| 释义 |
▪ I. reap, n.1|riːp|
Forms: 1 reopa, rypa, 4–5 reepe, 4–6 repe, 7– reap.
[OE. reopa, rypa, prob. for *ripa, related to rípan or ripan reap v.1]
A bundle or handful of grain or any similar crop; a sheaf, or the quantity sufficient to make a sheaf. (Cf. rip n.)
c825Vesp. Psalter cxxv. 6 Cumað..berende reopan heara. Ibid. cxxviii. 7 Se ðe reopan somnað. a1340Hampole Psalter cxxv. 8 Þai sall cum with gladnes: berand þaire repis. 1388Wyclif Judith viii. 3 Men byndynge togidere reepis in the feeld. c1420Pallad. on Husb. vii. 247 Barly..vppon repes bounde And in a oone ybake. c1460Towneley Myst. ii. 235 As mych as oone reepe. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §29 In some places they lay them [beans and peas] on repes,..and neuer bynde them. 1613Markham Eng. Husbandman xviii. (1635) 116 You may put twentie reapes together, and thereof make a cocke. 1764Museum Rust. II. 81 Though the bottom of the reaps will be a little greenish, they must not be turned to weather the under side. 1805R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. II. 706 They are usually reaped with the sickle, and laid in thin grips or reaps. 1829in Brockett (ed. 2). 1876–in dial. glossaries (Cumb., Northumb., Yks.; Glouc., Som.).
▪ II. reap, n.2|riːp|
Forms: α. 1 hríp(p-, hrip(p-, 1, 4 rip, ryp, 4 ripe, rype, rijp; ripp, ryppe, rep. β. 6 reape, 7, 9 reap.
[OE. ríp or rip related to rípan or ripan reap v.1; on the relationship and history of the forms cf. the note to the vb. Sense 2 is perh. directly from the vb.]
†1. Harvest, reaping. Obs.
αc950Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xiii. 30 Forletas eᵹðer ᵹewæxe wið to hrípe..& in tíd hrípes [etc.; Rushw. ripe(s]. c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. ix. 37–8 Micel rip ys..Biddaþ ðæs ripes hlaford þæt he sende wyrhtan to his ripe. 1382Wyclif Gen. viii. 22 All the daies of the erthe, seed and ripe..shulen not rest. ― 2 Sam. xxi. 9 In the dais of the fyrst rijp [1388 the firste rep or ripp]. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VIII. 185 Þou hast no leve to sette þyn hook in oþer men ripe [v.r. ryppe, rip, ryp(e].
β1542Becon David's Harp Pref., We had nede therefore to pray vnto the Lord of the haruest, to sende out labourers into his reape. 1600W. Watson Decacordon (1602) 239 Your plants are blasted in the bud: your corne shaken before the reape. 1679Blount Anc. Tenures 21 He was..to come to the Lords Reap with all his houshold.
2. A set of reapers.
1826in Hone Every-day Bk. II. 1167 The lord of the harvest is accompanied by his lady (the person is so called who goes second in the reap).
3. Judo. (See quot. 1968.) Cf. next, B. 2 e.
1968K. Smith Judo Dict. 167 Reap, an action of the leg or foot to sweep away the legs or feet of an opponent in execution of a throw. 1975R. Butler Where All Girls are Sweeter ii. 8, I..locked his arm and gave him what the judo boys call a ‘reap’ and his arm cracked loudly as he went down on his back.
▪ III. reap, v.1|riːp|
Forms: see below.
[OE. rípan or ripan (North. rioppa etc.), rypan, reopan, not represented in the cognate languages: the relationship of the various forms and their subsequent history in ME. is to some extent obscure.
The quantity of the vowel in WS. is not certain, but the pl. pa. tense ripon (rypon) would normally correspond to an inf. rípan (conjugated like rídan ride.) For Anglian and North. dial., however, a short vowel is proved by the forms with umlaut (reop-, riop-), and by the spelling with double p; how these forms were conjugated does not appear. Whether an OE. *repan can also be inferred from the late pl. pa. tense rœ́pon, and early ME. reopen, is doubtful.
In ME. the infin. types are rīpe(n and rēpe(n, the former of which might represent either OE. rípan or ripan, and the latter OE. ripan or *repan. The strong conj. of rēpe(n is that of verbs of the fourth and fifth classes, with pa. tense rap, and pa. pple. repe(n or rope(n. The rare pa. tense rope (pl. ropen) may either be a relic of the old conj. of rípan, or a new formation on analogy of the pa. pple. From the 15th c. the conj. has usually been weak, though some strong forms have been retained (or re-formed) in dialect use. The infin. rip, found in some 16th c. writers, is also common in mod. dial., and may partly represent the old northern forms with double p.]
