| 释义 |
throughout, prep., adv., a.|θruːˈaʊt|
ME. forms (more than 70) in þurh, þuruh, þurgh, þurȝe, þurf, þoru, þorw, þoruȝ, þorȝ, þorȝe, þorou, þorow(e, thairgh, thurf, thorgh, thorow, thorough, thorrow, thru, thro, throw, etc. with út(e, out(e, owt(e, etc.; also contr. 2 þurut, 5 þrowte, throute, 5–6 thorowte, throwt, etc. A prevalent form in 6–7 was thorow-out; through-out noted first in 6. Also (chiefly N. Amer.) thruout, thru-out (see thru s.v. through prep. and adv. A. β).
[In OE. two words, þurh through, út out, later gradually combined or hyphened. Cf. Ger. durchaus (16th c. in Grimm).]
A. prep.
†1. Through and out at the other side; completely or right through (a material body, or a place); sometimes simply = through prep. 1, 2. Obs. (or arch.).
c1066O.E. Chron. an. 1066 (MS. C.), He for þurhut Eoferwic. c1205Lay. 315 He..ihitte his aȝene fader Þurh ut þere broste. c1305St. Lucy 151 in E.E.P. (1862) 105 Þo heo [St. Lucy] was þurfout þe þrote ismyte þe bet heo spac ynouȝ. 13..Cursor M. 1036 (Cott.) Þis flummes four..Thoru out all oþer contres rinnes. c1380Sir Ferumb. 4558 As liȝtliche as hit had ibeo wax, ran þe strok þanne of ys ax Chayne & tre þorȝoute. c1400Mandeville (1839) v. 41 The Ryuere of Euphrate ran þorgh out the cytee. c1420Anturs of Arth. 315 (Thornton MS.) Me buse wende one my waye, thorowte this wode. c1470Henry Wallace ii. 56 Throuch oute the thikest of the pres he ȝeid. 1513Douglas æneis vi. i. 121 The cald dreid..Thirland throwout hard banis. c1614Mure Dido & æneas i. 153 Throughout the streets her hurling chariots roll. 1629Wadsworth Pilgr. iv. 35 [He] gaue vs two broad sides.., shooting..our ships through, and through out.
2. a. Through the whole of (a space, region, etc.); in or to every part of; everywhere in. (Cf. through prep. 3.)
† throughout all thing (quot. c 1380), in all points: = through all thing (through prep. 3 c).
c1205Lay. 29537 Þa iwende seint Austin vorð..þurh ut Englelond. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 8589 Þoru out al þat lond it [the wind] dude sorwe inou. 1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 4359 Thurgh-out þe world, ferre and nere. c1380Sir Ferumb. 1500 Wel y-armed þorw-out al þyng euerechone þey ware. 1399Langl. Rich. Redeles ii. 5 So ryff as þey ronne ȝoure rewme þoru-oute. c1440R. Gloucester's Chron. 6901 (MS. δ) Throute al þe londe sone þys word drou. 1558Warde tr. Alexis' Secr. (1568) 40 b, That great and vehement plague in the yere 1348 which crepte thorowe oute all the worlde. 1583Stubbes Anat. Abus. ii. (1882) 21 In euery parish through⁓out the Realme. 1599Chapman Hum. Dayes Myrth Plays 1873 I. 51 Yet hath the morning sprinckled throwt the clowdes, But halfe her tincture. 1674Brevint Saul at Endor 247 Thro-out all the Catholic Countries. 1783Ld. Hailes Antiq. Chr. Ch. ii. 31 The Jews throughout the empire. 1883Gilmour Mongols xviii. 213 Throughout the length and breadth of the country. 1922Proc. IRE X. 260 During the past winter an amateur spark station located at Cleveland, Ohio..was received nightly at Yonkers, New York..with sufficient intensity to enable the signals to be read thruout the room.
b. Through or during the whole of (a period of time or course of action); from beginning to end of. (Cf. through prep. 4, 5.)
c1540Pilgr. T. 195 in Thynne's Animadv. (1875) App. i. 82 And so thorow-out the hole story. 1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, i. i. 42 Ne're throughout the yeere to Church thou go'st. 1641Milton Ch. Govt. i. i, There is not that thing in the world of more..urgent importance throughout the whole life of man, than is discipline. a1672Wood Life 3 May an. 1661 (O.H.S.) I. 393 A. W...was present throut all the transactions. 1709Steele Tatler No. 78 ⁋8 Hippocrates, who visited me throughout my whole Illness. 1799Nelson in Nicolas Disp. (1845) III. 307 Throughout my command in the Levant seas. 1868Freeman Norm. Conq. II. vii. 78 Harold and Swegen.., by their invasion of Denmark, gave him full occupation throughout the year.
