| 释义 |
▪ I. tind, v. Obs. exc. dial.|tɪnd|
Forms: α. (1 tendan), 2–3 tenden, 3–5 tende, 4 (3rd pers. sing.) tent; pa. tense 3–5 tende, 4 tendede; pa. pple. 2–4 itend, 2 itent, itende, 3–5 tende, 4 ytend, 4–5 tend. β. 4 teende, 6–7 (9 dial.) teend; pa. pple. 4 teendid. γ. 3 tiende, 5 tynd, 6 tinde, 6–7 tynde, 5– tind; pa. pple. 6 tynded, 6–7 tinded. δ. 6 tīnde, 6–7 ? tynde, 6–9 tīnd. ε. 5 tynne, 6–7 tinne, 7–9 tin; pa. tense and pple. 7 tinn'd. ζ. 5–6 tyne, 7 tine; pa. tense 6 tynde, tind; pa. pple. 5 tyned, 6 tynde, tind, 6–7 tined. η. 5–6 teyne, pa. pple. y-, iteyned. θ7, 9 teen, pa. tense and pple. teened.
[ME. had tend-e(n from 1175 to 1425; also, in Wyclif and down to 17th c., with lengthened vowel, teende(n, in some mod. dialects teend (tiːnd). From c 1400 onward also tind and tīnd (see γ, δ forms). Later with loss of final d from both forms (perh. arising out of shortened pa. pple. tind, tīnd, teend, taken as = tin-d, tīne-d, teen-d, hence inf. tin, tīne, teen; but reduction of -nd to -n is found in many other words). In mod. dial. surviving from Scotl. to Cornwall as |tɪnd, taɪnd, tɪn, taɪn, tiːn|: see quots. and Eng. Dial. Dict. Early ME. tenden corresponded to an OE. *tęndan (in comp. ontęndan, atęndan, fortęndan, to set fire to, kindle, and in vbl. n. tęnding, Napier Contrib. to OE. Lexic.), corresp. to Goth. tandjan, Da. tænde, Sw. tända; causal of *tindan str. vb. (ablaut series tind-, tand-, tund-), to be on fire, burn, glow, represented by MHG. zinden str. vb., in same sense. The history of early ME. tiende, tinde, now tind, tīnd |taɪnd|, is more difficult: as no other example is known of OE. and ME. -end becoming later -ind, much less -īnd, it is probable that we have here a parallel formation, representing an OE. *tyndan (from the weak ablaut grade tund-), cognate with OHG. zunten (from *zuntjan:—*tundjan), MHG. and Ger. zünden to set on fire, kindle, and OE. tynder tinder. In that case, tend (teend, teen, teyne) and tind (tynd, tīnd, tin, tīne, tyne) are two distinct but parallel and synonymous formations from the same root verb.]
1. trans. To set fire to, ignite, light, kindle (a fire, lamp, torch, flame, etc.).
α [a901Laws K. ælfred Prol. c. 27 Gif fyr sie ontended ryt to bærnanne. a1000tr. Bæda's De Temporibus in Sax. Leechd. III. 242 Ðonne he [moon] of hyre [sun] ontend byþ. a1050O.E. Chron. an. 994 (MS. C) Eac hi mid fyre on tendon woldan. c1100Charms in Sax. Leechd. III. 286 Ontend þreo candela. ]c1175Lamb. Hom. 81 He wule aquikien and al þe brond tenden. 1340–70Alex. & Dind. 233 Of a torche þat is tend, tak an en-sample. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xviii. 238 Þo þat weren in heuene token stella comata, And tendeden hir [C. xxi. 250 tenden hit] as a torche. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) II. 17 I-tend in þe fire hit feseþ awey serpentes. c1400Laud Troy Bk. 17978 The Troyens..tende hire fir more than ten sithe, But it ȝede out. c1425Seven Sag. (P.) 2183 He tende hys torche at a cole.
β1382Wyclif Isa. l. 11 Lo! ȝee alle teendende vp [1388 kyndlynge] fyr. ― Ecclus. viii. 13 Teende thou not colis of synneres..lest thou be tend with the flaume of the fyr of the synnes of hem. 1388― Matt. v. 15 Ne men teendith not [1382 Nether men tendyn] a lanterne, and puttith it vndur a busschel. 1598Sylvester Du Bartas ii. i. iv. Handy-crafts 707 Teend again Truth's near-extinguisht Taper. 1605Ibid. iii. ii. Fathers 306 Thou whetst a sword, and thou dost teend a brand. 1648Herrick Hesper., Candlem. Day ii, Kindle the Christmas brand..Part must be kept wherewith to teend The Christmas log next yeare.
γa1400–50Alexander 4179 It tinds on tend lowe trappour of stede, And many costious costis consumes in-to askis. 1589R. Harvey Pl. Perc. 20, I see no more Candles tinded then wont to be. 1622Mabbe tr. Aleman's Guzman d'Alf. ii. 19 Those coales, that were already throughly tinded. a1663Sanderson Serm. (1689) 56 As one candle tindeth a thousand. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), To Tind, to light; as To tind a Candle. 1904Eng. Dial. Dict., Tind, to light, kindle. [Generally diffused, Scotl. to Heref., Northamp., Bedford, Berks, Cornwall.] 1910Old man at Gorsley, Glo'ster, Get up and tind (tind) the fire.
