| 释义 |
▪ I. extravagant, a. and n.|ɛkˈstrævəgənt|
Also 6, 7 aphet. stravagant.
[In the special use A. 2, B. 1, directly ad. med.L. extrāvagant-em, pr. pple. of extrāvagārī (or extrā vagārī): see extravagate. The wider use came late in 16th c. from Fr. extravagant, which appears first in 14th c. The form stravagant, from It., is somewhat earlier in our quots. Cf. It. estravagante, stravagante (15th c.), Sp. estravagante.]
A. adj.
†1. That wanders out of bounds; straying, roaming, vagrant. Obs. exc. after Shakes.
1602Shakes. Ham. i. i. 154 At his [the cock's] warning..Th' extrauagant, and erring Spirit hyes to his Confine. 1604― Oth. i. i. 137 An extrauagant, and wheeling Stranger, Of here, and euerywhere. 1615G. Sandys Trav. 93 Now dispersed into ample lakes, and again recollecting his extrauagant waters. 1841–4Emerson Ess., Hist. Wks. (Bohn) I. 12 Rare, extravagant spirits come by us at intervals.
†b. Mil. Of an officer: Keeping no fixed place; having a roving function. Obs.
1622Markham Bk. War ii. viii. 69 He [the Serjeant] hath in the body of the Company, no Raunge at all, but is extravagant, and going vp and downe to oversee all Raunges. 1672T. Venn Mil. & Mar. Discipl. v. 13 The two other Corporals to be extravagant, that is to view and see each Soldier keep his place.
2. Canon Law. The distinctive epithet of certain papal constitutions.[The L. adj. seems originally to have been applied casually to denote ‘stray’ decrees not codified or collected in the decretals. They were afterwards added to the decretals, but retained their customary designation, to distinguish them from the older portions of the collection.] 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VIII. 285 A constitucioun þat is not i-putte in þe course of lawes is i-cleped a constitucioun extravagant. 1608T. Morton Preamb. Incounter 109 He citeth the Constitution extrauagant of Pope Bonifacius. 1885Catholic Dict. s.v., Each title being devoted to one or more ‘extravagant’ Constitutions.
†3. Spreading or projecting beyond bounds; straggling. Obs.
1605B. Jonson Masque Blackness Wks. (1616) 894 They [the Masquers] were all seene, but in an extrauagant order. 1650Fuller Pisgah iii. iv. 323 The prominency of this extravagant Tower. 1664Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 204 Cutting the too thick and extravagant Roots a little. 1669Worlidge Syst. Agric. (1681) 111 Trimming up such as you spare for Standards..from their extravagant Branches.
†4. Widely divergent or discrepant (from, to); remote from, irrelevant or foreign to a purpose or subject. Obs.
1601Bp. Barlow Defence Prot. Relig. 115 A position extrauagant from all learning. 1605Verstegan Dec. Intell. x. (1628) 337 Other languages, such as vnto ours are altogether strange and extrauagant. 1650S. Clarke Eccl. Hist. i. (1654) 108 He never brake forth into reproaches extravagant from the cause. 1654H. L'Estrange Chas. I (1655) 166 They were indeed the more knowing men, but their learning was extravagant to their Office. 1660Hickeringill Jamaica (1661) 55 Whose Character..I deem not much extravagant here to insert. 1665Boyle Occas. Refl. vi. iii. 200 Wondring to find our Customs so extravagant and differing from those of his Country.
†5. Varying widely from what is usual or proper; unusual, abnormal, strange; unbecoming, unsuitable. Obs.
1650Fuller Pisgah v. viii. 157 Persons..treacherously slain, which occasioned their hasty, tumultuary, and extravagant interment. 1664Power Exp. Philos. ii. vii. 109 Those extravagant Phænomena, which we observed in the first Experiment of Torricellius. a1668Davenant Masque Wks. (1673) 383 In an extravagant posture stood a Tyger. 1689Luttrell Brief. Rel. (1857) I. 586 Some..officers, are taken into custody for drinking extravagant healths, and speaking reflectingly of his majestie. 1689Burnet Tracts I. 12 Lausanne is situated on three Hills..This extravagant situation of the Town. 1701tr. Le Clerc's Prim. Fathers (1702) 56 A Garment which is not commonly seen, seems Extravagant, though it was Fashionable in former Times.
6. ‘Roving beyond just limits or prescribed methods’ (J.); exceeding the bounds of reason or propriety; excessive, irregular, fantastically absurd. Now with stronger sense: Astonishingly or flagrantly excessive or extreme.
a. of persons. Now rare exc. with agent-noun or const. in.
1599B. Jonson Ev. Man out of Hum. Induct., Shall I be so extrauagant to thinke, That [etc.]. 1633Durie in Presbyt. Rev. (1887) 305 Those yt were so extrauagant as to maintaine it unlawfull [etc.]. 1662Stillingfl. Orig. Sacr. i. iii. §1 For them to have been so extravagant in their accounts of themselves. 1704Hearne Duct. Hist. (1714) I. 211 Zedekiah had..no regard..for Virtue; and his companions were altogether as impious and extravagant as himself. 1815W. H. Ireland Scribbleomania 73 The extravagant panegyrist of various living characters. 1840Macaulay Ranke Ess. 1854 II. 556/1 He [the enthusiast] may be vulgar, ignorant, visionary, extravagant.
b. of dispositions, passions, actions, opinions, conditions, demands, etc.