A. Illustration of forms.
1. inf. (and pres.) (α) 1 ripan, rypan, north. hriopa, 3 ripen, ripe, 4 rype.
The normal forms of the present tense in OE. are 1. ripe, 2. ripst, 3. ripð, or ripeð; pl. ripað.
c825Vesp. Psalter cxxviii. 7 Of ðæm ne ᵹefylleð hond his se ripeð. c950Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xxv. 24 Ðu hripes ðer ðu ne sawes. c975Rushw. Gosp. ibid. 26 Ic ripe [c 1000 ripe, rype] þær ic ne seow. c1000ælfric Gen. xlv. 6 Man ne mæᵹ naðer erian ne ripan. c1200Moral Ode 22 (Trin. Coll. MS.) Alle men sulle ripen þat hie ar sewen. c1290ripe [see B. 1]. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 11 Ȝif ȝe [= she] wole wiþ ȝow rype, forbedeþ hir nouȝt.
(β) 1 reopa, 3 reopen; 2– 4 repen, 4–6 repe, 5–6 reepe, 6–8 reape, (6 Sc. raipe), 6– reap.
c825Vesp. Psalter cxxv. 5 Ða sawað in tearum, in ᵹefian hie reopað. a1200–25repen, reopen [see B. 2 b]. a1300E.E. Psalter cxxv. 6 In mikel gladschip repe sal þai. a1325Prose Psalter cxxviii. 6 Of which he þat shal repen, ne fild nouȝt his honde. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. vi. 15 Canstow..Repe. c1420Lydg. Assembly of Gods 1245 Suche as ye haue sowe Must ye nedes reepe. 1530Palsgr. 686/2, I repe corne with a syckell. 1535Coverdale Matt. xxv. 26, I reape where I sowed not. ― Rev. xiv. 15 Thruste in thy sycle and reepe. 1588A. King tr. Canisius' Catech. 185 Quhat so euer a man saues, the same sal he raipe. 1591Spenser M. Hubberd 263 To plough, to plant, to reap. 1707in Hearne Collect. 9 Aug. (O.H.S.) II. 32, I should not reape one peny advantage. 1833Tennyson Lotos-Eaters 166 Sow the seed, and reap the harvest.
(γ) 1 north. hrioppa, hripp-, 6–7 rippe, 6 rip.
c950Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. vi. 26 Fuglas heofnes ne settas..ne rioppas. Ibid. xxv. 26 Ic hrippo ðer ne seawu ic. 1533–4Act 25 Hen. VIII in Bolton Stat. Irel. (1621) 75 Their wages to rippe or binde corne. 1565Cooper Thesaurus s.v. Demeto, to rippe or cut downe with a sickle.
2. a. str. pa. tense 1 pl. ripon, -rypon, ræpon; 4 rap, rope (pl. ropen); dial. 8–9 rope, 9 rep.
c893–a 1122 [see B. 2]. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xiii. 374 If I rope [I wolde] ouer-reche, or ȝaf hem red that ropen [etc.]. 1388Wyclif Ruth ii. 23 So longe sche rap with hem.
b. str. pa. pple. (α) 4 ropen, ropun, -yn, 4–5 rope. (β) 4 repe, 4–5 repen, -yne, (9 reapen).
1382Wyclif Gen. xlv. 6 It may not be eerid, ne ropun. 1388― Song Sol. v. 1, Y haue rope [v.r. repe] my myrre. c1385ropen, -yn, repyne [see B. 2 b]. c1420rope [see B. 2]. 1874Ouida Two little wooden Shoes 256 The wheat was reapen in the fields.
3. a. weak pa. tense 4 repide, 6 rieped, 7–8 reapt, 8– reaped.
1382repiden [see B. 3]. 1542rieped [see B. 4]. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage ix. ix. (1614) 876 That which they reapt on the land. 1724De Foe Mem. Cavalier (1840) 183 The king reaped the fruits of the victory.
b. weak pa. pple. 5–6 reped, 6 reeped, 6– reaped, 7– reap'd; 6 reapt, rept; ripped.
1489reped [see B. 4]. 1535Coverdale Rev. xiv. 16 The earth was reeped. a1547Surrey æneid iv. (1557) F 2 b, Springyng herbes reapt vp with brasen sithes. 1566Painter Pal. Pleas. I. 72 When the wheate was ready to be ripped. 1573Tusser Husb. (1878) 45 Much profit is rept, by sloes well kept. 1611Bible Rev. xiv. 16 The earth was reaped. 1653Milton Hirelings Wks. (1851) 365 From him wherfore should be reap'd?