†3. By means of, by the action of, by, from: = through prep. 7–8. Obs. rare.
a1240Wohunge in Cott. Hom. 271 Ich hit rewli fordide þurh-hut mine sunnes. 13..Cursor M. 16317 (Cott.) Sai me nu qui Þou ert als prisun tan, Thoruut þis biscop and his men? c1400Rom. Rose 3489 Thurghout my deming outerly, Than had he knowlege certeinly, That Love me ladde in sich a wyse.
B. adv.
†1.
a. Right through, quite through, so as to penetrate completely. Obs.
c1000ælfric Saints' Lives xii. 55 Swa þæt þæt spere him eode þurh ut. a1300Sarmun xxxiv. in E.E.P. (1862) 5 Sei sinful man..well aȝt þi hert þroȝ ute cleue. a1450Le Morte Arth. 3115 Fele men lyeth..With bryght brondys throw-owte borne. 1470–85Malory Arthur xix. vi. 781 One of the barres of yron kytte the braune of his handes thurgh out to the bone. a1533Ld. Berners Huon lv. 186 The shelde was perced through out.
†b. Right through from beginning to end (of a time, an action, a book, etc.); to the end of a journey without stopping. Obs.
a1400–50Alexander 4737 Þus thre daies in þat thede thurgh-out þai lengid. 1656Duchess of Newcastle Nature's Pict. C ij, I never read a Romancy Book throughout in all my life. 1660F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc's Trav. 24 The Merchants..rest here in their journy to the Indies, whereas before they went throughout, without landing here.
2. a. Through the whole of a body, region, etc.; in or to every part, everywhere.
c1175Lamb. Hom. 27 Ane berninde glede þet hine al forbernað þurut to cole. c1290St. Brendan 476 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 232 Þoru-out swart and brenninde. c1450Mirour Saluacioun 1261 This virgine fulle of splendour and thorgh out lumynouse. 1544Test. Ebor. (Surtees) VI. 210 A furde gowne lyned with foxe thorow-oute. 1607Shakes. Timon v. i. 212 Tell Athens, in the sequence of degree, From high to low throughout, that [etc.]. 1611Bible John xix. 23 The coat was without seame, wouen from the top thorowout. a1700Dryden Epit. on Sir P. Fairborne 15 His youth and age..All of a piece through⁓out, and all divine. 1880Geikie Phys. Geog. v. xxxi. 562 The plains of Central Europe..are clothed with a vegetation which has one common character throughout. 1968Globe & Mail (Toronto) 17 Feb. 46/6 (Advt.), 6 room brick bungalow with 3 finished rooms in basement, new broadloom thruout. 1976–7Sea Spray (N.Z.) Dec./Jan. 119/1 (Advt.), All kauri ply and timber used exclusively thru-out.
b. Through the whole of a time or course of action; at every moment or point; all through.
1766Fordyce Serm. Yng. Wom. (1767) II. ix. 56 Act on these Principles throughout. 1833H. Martineau Berkeley the Banker i. ix, Do not treat me as if I had not been your friend and adviser throughout. 1866J. Martineau Ess. I. 206 Mr. Spencer treats the two cases as parallel through⁓out. 1885Manch. Exam. 22 Sept. 5/6 To-day has been beautifully fine throughout.
†3. Completely, entirely, thoroughly. Obs.
c1200Vices & Virt. 73 Ȝif ðu wilt..bien ðurhut god mann. a1250Owl & Night. 877 Þeyh summe men beon þurhut gode & þurhut clene on heore mode. c1300Beket 262 If he hadde of his owe flesch thurfout seignurye. 1470–85Malory Arthur vii. xxiii. 250 Ther was no man..sholde hele hym thorou oute of his wound.
†C. adj. Obs.
1. Thorough, out-and-out.
1387–8T. Usk Test. Love ii. v. (Skeat) l. 105 Often, when there is a throw out shrewe, he coineth al the gold,..to haue in his bandon. Ibid. vi. l. 69 All the bodily goods..comen oft to throw out shrewes. 1670Brooks Wks. (1867) VI. 115, I cannot charge such throughout saints..with that horrid profanation of the Sabbath.
2. That is so throughout; permanent. rare.
1701Beverley Glory of Grace 4 The uninterrupted, and throughout Efficiency of grace. |