1588Shakes. L.L.L. iv. ii. 68 This is a gift that I haue..a foolish extrauagant spirit, full of formes, figures, shapes [etc.]. 1676D'Urfey Mad. Fickle iii. i, Your Father's in an extravagant rage. 1711Addison Spect. No. 160 ⁋3 There appears something nobly wild and extravagant in great natural Genius's. 1769Robertson Chas. V, V. iv. 372 It was impossible..that the emperor would listen to these extravagant demands. 1809Med. Jrnl. XXI. 123 A mind poisoned by extravagant opinions. 1821Craig Lect. Drawing iv. 204 The extravagant praise bestowed on the best pictures of the Greeks. 1848Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 164 Both had..extravagant whimsies about dress. 1868J. H. Blunt Ref. Ch. Eng. I. 300 It is not extravagant to suppose..that they had secret instructions.
7. Exceeding the bounds of economy or necessity in expenditure, mode of living, etc.; profuse, prodigal, wasteful.
a. Of persons. (Const. of.)
1711Addison Spect. No. 243 ⁋8 An extravagant Man..has nothing else to recommend him but a false Generosity. 1739R. Bull tr. Dedekindus' Grobianus 55 What need we prove extravagant of Time. 1814Jane Austen Mansf. Park (1851) 16 His eldest son was careless and extravagant. 1879Froude Cæsar i. 6 The rich were extravagant, for life had ceased to have practical interest, except for its material pleasures.
b. Of expense, interest, price, etc.: Exorbitant.
1707Freind Peterborow's Cond. Sp. 165 His Lordship gave an extravagant interest of 20 per cent. 1725De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 99 The price..was to us indeed extravagant though to them moderate. 1868M. Pattison Academ. Org. iv. 106 An extravagant price to pay for the encouragement of sacred learning.
B. n.
1. Canon Law. An ‘extravagant’ constitution: see A. 2.
1502Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W.) iv. viii. 189 Those yt cut..y⊇ body of ony deed persone..ben acursed..by the extrauagant of Bonyface. a1612Donne βιαθανατος (1644) 85 The Canon law, to which the Canonist will stand..are the Decretall letters, and all the extravagants. 1765Blackstone Comm. I. 82 Gratian's decree, Gregory's decretals, the sixth decretal, the Clementine constitutions, and the extravagants of John and his successors, form the..body of the Roman canon law. 1882Stubbs Hist. Lect. (1886) 306 The Extravagants as they were called, that is the authoritative sentences of the Popes which were not yet codified.
†2. One who strays or wanders from a place; a vagrant, wanderer. Obs.
1583Stubbes Anat. Abus. i. (1877–9) 172 May you as rogues, extrauagantes, and straglers from the Heauenlye Country, be arrested of..Christ Iesus. 1615T. Adams White Devile 27 I speak to you settled Citizens not Extravagants. 1630–50Bradford Plymouth Plantation ii. (1856) 187 Ordinarie officers are bound cheefly to their flocks..and are not to be extravagants.
fig.1654H. L'Estrange Chas. I (1655) 97 [They] are censurable for extravagants from their Commission.
†3. One who does not keep within ordinary or reasonable limits; an exceptional or eccentric person; a fanatic. Obs.
1626W. Sclater Exp. 2 Thess. (1629) 242 Haters of God..the stile of some extravagants in nature. 1676Glanvill Ess. iv. §4. 20 The Extravagants among us may be really distracted in the Affairs of Religion, though their Brains are untouch'd in other Matters. 1678Trans. Crt. Spain ii. 147 Whereby it may be seen what the rage of these extravagants was against the Vice-Roy. 1768Richardson Clarissa VII. ii. 60 The dear Extravagant takes a delight in oddnesses.
†b. One who exceeds the bounds of moderation in expenditure, expensive living, etc.; a wasteful person, a spendthrift. Obs.
1745Dodsley Poems, Pain & Patience vi, The wild extravagant, whose thoughtless hand, With lavish tasteless pride, commits expence. 1777Sheridan Sch. Scand. i. i, Charles..that extravagant, that bankrupt in fortune and reputation. a1797Walpole Mem. Geo. III (1859) II. 39 A new club which by the excess of play should draw all the young extravagants thither. 1825C. M. Westmacott Eng. Spy I. 42 A good humoured sporting extravagant.
†4. An extravagant act, statement, etc.; = extravagancy 3. Obs.
1644Laud Wks. (1854) IV. 55 He fell foul upon me again..as that I was the author of all the extravagants in the Government. 1652Gaule Magastrom. 107 Figments of mens brain, monsters of nature, devious extravagants, etc. 1700T. Brown tr. Fresny's Amusem. Ser. & Comic 148 Examine well this serious Extravagant..The Fools Bawble he makes such a pother with, is his Probity.
†b. (See quots.). Obs.[Boorde's use may be transf. from i.] 1547Boorde Brev. Health ii. Pref., By cause I dyd..leaue out many thynges in the fyrste boke..in this boke named ‘the Extrauagantes’ I haue supplied those matters. 1634J. Bate Myst. Nat. & Art iv. To Rdr., As there were divers experiments that I could not conveniently..dispose in..order..I thought it would not bee amisse to call them by the names of Extravagants.
†c. (See quot.). Obs.
1622Malynes Anc. Law-Merch. 129 Certaine Merchants contracts..are called Extrauagants, because the manner either of buying or selling of commodities..is rare and but vsed in some places.
▪ II. † exˈtravagant, v. Obs. rare—1.
[f. prec. adj.]
intr. = extravagate.
1656S. H. Gold. Law 21 To keep the so chosen within their said bounds, that they extravagant not. |