δc1548Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. John v. 40 Only a burnyng candell tynded at our fyre. 1558T. Phaer æneid iii. G ij, Altars vp againe we make and fiers on them we tinde [rime blind]. [1590Spenser F.Q. ii. viii. 11 Stryful Atin in their stubborne mind Coles of contention and whot vengeaunce tind. 1594Carew Tasso i. (1881) 27 For if one feare to crueltie him tinde [rime finde], Another greater doubt bridles no lesse. ]1623in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. iv. 433 Paied for sixe faggottes to tynde the coales, 4d. 1834Tait's Mag. I. 341/2 For him it [the heavenly torch] beams not,—can but tind [rime blind], And lands and cities turn to dust.
ε1497Croscombe Churchw. Acc. (Som. Rec. Soc.) 27 Paid to W. Toyt for tynnyng of the lyght. 1562T. Phaer æneid viii. B b ij b, Her couchyd harth she steeres and sturging sparkes of fire doth tinne. 1638Farley Emblems v. B vj, That learned dogge, at noone-tyde tinn'd his light. 1655H. Vaughan Silex Scint. ii. Cockcrow. (1858) 142 It seems their candle, howe'er done, Was tinn'd and lighted at the sunne. 1674Ray S. & E.C. Words, To Tine or tin a Candle, to light it. Mod. Bedford & Northampt. Dial., I get up at six, tin the fire, and then sweep the room up.
ζ [1471Ripley Comp. Alch. xi. ii. in Ashm. Theat. Chem. Brit. (1652) 181 For yt ys Fyer whych tyned wyll never dye.] c1511Tynyng [see Tinding]. 1591Spenser Virg. Gnat 394 Whose bridale torches foule Erynnis tynde [rime unkinde]. Ibid. 504 Flames, weapons, wounds, in Greeks fleete to have tynde [rime minde]. 1594T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. ii. 514 With the same fire wherewith that was first tined. 1612Pasquil's Night-Cap (1877) 26 Though others tine their candles at my light. 1667Milton P.L. x. 1075 As late the Clouds Justling or pusht with Winds rude in thir shock, Tine the slant Lightning. 1700Dryden Iliad i. 635 The priest..was seen to tine The cloven wood, and pour the ruddy wine.
η1482Caxton Trevisa's Higden i. xxiv. 30 b, Whan it was ones yteyned [ed. 1527 Iteyned] and sette a fyre.
θ1847–78Halliwell, Teen, to light a candle. Var. dial. 1864E. Capern Devon. Provinc., ‘Teen the candle’ is often used for light the candle. 1895Quiller-Couch Wandering Heath 85 She struck flint over touchwood and teened a fire.
2. intr. To catch fire, kindle, become ignited, begin to burn.
c1290St. Michael 523 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 314 And ȝwane it comez a-mong þe fuyre, sone it bi-gynnez forto tiende [Harl. MS. 2277 sone hit gynneþ tende: rime ende]. 1382Wyclif Ecclus. xvi. 7 Wrathe shal waxe ful out tend [1388 yre schal brenne]. c1400Brut xcvi. 94 Þe fire biganne to tende and brenne al þe toune. 1648Herrick Hesper., To Maids, Wash your hands, or else the fire Will not teend to your desire.
3. fig. trans. To inflame, excite, arouse, inspire.
c1175Lamb. Hom. 81 For hwat he scal his sunne uor-saken and bileuen and bon itent of þen hali gast. Ibid., Ho weren itende of þan halie gast. a1225Leg. Kath. 156 Swa i-tend of wraððe þat wod ha walde wurðen. a1240Lofsong in Cott. Hom. 215 Tend mine heorte. 1382Wyclif Prov. xxviii. 4 Who kepen, shul ben tend [1388 kyndlid] vp aȝen hym. c1450Myrc Festial 60 Yn token he was yn hyr wombe þat schuld aftyr tynd mony mannys charite. 1590,1594[see 1 δ]. 1622Mabbe tr. Aleman's Guzman d'Alf. i. 234 He was some-what too touchy, and would..quickly be tinded. 1682Dryden Duke of Guise i. i, Shop⁓consciences,..Preach'd up, and ready tined for a rebellion.
b. intr. To become inflamed or excited.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 4416 In is wod rage he wende Vor to awreke is vncle deþ, as fur is [= fire his] herte tende.
Hence ˈtinded (tende) ppl. a., ˈtinding vbl. n. and ppl. a.
a900Wærferth Dial. Gregory (1900) 101 (MS. H.) He..hine sylfne nacodne awearp..on þæra netela tendingum. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 11022 Þo nome tende taperes þe bissops in hor hond. 1382Wyclif Num. xi. 3 He clepide the name of that place Tendynge [1388 Brennyng, Vulg. incensio] for thi that the fier of the Lord was tende [1388 kyndlid, Vulg. incensus fuisset] aȝens hem. 1497Tynnyng [see 1 ε]. c1511in Swayne Sarum Churchw. Acc. (1896) 61 To Ros for tynyng of the rode light xij d. 1591Sylvester Du Bartas i. ii. 654 Incessantly th'apt tinding fume is tost Till it inflame. 1662Hibbert Body Div. i. 30 The Romans divided their night into ten parts,..2 Prima fax, candle⁓tinning.
▪ II. tind
obs. form of tine n.1, prong. |