| 释义 |
▪ I. tissue, n.|ˈtɪʃ(j)uː, ˈtɪsjuː|
Forms: α. 4–5 tyssu, 4–6 tissewe, 5 tyssew, -eu, -ywe, (pl. -eux), 5–6 tyssue, 5–7 tissu, tissew, 6 tyssewe, tysswe, 5– tissue. β. 5–6 tisshue, tisshewe, Sc. tusche, (tuscha), 5–8 tishew, 6 tyshew, tysshewe, tyshiew, tushwe, Sc. tischey, -ay, tische, tysche, 7 tishue, tishoo.
[a. OF. tissu n., applied to a kind of rich stuff (c 1200 in Godef. Compl.), from pa. pple. of obs. F. tître, OF. tistre:—*tissre:—L. tex-ĕre to weave.]
1. a. A rich kind of cloth, often interwoven with gold or silver. Obs. exc. Hist.
a1366Chaucer Rom. Rose 1104 The barres were of gold ful fyne, Upon a tyssu of satyne. 1429in Dugdale Monast. Angl. II. 222 Cum tribus capis choralibus de panno Tyssewys vulgariter nuncupato. 1501in Calr. Doc. rel. Scotl. (1888) 336 A gown of tawny cloth of gold of tisshue. 1509Hawes Past. Pleas. xvi. (Percy Soc.) 61 With cloth of tyssue in the rychest maner The walles were hanged. 1513Bradshaw St. Werburge i. 1647 Fresshely embrodred in ryche tysshewe and fyne. 1543Grafton Contn. Harding 591 The quene..clothed in a riche mantell of tissue. 1562in Feuillerat Revels Q. Eliz. (1908) 114 Cloth of Silver purple tysshiew. 1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. iii. viii. 82 Girded with a large girdle of Tissue, or of silke and golde. 1648Crashaw Delights Muses Wks. (1904) 160 Something more than Taffata or Tissew can. c1710C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 4 Good bed Chambers and well furnished velvet damaske and tissue. 1785G. A. Bellamy Apology I. 130 A dress for me to play the character of Cl[e]opatra,..the ground of it was silver tissue.
b. Now applied to various rich or fine stuffs of delicate or gauzy texture.
1730Swift Lady's Dressing-room Wks. 1755 IV. i. 113 Array'd in lace, brocades and tissues. 1769Public Advertiser 2 June 1/3 Sale of Silks..Brocades, Tissues. 1821J. Baillie Metr. Leg., Wallace liv, Tissue of threaded gems is worn. 1910Westm. Gaz. 12 Mar. 15/2 Tissues studded with jewels are lightly draped over satin.
†2. A band or girdle of rich stuff. Obs.
c1374Chaucer Troylus ii. 590 (639) His helm..That by a tissew heng his bak byhynde. c1430Pilgr. Lyf Manhode i. xciv. (1869) 51 The scrippe was of greene selk, and heeng bi a greene tissu. c1440Partonope 6726 That tyssew and bocle..all to peses brak. c1450Holland Howlat 405 Mony schene scheld With tuscheis of trast silk tichit to the tre. 1488Acta Dom. Conc. (1839) 98/2 A tuscha of silk siluerit price v merkis. 1503Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. II. 388, xj½ elne tisches to mend the bordoring of the Kingis sadill bordorit with tischeis. 1508Test. Ebor. (Surtees) IV. 274 A gyrdill wt a golde tushwe. 1513Douglas æneis i. vii. 136 And quhair hir pap was for the speir cut away Of gold thairon was belt ane riche tischay. Ibid. xii. v. 133 Quhar as the wovin gyrdill or tysche Abufe his navill was beltit, as we se. 1603Holland Plutarch's Mor. 629 Venus..cast aside her daintie jewels..and threw away that tissue and lovely girdle of hers.
