| 释义 |
▪ I. felt, n.1|fɛlt|
Also 4 feltte, 5 feelte, 6 (fealt,) felte, fylt.
[OE. felt = MDu. and Du. vilt, OHG. filz (MHG. vilz, mod.G. filz), Sw. and Da. filt:—OTeut. *felto-z-, filtiz-:—pre-Teut. *peldos-, -es-. Kluge compares OSlav. plŭstĭ of same meaning.
From the WGer. *filtir:—OTeut. *filtiz comes the med.L. filtrum filter.]
1. A kind of cloth or stuff made of wool, or of wool and fur or hair, fulled or wrought into a compact substance by rolling and pressure, with lees or size. Also pl.
c1000ælfric Gloss. in Wr.-Wülcker 120 Centrum, uel filtrum, felt. c1440Promp. Parv. 154/2 Feelte or quylte, filtrum. c1450J. de Garlande in Wright Voc. 124 Capellarii faciunt capella (hattys) de fultro (feltte). 1555Eden Decades 281 Clokes made of whyte feltes. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage iv. xiii. (1614) 411 They have also Idolls of Felt. 1675Ogilby Brit. 66 Their Trade is in making Serges and Felts. 1801Wolcott (P. Pindar) Tears & Smiles Wks. 1812 V. 58 Mute Silence with her feet in felt, Did stalk from vale to vale. 1848Dickens Dombey xviii, After dark there come some visitors, with shoes of felt. 1892Daily News 18 May 2/7 A fair trade is passing in..felts.
2. a. A piece of this material, something made of felt. † In early use: A filter made of felt or cloth.
1527Andrew Brunswyke's Distyll. Waters A j b, The first without coste is done thrughe a thre cornered fylt named per filtri distillacionem. 1544T. Phaer Regim. Lyfe (1553) G vij a, Take a great sponge or els a felt of a hat, and stiepe it in wine. c1550Lloyd Treas. Health (1585) I j, A felte of heare or cloth. 1612Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 253 Filtrum, a felt. This filtring with a felt, is a kind of preparation of medicines liquid. 1708Motteux Rabelais iv. xxxi. (1737) 128 His Throat, like a Felt to distil Hippocras. 1753Hanway Trav. (1762) I. iii. xxxiv. 155 On the sides of the room are felts about a yard broad. 1853M. Arnold Sohrab & Rustum 27 The old man sleeping on the bed Of rugs and felts.
b. esp. A felt hat.
c1450Merlin 279 And on his heede a felt. 1552Act 5–6 Edw. VI, c. 24 §2 They that shall so make or work any such Felts or Hats. 1587Turberv. Epit. & Sonn. (1837) 386 The Cassocke beares his fealt, to force away the raine. 1621G. Sandys Ovid's Met. i. (1626) 18 He wings his heeles, puts on his Felt, and takes His drowsie Rod. 1745De Foe's Eng. Tradesman xxvi. (1841) I. 263 The hat is a felt from Leicester. 1812H. & J. Smith Rej. Addr., Theatre (1852) 166 The youth with joy unfeign'd Regained the felt, and felt what he regained. 1892Pall Mall G. 18 Aug. 1/2 There is no very striking novelty in felts.
†c. transf. A hat made of any other material.
1610B. Jonson Alch. i. i, A felt of rugg. 1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1638) 338 Others weare high caps or felts made of fine twigs.
d. A piece of woven cloth with a felted nap used in paper-making.
1752Chambers Cycl. II. s.v. Paper, The coucher, who couches it upon a felt laid on a plank, and lays another felt on it. 1839Ure Dict. Arts 927 Felts and paper are alternately stratified, till a heap of six or eight quires is formed. 1957Encycl. Brit. XVII. 236/1 Some machines are provided with an endless felt which presses against the wire to pick off the paper and carry it through the first press.
3. A thickly matted mass of hair or other fibrous substance; hence, a provincial name for the creeping wheat-grass or couch-grass (Triticum repens).
13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 1689 Faxe fyltered & felt flosed hym vmbe. 1794Statist. Acc. Scot. XI. 374 The creeping wheat-grass, known by the vulgar name of felt or pirl-grass. 1866Gregor Dial. Banff, ‘The lan's a' ae felt of weeds.’ ‘That steer hiz a richt felt o' hair.’
4. attrib. and Comb.
a. attrib. in sense ‘concerned with felt’, as felt-branch; ‘suitable for felting’, as felt-wool; ‘made of felt’, as felt-cap, felt-cape, felt-carpet, felt-carpeting, felt-cloak, felt-cloth, felt-hat, felt-mantle; also felt-like adj.b. objective, as felt-maker, felt-making, felt-monger, felt-roller, felt-washer.
c. instrumental, as felt-lined, felt-shod.
