| 释义 |
extramural, a.|ɛkstrəˈmjʊərəl|
[f. L. extrā mūr-ōs outside the walls + -al1: see extra- prefix and mural. Cf. late L. extrāmūrānus in same sense.]
a. Outside the walls or boundaries of a city or town; esp. in extra-mural interment. spec. in Education, of institutions or teaching organized by a university or college for persons other than its resident students.
1854Card. Wiseman Fabiola (1855) 155 The extramural basilicas of St. Paul on the Ostian way. 1861Pearson Early & Mid. Ages Eng. 27 Large sewers, large aqueducts, and extramural interment, are common features. 1884Science Mar. 371 The..arrangements by which medical men not connected with the university give..‘Extra-mural’ instruction. 1901Daily Chron. 1 June 3/4 All extra⁓mural colleges, high-grade schools, art and technical institutions. 1962Lancet 15 Dec. 1261/1 In the middle 'forties the end of extramural teaching in Glasgow..left the Faculty at a low ebb. 1969I. & P. Opie Children's Games p. xv, The Department of Extramural Studies, Keele University.
b. transf. and fig.
1955Times 10 June 6/2 The opening of Parliament yesterday was shorn of all such extramural spectacle as the Queen's drive in state. 1964G. L. Cohen What's Wrong with Hospitals? iii. 57 Let the almoner deal with him—a consultant has no time for extra-mural comforting. 1966J. Wainwright Crystallised Carbon Pig xiii. 59 The nightly rendezvous for the city's sugar daddies, extra-mural secretaries, bald-headed Lochinvars.
Hence extraˈmuralism, the practice of giving extramural instruction. extraˈmuralist nonce-wd., one who lives outside the walls of a city. extraˈmurally adv., in an extramural way.
1868Imperial Rev. 7 Mar. 228 All the city..all except the outcast extramuralists..are soon reduced to ashes. 1892Sat. Rev. 14 May 571/1 There remained only the principle of..‘Extramuralism’ to be reckoned with. 1927Observer 5 June 7/2 The University College of the South-West is the youngest of our University institutions; but during the short period of its career it has developed considerably both intra- and extra-murally. |