Hazl. Dodsley VII. 370 What a winter of cold fear I thole. 1717Ramsay Elegy on Lucky Wood i, What loss, what crosses dost thou thole! 1884Freeman in Stephens Life (1895) II. x. 321 They that believed nothing were to thole all revealed punishments. [Affected archaism.]
absol.1357Lay Folks Catech. 132 [Christ] tholed [v.r. suffryd] bodily for synful man kynd. c1394P. Pl. Crede 90 Þe cros þat crist opon þolede. c1430Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 227 How ever thou thole ore thryfe, Alwey thonk God of alle. 1718Ramsay Christ's Kirk Gr. iii. xvi, Ye's thole for this, ye scaul. 1880A. Forbes in 19th Cent. Jan. 190 To be told how our countrymen..toil and thole.
b. to thole an assize, judgement, the laws, etc., to undergo trial. Sc.
1425Sc. Acts Jas. I (1814) II. 9/2 Þe king..forbiddis þat ony man..be aponne his assise þat sall thole þe law. 1508Dunbar Flyting 78 For quhilk, brybour, ȝit sall thow thoill a breif. a1578Lindesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. iii. iv. (S.T.S.) I. 223 The lordis..quhilk was..thair to thoill ane syse conforme to thair ditta. 1609Skene Reg. Maj. i. 93 b, It is statute, that na man sould thoill judgement, or be judged, be ane man of inferiour estate then his awin peir. 1678Sir G. Mackenzie Crim. Laws Scot. i. xx. §4 (1699) 108 The Receptor with us cannot be punished, or thole an Assize, till the principal Thief be first convict. 1886St. James' Gaz. 16 Dec. 3 Mr...would probably by this time have tholed an assize before the High Court of Justiciary.
2. To endure without resistance or complaint; to submit with patience to; to bear with, ‘abide’; to put up with, tolerate. Also with inf. or subord. clause
c950Lindisf. Gosp. Mark ix. 19 Ða huile mið iuh ic beom, ða huile iuih ic ðola. a1000Cædmon's Gen. 597 (Gr.) Þæt is micel wundor þæt hit ece god æfre wolde, þeoden, þolian. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 9479 So luþer & prout heo was, þat me ne miȝte it þolie noȝt. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 15976 Al þer trauaille & al þer ylle Þat þey had þoled wiþ gode wille. 1393Rec. Elgin (New Spald. Cl) I. 7 Þis as before wyt al men we wil nocht thole. c1430Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 8490 He might the betre thoole Thurgh gile to les a little ring, Whan [etc.]. 1552Abp. Hamilton Catech. (1884) 81 Thai that tholis nocht thair father and mother, suppose thai do thame iniuris and be cummersum. 1584Hudson tr. Du Bartas' Judith iii. 179 For thee, we frankly shall pursue and thole Th'eternall heat and colde of either Pole. 1786Burns Twa Dogs 96 Poor tenant bodies, scant o' cash, How they maun thole a factor's snash. c1800Newcastle Prov. in Brockett N.C. Gloss. (1846) II. 178 He that has a good crop may thole some thistles. 184.in Contemp. Rev. (1905) July 64 ‘I com' away,’ said he, ‘for I couldn't thoil to see good food wasted.’ 1889Barrie Window in Thrums 38, I canna thole 'im.
absol.1154O.E. Chron. an. 1140 §6 (Laud MS.) Þa hi ne leng ne muhten þolen, þa stali hi ut & fluᵹen. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 79 Þe man..þe þoleð and forbereð and ne wile seche after wreche. a1340Hampole Psalter ix. 41 Þaire hert redy to serue þe and to thole. c1470Henry Wallace viii. 663 Ȝeit Wallace tholyt, and leit thaim say thar will. 1560Rolland Seven Sages 77 Better it is to thoill heir patientlie, Nor euer mair in hell condampnit be. 1880A. Forbes in 19th Cent. Feb. 234 The British soldier can thole as well as can the Russian soldier.
†b. To endure or bear without giving way; to withstand; to stand. Obs.
c1200Ormin 9399 Þa maȝȝ itt [the eye] siþþenn þolenn wel Þe sunness brihhte leome. 13..Cursor M. 7312 (Gött.) It es wel worthi þat qua May thole na wele, to thole þe wa. c1400Destr. Troy 9674 No buerne vpon bent his buffettes might thowle. 14..Songs Costume (Percy Soc.) 60 Her mantill of humilitie, To tholl bayth wind and weit.
c. To bear, stand, admit of, be capable of; to have room for; esp. in phrase to thole amends, to admit of improvement. dial.
1770Jas. Watt Let. to Small 3 Jan., Health and spirits beyond what I commonly enjoy..; though they would still thole amends. a1774Fergusson Cauler Oysters Poems (1845) 7 Fling owre your craig sufficient doses; You'll thole a hunder. 1808Scott Let. to G. Ellis 23 Feb., in Lockhart, The style would..thole amends, i.e. admit of improvement. 1871in N. & Q. 4th Ser. VIII. 156/2 It'll thole a drap mair watter.
†3. To allow, suffer, permit. (With obj. clause, obj. and inf., or equivalent pron.) Obs.
c1070Charter of Leofgifu in Kemble Cod. Dipl. IV. 269 Ic bidde mine leuedien for Godes louen ðat ðu [ne] þolie ðat ani man mine quide awende. c1175Lamb. Hom. 71 Þole us to bi-wepen ure sunne. c1200Ormin 12089 Ȝiff Crist itt nollde þolenn himm Naffde he þærto nan mahhte. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 1583 Þe toun folc..nolde namore þolie þan ssrewe among hom a wede. 13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1859 Þenne he þulged with hir þrepe, & þoled hir to speke. c1400Apol. Loll. 59 Þei be þolid to minister prestly oþer sacraments. 1466Dunfermline Regr. (Bann. Cl.) 356, I sall nocht thole, graunt nore gyff leiffe..to na man.. to draw na drauchtis of wateris throu my landis. 1513Douglas æneis ix. vii. 89 Thoil me to trubble this gret rout of men. 1552Abp. Hamilton Catech. (1884) 35 God will nocht thoile you want your dailie sustentatioun. 1575Churchyard Chippes (1817) 193 God would not thoell, for one mans sake alone: That broyles should cause a million make their mone. 1721Ramsay Prospect of Plenty 83 They'll never thole this great design to tak.
4. intr. To be patient, have patience, wait patiently. dial.
1674Ray N.C. Words 48 Thole a while, i.e. stay a while. 1766A. Nicol Poems 58 (E.D.D.), I do bid them thole a while Till ance the spring come in again. 1896[J. Lumsden] Poems 7 (ibid.) Great is our drouth—but thole a wee.
5. trans. To bear to give; to afford or grant willingly. dial.
1703Thoresby Let. to Ray Gloss. (E.D.S.), Thoyl, to afford. 1828Craven Gloss. s.v., I could thole him t' meat out o' my mouth. 1863Mrs. Toogood Yorksh. Dial. (MS.), He is so covetous he cannot thoil his servants enough food.
▪ V. thole
obs. erron. f. toll, in thole and theam, ‘toll and team’. |