1883Daily News 17 Sept. 2/3 Quietness still prevails in the *felt branches.
1886Sheldon tr. Flaubert's Salammbo 8 Little, conical-shaped, black *felt caps.
1865Kingsley Herew. iv, They adopted plaid trousers and *felt capes.
1874Knight Dict. Mech., *Felt-carpet.
1881Every Man his own Mechanic §798. 366 A piece of *felt carpeting.
1599Hakluyt Voy. II. 162 *Felt clokes.
1882in Ogilvie (Annandale), *Felt-cloth.
1457in Rogers Agric. & Prices III. 555/3, 1 *felt hat, -/10. 1703T. N. City & C. Purchaser 190, 2 pieces of an old Felt-hat. 1865Kingsley Herew. xiii, He had a broad felt hat and long boots.
1611Cotgr., Feustre..the thicke hairen and *felt-like stuffe vsed by Sadlers for stuffing.
1893Daily News 6 Mar. 7/4 In *felt-lined cases.
1562Act 5 Eliz. c. 4 §3 Hatmakers or *Feltmakers. 1641Sir E. Dering Sp. on Relig. xiv. 64 Braziers, Feltmakers, doe climbe our..Pulpits. 1879C. Dickens Dict. Lond. 70/3 City Companies..Feltmakers.
1665–6Pepys Diary (1879) III. 386 The trade of *felt⁓making. 1844J. Rennie Bird Archit. 202 Felt-making Birds.
1583Hollyband Campo di Fior 381 Bring me my long *felt mantell.
1630J. Taylor (Water P.) Pastoral Wks. iii. 58/1 Felmongers, Leather sellers, *Feltmongers, Taylors, and an infinite number of other Trades and Functions.
1874Knight Dict. Mech., Felt 2..appurtenances of the felt are known as *felt-washers, *felt-rollers, etc.
1844I. Williams Baptistery xxiii. 240 Where silence..With *felt-shod footsteps softly went.
1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts 626 And the wooll thereof..is called Feltriolana, *Felt-wooll. 1705Lond. Gaz. No. 4184/4, 302 Bags of Cloth wash'd and unwash'd Spanish Felt Wooll.
d. Special combs., as felt-grain (see quot. 1874); † felt-lock, ? a matted forelock; felt-side, the upper surface of a sheet of machine-made paper (see sense 2 d, quot. 1957); felt(-tip, -tipped) pen, a pen with a felt point, used for labelling, etc.; also ellipt. as felt-tip; so felt-tip v. trans., to write (something) using a felt-tipped pen; felt-work, a structure resembling felt.
1703T. N. City & C. Purchaser 187 *Felt-grain..is that Grain which is seen to run round in Rings at the end of a Tree. 1874Knight Dict. Mech., Felt-grain..the grain of wood whose direction is from the pith to the bark; the direction of the medullary rays in oak and some other timber.
1631Shirley Mart. Souldier iv. iii. in Bullen O. Pl. I. 236 Her haire..curles like a witches *feltlocks. 1650Bulwer Anthropomet. 53 For which cause they [the Irish] nourish long Fealt-locks hanging down to their shoulders.
1957Stationery Trade Ref. Bk. 33/2 Cushman & Denison Co. Ltd... Manufacturers of *felt tip pens and inks. 1964Trademark Register 1963 (U.S.) 268 Yankee-Doodle. Zip-Mark Corp...felt-tipped pens. 1965Ibid. 1964 230 Felt-riter. Time Saving Specialities..felt marking pens. 1966Guardian 3 Jan. 2/5 The secret bards [sc. graffiti-writers] have taken to felt-tipped pens. 1966D. Francis Flying Finish x. 127 Mike..was already writing names on disposable cups with a red felt pen. 1967T. Baird Finding Out x. 87 He charted a course with a felt-tipped marking pen. 1969Soviet Weekly 6 Sept. 2 Anyhow, I got the job of buying all the things that did not require his personal attendance—notebooks, ball-points, feltpens, [etc.].
1973Daily Tel. 8 May 18/7 Of the six obscenities ‘felt-tipped’ on the seat, three were spelt correctly. 1975Language for Life (Dept. Educ. & Sci.) xi. 185 There should be plenty of suitable tools: soft pencils, crayons, and felt-tips. 1978Times Lit. Suppl. 1 Dec. 1392/2 Others are hastily scrawled in blunt pencil,..or a child's mauve felt tip. 1984Times 30 Oct. 10/1 We took the measure..to prevent the irresponsible few from felt-tipping record requests on the paving stones.
1959R. Hostettler et al. Techn. Terms Printing Ind. (ed. 3) 75 (caption) Felt side; top side.