3. Any woven fabric or stuff. In quot. 1850 transf. weaving.
1565Cooper Thesaurus, Trilix,..tissue made of three threads of diuers colours. 1757Gray Bard i. iii, They..weave with bloody hands the tissue of thy line. [Cf. ii. i, Weave the warp, and weave the woof The winding-sheet of Edward's race.] a1765Shenstone Progr. Taste i. 24 Constant wear..turns the tissue into tatters. 1850Gladstone Homer II. ii. 129 In the arts of tissue and embroidery. 1879Lubbock Sci. Lect. v. 155 Tissues of woven flax have been found in some of the Swiss lake-villages.
4. fig. Something likened to a woven fabric, as being produced by the intertwining of separate elements; an intricate mass or interwoven series, a ‘fabric’, ‘network’, ‘web’ (of things abstract, most usually of a bad kind, as absurdities, errors, falsehoods, etc.). Also, the structure or contexture of such a ‘fabric’.
1711Addison Spect. No. 62 ⁋6 Those little occasional Poems..are nothing else but a Tissue of Epigrams. 1762Goldsm. Cit. W. xlii, The history of Europe,..a tissue of crimes, follies, and misfortunes. 1793Jefferson Writ. (1859) IV. 89 The hasty amendments..had so broken the tissue of the paragraph, as to [etc.]. 1820W. Irving Sketch Bk. I. 104 The tissue of misrepresentations..woven round us. 1842Whittier Raphael xvi, The tissue of the Life to be We weave with colors all our own. 1878Gladstone Prim. Homer 107 He works it..into the tissue of the poems.
5. Biol. The substance, structure, or texture of which an animal or plant body, or any part or organ of it, is composed; esp. any one of the various structures, each consisting of an aggregation of similar cells or modifications of cells, which make up the organism.
a. in animals.
The chief forms of tissue in the higher animals are the epithelial (incl. glandular), connective (incl. cartilaginous and osseous), muscular, and nervous tissues. (The term is sometimes extended to include the blood as a ‘fluid tissue’.)
1831Carlyle Sart. Res. i. i, Every cellular, vascular, muscular Tissue. 1834J. Forbes Laennec's Dis. Chest (ed. 4) 279 Chronic inflammation..of the pulmonary tissue. 1846G. E. Day tr. Simon's Anim. Chem. II. 40 Materials..to supply the place of those that have been removed from the body in consequence of waste of tissue. 1857Buckle Civiliz. I. xiv. 818 The tissues of the teeth are..analogous to those of other parts. 1861Hulme tr. Moquin-Tandon ii. i. 41 The organic Tissues are three in number: 1st, cellular tissue; 2nd, muscular tissue; and 3rd, nervous tissue... Some writers admit other organic tissues. 1869Huxley Phys. i. (ed. 3) 11 Every such constituent of the body, as epidermis, cartilage, or muscle, is called a ‘tissue’. 1880Bastian Brain 28 Nerve tissues are..divided into ‘grey’ and ‘white’ matter. 1889Mivart Truth 149 The arteries, veins and heart are full of a fluid ‘tissue’—the blood.
b. in plants.
The various forms of plant tissue may be generally reduced to two classes, typified by parenchyma and prosenchyma. In the higher plants there are three systems of tissues, the epidermal, fundamental, and fibro-vascular.
1837[implied in tissual]. 1845Lindley Sch. Bot. x. (1858) 159 Tissue is called Woody Fibre when it is composed of slender tubes placed side by side. 1875Bennett & Dyer Sachs' Bot. 68 Every aggregate of cells which obeys a common law of growth..may be termed a Tissue. Ibid. 103 The relationship of the three systems of tissue may be observed..in..foliage-leaves.
c. generally; also fig.
1856Dove Logic Chr. Faith ii. §2. 114 The new chart must clothe the world with its living tissues. 1858Lewes Sea-side Stud. 400 Histology is the doctrine of the tissues; and tissues are the webs out of which the organism is fabricated. 1872Bagehot Physics & Pol. 178 The germ might be foreign, but the tissue was native. 1878Bell Gegenbaur's Comp. Anat. 16 Conversion of the cells into tissue.
