| 释义 |
▪ I. aˈffine, n. and a.
[a. Fr. affin, OFr. afin:—L. affīn-em, adj. and n., related, or a relation, by marriage, lit. ‘bordering upon,’ f. ad to + fīn-is end, border.]
A. n. A relation by marriage; also, less strictly, one connected or akin, a connexion.
a1509Henry VII in Ellis Orig. Lett. i. 23 I. 55 His Cousyn and affyne the king of Spayne. 1614Raleigh Hist. World i. 164 The name of Belus, and other names affines unto it. 1641Prynne Antipathie 98 Hee that could but onely reade..should likewise as affines and allies to the holy Orders, be saved, and committed to the Bishops prison. 1893Spectator 6 May 592/1 Because they [a son and his father's goddaughter] are in some sense close spiritual affines. 1950M. Wilson in Radcliffe-Brown & Forde African Syst. Kinship 124 The crux of Nyakyusa ideas of marriage: relations between affines (abako) are ideally permanent—a divorce should never occur; a dead husband should be replaced by his heir, a dead wife by her younger sister or brother's daughter.
B. adj.
1. Closely related.
1650W. Charleton tr. J. B. van Helmont's Ternary of Paradoxes sig. f 4, Whatever soundeth but analogous or affine, that doth Reason positively judge, consonant and homogeneous to verity. 1657Tomlinson Renou's Dispens. 267 Thymelæa indeed and Chamelæa are affine both in form and nature. 1883Academy 13 Oct. 240/1 [The statement is] free from that acrimonious spirit in which writers of a creed more affine to that of the Church of England frequently indulge when criticising her traditions. 1927C. C. Martindale Relig. of World 67 Man with one part of himself was affine to the rest of creation, and with another, was affine to God.
2. Math. Preserving finiteness (see quots.).
[1748L. Euler Introd. in Analysin Infinitorum II. xviii. 239 Quia Curvæ hoc modo ortæ inter se quandam Affinitatem tenent, has Curvas affines vocabimus.] 1918Veblen & Young Projective Geom. II. iii. 72 Any projective collineation transforming a Euclidean plane into itself is said to be affine; the group of all such collineations is called the affine group, and the corresponding geometry the affine geometry. 1923A. S. Eddington Math. Theory of Relativity vii. 214 If a displacement AB is equivalent to CD, then AC is equivalent to BD. This is the necessary condition for what is called affine geometry. 1923P. Field Projective Geom. 21 An Affine Transformation..is a perspective having the centre of perspective at infinity.
▪ II. † aˈffine, v. Obs. rare—1.
[a. Fr. affine-r, OFr. afiner (Pr. and Sp. afinar, It. affināre):—late L. *affīnā-re f. af- = ad- to + fīn-em end.]
To refine.
1601Holland Pliny (1634) II. 473 Very proper it [quicksilver] is therefore to affine gold. |