1844J. Rennie Bird Archit. 209 Several species of birds which construct nests of *felt-work in Southern Africa.
▪ II. † felt, n.2 Sc. Obs.
= calculus 1. Also attrib. in felt-gravel.
c1520A. Myln Vitæ Dunkeld. eccl. episcop. (Bann. Clb.) 47 Calculo (quem lie felt vulgo dicebant) depressus. a1605Montgomerie Flyting w. Polwart 313 The frencie, the fluxes, the fyke, and the felt. a1639Spottiswood Hist. Ch. Scot. (1655) 101 He was tormented with the Felt gravel.
▪ III. felt, n.3 dial.|fɛlt|
See quots.
1881Leicestersh. Gloss., Felt, the fieldfare. 1885Swainson Prov. Names Brit. Birds 2 Missel Thrush..Big Felt (Ireland).
▪ IV. felt, n.4 dial.|fɛlt|
[? a confusion of fell n.1, felt n.1, pelt n.]
A skin or hide.
1708Mortimer Husb. (ed. 2) 179 To know whether they [sheep] are sound or not, see that..the Felt [be] loose. 1783Ainsworth Lat. Dict. (Morell) 11, Exuviæ..(3) The skin, felt, or hide, of a beast, taken from the flesh. 1888Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk., Felt..raw hide; dried untanned skin of any animal.
▪ V. felt, ppl. a.|fɛlt|
[pa. pple. of feel v.]
In various senses of the vb. feel.
1581Mulcaster Positions xxx. (1887) 113 Where no sensible let is, no felt feeblenesse. 1640Bp. Hall Chr. Moder. 23/1 Sorrow is for present and felt evils. 1833Chalmers Const. Man (1835) I. i. 109 Armed with the felt authority of a master. 1850McCosh Div. Govt. i. ii. (1874) 41 Man is in felt contact nowhere with the Creator. 1885Nicolson Mem. Adam Black Pref. 5 One of the ‘felt wants’ of our time.
▪ VI. felt, v.|fɛlt|
[f. felt n.1]
1. trans. To make into felt; to bring into a consistence like that of felt; to mat or press together. Also, to felt together.
1513[see felted ppl. a. below]. 1601Holland Pliny xi. xxiii, They fal to beat, to felt, and thicken it close with their feet. 1609― Amm. Marcell. xvii. vii. 89 The sides thereof, hard baked or felted together. 1677Hale Prim. Orig. Man. ii. iv. 157 One Man [printed Men] felts it into a Hat. 1805J. Luccock Nat. Wool 164 So little is known of the proceedings of nature in the operation of felting. 1835Ure Philos. Manuf. 153 Too great a velocity in these parts would be apt to knot and felt the wool. 1861Hulme tr. Moquin-Tandon ii. iii. 68 The hairs become felted together in balls. 1862C. A. Johns Brit. Birds (1874) 73 A compact nest of moss, felted so as to be impervious to water. 1874Cooke Fungi 75 The fertile threads are either free or only slightly felted. 1879Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 342/1 The cloth is felted, that is, the fibres of the wool..interlock or hook into each other.
b. To make of felt.
1325,1854[see felted ppl. a. below].
2. intr. for refl. To form into felt-like masses, to become matted together.
1791Hamilton Berthollet's Dyeing I. i. ii. i. 129 The disposition to felting which the hair of animals generally possesses. 1805J. Luccock Nat. Wool 135 The tendency of the coat to felt upon the back of the sheep is a very curious property of wool. 1879Encycl. Brit. (ed. 9) IX. 68/2 Unwashed wool, being coated with the natural grease does not felt. 1881Mivart Cat 23 True hair..has not the property of ‘felting’, because its surface is smooth.
3. trans. To cover with felt.
1883Daily News 17 Sept. 3/2 The roof of one of the huts has just been newly felted. Mod. The cylinder of that steam-engine should be felted.
Hence ˈfelted ppl. a.
c1325Poem Times Edw. II 145 in Pol. Songs (Camden) 330 Hi weren sockes in here shon, and felted botes above. 1513Douglas æneis vi. v. 11 Lyart feltat tatis. 1603Holland Plutarch's Mor., Opin. of Phil. xxv. 824 The Moone is a thicke, compact, and felted cloud. 1831Carlyle Sart. Res. (1858) 35 Thy impenetrable, felted or woven, case of wool. 1847Ansted Anc. World xiii. 319 A curly felted mane at the fore part of the body. 1854Marion Harland Alone xxv, A pair of felted slippers. 1878Huxley Physiogr. 233 Muddy matter..helps to consolidate the felted mass.
▪ VII. felt(e
obs. form of field. |