6. a. Short for tissue-paper, q.v.
(The reference in the 18th–c. quots. was prob. to sizes of specially prepared tissue-paper (now spoken of as ‘printing paper’ and ‘printing tissue’), on which designs were printed from copper plates for transference to pottery-ware. This was specially taxed.)
1780–1Act 21 Geo. III, c. 24 §2 For every Bundle of Paper made in Great Britain for Printing, called Demy Tissue. For every Bundle of Paper called Crown Tissue. 1797Nemnich Waaren-Lexicon 30/1 Die Englischen Papier⁓sorten... Crown, single, inferior, double, double inferior, and tissue;..Demy single, inferior, plate, short, tissue, writing [etc.]. 1880J. Dunbar Pract. Papermaker 32 (heading) Lilac tissue, deep shade. 1937E. J. Labarre Dict. Paper & Paper-Making Terms 244/1 Tissue or tissue-papers are fine, thin, soft papers made of strong materials such as rag and hemp fibres... They are usually unsized, nearly transparent, chiefly used for wrapping and protective purposes. 1977J. Hedgecoe Photographer's Handbk. 309 Carefully trim the print, with its attached tissue.
b. Racing. A sheet of paper showing the ‘form’ of the horses competing in a race (see also quot. 1866).
1866Daily Tel. 24 Feb. 3/4 A ‘tissue’ is a slip of paper written for a telegraph company, showing results of betting transactions and accounts. 1914Joyce Dubliners 59 No one knew how he achieved the stern task of living, but his name was vaguely associated with racing tissues. 1972G. F. Newman You Nice Bastard ii. 83 Manso quickly got a bet on the fifth and sixth, and studied the tissue for the previous races.
c. A piece of soft absorbent paper used as a handkerchief, for drying or cleaning the skin, etc. Hence as v. trans., to wipe with a tissue.
1929Punch 10 Apr. p. xv. (Advt.), Two or three times every day you should massage the hands with Ponds' Cold Cream, removing the cream after a minute or so with a Ponds' Cleansing Tissue. 1938[see complexion n.]. 1958M. Dickens Man Overboard x. 162 Ben grabbed a make-up stick and scrawled it [sc. an address] on the side of a box of tissues. 1960Woman 25 Apr. 2/1 Pond's Cold Cream..goes on moisturising long after you tissue it off. 1976M. & G. Gordon Ordeal (1977) 142 Sniffling, he asked Penny for a tissue. 1981Economist 8 Aug. 79/1 The battle against the common cold may not be over... So do not throw away your tissues yet. 1983Harrods Mag. Spring/Summer 72 Yellow Herbal Astringent is sprayed on..then tissued dry.
d. A cigarette paper. Austral. and N.Z. slang.
1952Here & Now (N.Z.) Jan. 32/2 Better go and see if the parole-jumper in Number 8 has got any tissues left. 1966G. W. Turner Eng. Lang. Austral. & N.Z. viii. 164 In Hobart the [expression]..‘Got a tissue, mate?’ [is commoner than elsewhere]. A tissue is a cigarette paper.
7. Photogr. Paper made in strips coated with a film of gelatine containing a pigment, used in carbon printing.
1873E. Spon Workshop Receipts Ser. i. 267/1 This carbon tissue consists of a layer of gelatine containing the carbon or other permanent pigment spread on paper. 1878Abney Photogr. xxiv. 165 Many improvements in the manufacture of the tissue have been made, and the different substances added to the gelatine are only partially known to the public. 1891Anthony's Photogr. Bull. IV. 80 Tissue can be obtained from London and sensitized as required for use.
8. Collector's name for two species of moth, Scotosia (Triphosa) dubitata and cervinata.
1832Rennie Butterfl. & Moths 128 The Tissue (T[riphosa] dubitata, Stephens)... Wings..brown, shining; first pair having a tinge of purple. Ibid., The Scarce Tissue (T. cervinata, Stephens).