B. Signification.
1. intr. To perform the action of cutting grain (or any similar crop) with the hook or sickle. Also freq. fig. or in fig. context.
c825[see A. 1 α and β]. c897K. ælfred Gregory's Past. C. xxxix. 284 Se þe him ælc wolcn ondræt, ne ripð se næfre. c950–[see A. 1 α]. c1000ælfric Hom. II. 462 Behealdað þas fleoᵹendan fuᵹelas, ðe ne sawað ne ne ripað. c1250Moral Ode 11 in E.E.P. (1862) 23 Hy mowen sculen & rien þer þe hi ær seowen. c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 303/126 He ne þurte carie of non oþur weork, noþur to ripe ne mowe. 1382Wyclif Rev. xiv. 15 Sende thi sikel, and repe. c1450Mirour Saluacioun 4203 The Austere juge wille repe in place whare he noght sewe. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 11 b, They dyd sowe, & we do repe. 1600Shakes. A.Y.L. iii. ii. 113 They that reap must sheafe and binde. a1822Shelley Men of Eng. vi, Sow seed,—but let no tyrant reap. 1842Tennyson Dora 76 The reapers reap'd, And the sun fell, and all the land was dark.
2. a. trans. To cut (grain, etc.) with the sickle, esp. in harvest; hence, to gather or obtain as a crop (usually of grain) by this or some other process.
c893K. ælfred Oros. iv. viii. §7 Þæt folc him ᵹeþuhte þa hie heora corn ripon..þæt ealle þa ear wæron blodeᵹe. a900O.E. Chron. (Parker MS.) an. 896 On hærfæste..þa hwile þe hie hira corn ᵹerypon. a1122Ibid. (Laud MS.) an. 1089 Maniᵹ men ræpon heora corn onbutan Martines mæssan. 13..Propr. Sanct. (Vernon MS.) in Archiv Stud. neu. Spr. LXXXI. 83/22 [The wheat] is ropen and leid ful lowe. 1382Wyclif Deut. xxiv. 19 Whanne thou repist corn in thi feeld. c1420Pallad. on Husb. x. 127 Now in sum stede is panyk rope and mylde. 1495Trevisa's Barth. De P.R. xvii. clvii. 707 Repers haue repen the corn with hokys and gadred it home. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §29 Pees and benes be moste commonly laste reped or mowen. 1585Higgins tr. Junius' Nomenclator 107 The strawe, stubble..remaining in the grounde after the corne is rept. 1667Milton P.L. xii. 18 Labouring the soile, and reaping plenteous crop. 1717Prior Alma i. 156 No man ever reapt his Corn, Or from the Oven drew his Bread. 1784Cowper Task v. 203 They ploughed and sowed, And reaped their plenty without grudge or strife. 1812Sir J. Sinclair Syst. Husb. Scot. i. 268 Many have reaped more than 60 bolls [of potatoes] from one acre. 1825Cobbett Rur. Rides 239, I am told they give twelve shillings an acre for reaping wheat. 1850Tennyson In Mem. lxiv, Who ploughs with pain his native lea And reaps the labour of his hands.
b. In fig. context.
c1000ælfric Hom. II. 534 ᵹif we eow þa gastlican sæd sawaþ, hwonlic biþ þæt we eowere flæsclican þing ripon. a1200Moral Ode 20 Ȝe mawen sculen & repen þet ho er sowen. a1225Juliana 74 (Bodl. MS.) Ȝe schulen..reopen ripe of þat sed þat ȝe her seowen. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. Prol. 74 Well I wote that ye haue here byforn Of makyng ropyn [v.r. ropen, repyne] and lad a-wey the corn. c1420Lydg. Assembly of Gods 1245 Suche as ye haue sowe Must ye nedes reepe. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. iv. 47, I hop'd to reape the crop of all my care. 1667Milton P.L. iii. 67 Reaping immortal fruits of joy and love. 1718Lady M. W. Montagu Let. to Abbé Conti 19 May, We die or grow old before we can reap the fruit of our labours. 1842Tennyson Locksley Hall 139 What is that to him that reaps not harvest of his youthful joys? 1853Sir H. Douglas Milit. Bridges 147 To reap the fullest fruits of a victory.
c. With down adv., off adv. and prep.
1563Golding Cæsar iv. (1565) 104 In all other quarters y⊇ corn was reaped down, & none standing any where saue in thys one place. 1592Knaresborough Wills (Surtees) I. 187 When the same [barley] shalbe reapte of the feilde. 1649W. Blithe Eng. Improv. Impr. (1653) 75 I'll..begin to enter upon it as soon as the Crop is reaped off.
d. transf. To cut (plants, flowers, etc.) after the fashion of reaping. Also in fig. context.