9. attrib. and Comb.
a. attrib. Made or consisting of tissue (sense 1); in quot. a 1625, dressed in tissue.
1480Wardr. Acc. Edw. IV in Privy Purse Exp. Eliz. York, etc. (1830) 149 A long gowne of grene velvet upon velvet tisshue cloth of gold. 1570Foxe A. & M. (ed. 2) 2143/2 The Vicechauncellour hauing on a tyshew cope. a1625Fletcher Love's Cure i. iii, Smooth City fools or tisseu Cavaliers. 1704Lond. Gaz. No. 3981/4 A rich Silver Tishia Gown. 1708Brit. Apollo No. 37 2/2 Tishew Sleves. 1796M. J. Holroyd in Girlhood M. J. H. (1896) 373 Milady wore..a Gold Tissue..Train.
b. Comb., chiefly in sense 5, as tissue-building n. and adj., tissue-cell, tissue-change, tissue-death, tissue-dwelling adj., tissue-element, tissue-form, tissue-former, tissue-forming adj., tissue-growth, tissue-like adj., tissue-product, tissue-specific adj., tissue-specificity, tissue-system, tissue-transformation; tissue-bank [bank n.3 7 f], a place where a supply of human or animal tissue for grafting is stored; tissue culture, a culture [culture n. 3 c] of cells derived from tissue; the practice of culturing such cells; tissue fluid, extracellular fluid which bathes the cells of most tissues, arriving via blood capillaries and being removed via the lymphatic vessels; tissue-lymph, lymph derived from the tissues (not directly from the blood); tissue-secretion: see quots. 1848, 1861; tissue type Med., a class of tissues all of which are immunologically compatible with each other; tissue-type v. trans., to determine the tissue type of; tissue typing Med., the assessment of tissue in order to predict its immunological compatibility with other tissue, esp. prior to transplantation. See also tissue-paper.
1968Punch 14 Feb. 239 Donald Pleasence plays the night attendant at a central *tissue-bank in Montreal... A stupid, illiterate man with inexplicable operatic aspirations, he thinks that if he can only get the right larynx he will be able to sing. 1971New Scientist 8 Apr. 101/2 Tissue Banks where human and animal tissues could be readily obtained.
1886A. Winchell Walks Geol. Field 308 The processes of digestion,..assimilation, and *tissue-building.
1873T. H. Green Introd. Pathol. (ed. 2) 88 The pulmonary pigment..may be seen..within the connective *tissue-cells.
1873T. H. Green Introd. Pathol. (ed. 2) 24 The increased *tissue-change which accompanies acute febrile diseases.
1912Anat. Rec. VI. 91 The character of the growth in *tissue cultures varies primarily with the kind of tissue used. 1926J. S. Huxley Ess. Pop. Sci. 283 A fundamental experiment from which sprang the whole sub-science of tissue-culture. 1955Sci. News XXXVI. 8 It is interesting to compare the events in regeneration with what happens in tissue culture. 1975Daily Tel. 8 Sept. 8/4 At present, if a dog or other animal is sick or dies it takes several days to grow the virus in tissue culture to be sure rabies is to blame.
1896Allbutt's Syst. Med. I. 213 It is quite possible that a trace of albumose might thus be formed after *tissue-death.
1964M. Hynes Med. Bacteriol. (ed. 8) xxviii. 443 The *tissue-dwelling parasites which cause relapses [in malaria] are not affected. 1974Ciba Symposium XX. 309 Few drugs have any significant action against its tissue-dwelling amastigotes.
1900E. H. Starling Elem. Human Physiol. (ed. 4) vii. 292 This absorption depends on the small proportion of proteid contained in the *tissue-fluid as compared with the blood-plasma. 1954S. Duke-Elder Parsons' Dis. Eye (ed. 12) i. 4 It [sc. the cornea] has no blood vessels with the exception of minute arcades, about 1 mm. broad, at the limbus so that it is dependent for its nourishment upon the diffusion of tissue-fluid from the vessels at its periphery and materials from the aqueous humour. 1976D. Jensen Princ. Physiol. ix. 524/1 The interstitial (or tissue) fluid forms the actual internal environment of the body.
1875Bennett & Dyer tr. Sachs' Bot. 78 In this manner arise in the higher plants..systems of *tissue-forms, which may be designated simply as Systems of Tissue.
1872Huxley Phys. vi. 139 Proteids are *tissue-formers.
c1890A. Murdoch Yoshiwara Episode 26 He..wondered..what the soft, flimsy, *tissue-like paper was.
1903G. Oliver in Lancet 3 Oct. 942/1 Physiologists are divided as to whether *tissue lymph is a pressure product..or a secretion.
1866Odling Anim. Chem. 1 Recent advances in chemistry of *tissue-products.
1848Dana Zooph. iv. 51 Secretions formed within the animal which are mostly calcareous..may be called *tissue-secretions... These secretions take place from the tissues of the sides and the base of the polyp. 1861Greene Man. Anim. Kingd., Cœlent. 153 The sclerobasic corallum is by Mr. Dana termed ‘foot secretion’; the sclerodermic, ‘tissue secretion’.
1962Sci. Survey III. 224 This type of change may be associated with the changes in *tissue-specific antigens.
1932J. S. Huxley Probl. Relative Growth vi. iv. 177 The *tissue-specificity is apparently the same..in both sexes.
1967Science 25 Aug. 942/1 The first two explanations should be tested more critically if applied to a single *tissue type. 1968Times 7 Nov. 3/2 In a year or two it might be possible to store human hearts for a period of hours; this would enable donors and recipients to be tissue-typed on an international basis. 1969Private Eye 6 June 3/2 Experts from Guys Hospital came to tissue type her to see if she was a ‘suitable donor’. 1971H. Festenstein et al. in R. Y. Calne Clin. Organ Transplantation vi. 158 It may be possible to tissue type potential recipients from several hospitals in one central laboratory. 1973Daily Tel. 27 Feb. 2/7 Simon has a tissue type shared by only one in 50,000 of the population.
1965Israel Jrnl. Med. Sci. I. 498/2 This seems..a hopeful avenue toward the goal of *tissue typing. 1967Observer 26 Nov. 1/5 Research on tissue-typing has reached the stage where tissues from different people can be matched (just as blood can be matched) so that grafts will ‘take’ without resort to drugs to suppress the immune mechanism. 1971New Scientist 8 July 63/2 One or two of these cases, particularly when recipient and donor have been well ‘matched’ by tissue typing, have been spectacularly successful.
▪ II. ˈtissue, v. Now rare.
[f. tissue n.]
trans. To make into a tissue, to weave; spec. to weave with gold or silver threads, to work or form in tissue; to adorn or cover with tissue (cf. prec. 1 a).
1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 237/1 A whyte mantel In whiche there were litil ouches and crosses of gold tissued. 1491― Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) ii. 249/2 To tyssue the sayd roddes & palmes to make mattes. 1547Harl. MS. 1419 B, lf. 535 b, Clothe of silver tissued withe flowres of golde and silver. 1562in Feuillerat Revels Q. Eliz. (1908) 114 Gold tysshewed with silver. a1626Bacon New Atl. (1650) 25 The Charriot was covered with cloth of Gold tissued upon Blew. a1851Moir Birth Flowers vi, Her vesture seem'd as from the blooms Of all the circling seasons wove,..And tissued with the woof of Love.
b. fig.
1637Wotton in Reliq. (1672) 104 To Countenance any Great action; and then..to Tissue upon it some Pretence or other. 1800Moore Anacreon xlvi. 14 Cultured field, and winding stream, Are sweetly tissued by his beam. 1905Athenæum 6 May 558/2 ‘Dream and Reality’ is tissued from a series of such metaphors. |