1721Mortimer Husbandry II. 123 It will repair the hurt you have done to the Plants in reaping their Shoots. 1781Cowper Retirement 753 We reap with bleeding hands Flowers of rank odour upon thorny lands. 1784― Task vi. 939 Compared with which The laurels that a Cæsar reaps are weeds. 1820Keats Lamia i. 318 Baskets heap'd Of amorous herbs and flowers, newly reap'd Late on that eve.
e. Judo. To sweep (one leg or both legs) from under one's opponent.
1950E. J. Harrison Judo iii. 56 When reaping your opponent's leg..you should turn your head..and gaze upwards at the ceiling. 1954E. Dominy Teach Yourself Judo vii. 73 Now bring your right hip past his right and reap his leg away as already described. 1956K. Tomiki Judo iii. 74 Making a sickle of your leg, apply the back of your right knee to that of uke's left knee, crosswise. Sharply reap his left leg toward your right oblique back corner.
3. a. fig. To get in return; to obtain or procure (esp. some profit or advantage) for oneself; to gain, acquire.
c1300S. Cecilia 155 (Ashm. MS.) We schulleþ uor our trauail, þi blisse repe atenende. 1382Wyclif Hosea x. 13 Ȝe han sowe vnpite, ȝe repiden [1388 han rope or repe] wickidnesse. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. Pref. 2 Men may reape frute and commodity. 1573Tusser Husb. (1878) 46 By malt ill kept, small profit is rept. 1630Prynne Anti-Armin. 159 They can reape nothing but discomfort from it. 1671Milton Samson 966 Why do I..suing For peace, reap nothing but repulse and hate? 1711Steele Spect. No. 262 ⁋6 Those Advantages, which the Publick may reap from this Paper. 1752Hume Ess. & Treat. (1777) I. 182 He reaps no satisfaction but from low and sensual objects. 1833Lamb Elia Ser. ii. Pref., He sowed doubtful speeches, and reaped plain, unequivocal hatred. 1863Bright Sp. Amer. 26 Mar. (1876) 126 Where labour..has reaped its greatest reward. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 197 The greatest blessing which you have reaped from wealth.
†b. With material object. Obs. rare.
1601Shakes. Twel. N. iii. i. 144 When wit and youth is come to haruest, Your wife is like to reape a proper man. 1630R. Johnson's Kingd. & Commw. 69 The hils swarme with cattell and sheepe, from whence they reape plenty of butter, cheese, and milke.
c. To take away by force. rare—1.
1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 50 The Bramini..vnresisted reaps her Virgin honour.
4. To cut down or harvest the crop or produce of (a field, etc.). Also with down.
1382Wyclif Jas. v. 4 The hijre of ȝoure werkmen, that repiden ȝoure cuntrees. 1489Caxton Faytes of A. ii. ix. 108 Theyre landes were almost ripe for to be reped. 1526Tindale Jas. v. 4 The labourers which haue reped doune youre feldes. 1542Udall Erasm. Apoph. 210 b, He rieped Asia and had all the eres, and I dooe but gather the stalkes. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 279 With thy Sickle reap the rankest Land. 1784Cowper Task v. 755 Ye may fill your garners, ye that reap The loaded soil. 1827G. S. Faber Sacr. Calend. Prophecy (1844) III. 217 If a king shall behold a country reaping or reaped..he shall quickly hear of the slaughter of his people.
transf.1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, i. iii. 34 His Chin new reapt, Shew'd like a stubble Land at Haruest home.
Hence reaped, ˈreapen, ˈreaping ppl. adjs.
1765Museum Rust. III. 193 At market I sold the reaped wheat at one pound per comb. 1819Keats Fancy 41 Thou shalt hear..Rustle of the reaped corn. 1844H. Stephens Bk. Farm III. 1069 In reaped sheaves..the straws are straight and hard pressed. 1865Swinburne Poems & Ball., Garden of Proserpine 6 For reaping folk and sowing. 1874Ouida Two little wooden Shoes 206 The purple brow of the just reapen lands. 1887R. L. Stevenson Merry Men iii. 131 Scythes for the reaping angel of Death.
▪ IV. reap, v.2|riːp|
Now only dial.
[Var. of rip, due to the existence of rip as var. of reap v.1]
trans. To rip up (a matter).
1580Lyly Euphues Wks. 1902 II. 143 The rages of friendes, reaping vp al the hidden malices, or suspicions, or follyes that lay lurking in the minde. 1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 374 The Courtiers are shy of her Company, because of reaping up their old Sins. 1862Mrs. H. Wood Channings III. 52, I am sorry you should have reaped up this matter. 1873–in many dial. (esp. northern and western) glossaries. |