| 释义 |
▪ I. fever, n.1|ˈfiːvə(r)|
Forms: 1 féfer, -or, 2 feofer, (3 fefre), 3–5 fevere, (4 feavor), 4–5 fevre, fyver(e, 5 febre, (fevire, -oure, fewer), 6–8 feaver, 7 feavour, (feevor, 7–8 fevour), 3– fever.
[OE. féfor str. masc., ad. L. febris fem., whence OF. fievre (mod.F. fièvre), Pr., Pg. febre, Sp. fiebre, It. febbre; adopted independently in the Teut. langs.; OHG. fiebar (MHG. vieber, mod.G. fieber) neut., Sw. feber, Da. fever (not in Du.).
The etymology of febris is obscure. Brugmann (Grundriss II. 92) regards it as a reduplicate formation (:—pre-Latin *bhe-bhr-) on the root which appears in Skr. bhur- to be restless.]
1. Pathol.
a. A morbid condition of the system, characterized by undue elevation of the temperature, and excessive change and destruction of the tissues; an instance of this.
b. The generic name of a group of diseases agreeing in the above general characteristics, each of which is specially designated by some distinctive appellation, as intermittent, puerperal, scarlet, typhoid, yellow, etc. fever, for which see under the defining word.
c1000Sax. Leechd. I. 148 Gif him fefer deriᵹe. c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. viii. 15, & he æthran hyre hand, & se fefor [c 1160 Hatton G. feofer] hiᵹ forlet. a1225Ancr. R. 112 Þet was oðe fefre. a1300Cursor M. 20963 (Cott.) Man þat in feuer was vnfer. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 333 Men of þat lond haueþ no feuere. a1400–50Alexander 2546 Þat he was fallen in a feuire. 1494Fabyan Chron. vi. clxv. 160 The Emperoure Charlys remouyd to the Cytie of Mantue, where he was grudgyd with a feuoure. 1547Boorde Brev. Health cxxxv. (1557) 49 b, A Feuer is an vnnaturall heate grounded in the hearte and lyuer. 1598B. Jonson Ev. Man in Hum. ii. iii, I will once more striue..to..shake the feaver off. 1614Markham Cheap Husb. i. viii. (1668) 48 Feavers of all sorts as the Quotidian [etc.]. 1678Hatton Corr. (1878) 169 Have a care of coming neare those that have the feavour. 1781Gibbon Decl. & F. II. 134 foot-n., She..died of a fever on the road. 1840Dickens Barn. Rudge v, The fever has left him. 1856Emerson Eng. Traits, Char. Wks. (Bohn) II. 57 His [an Englishman's] hilarity is like an attack of fever.
†c. fever ague [ad. OF. fievre ague, lit. ‘acute fever’]: = ague (obs.). fever lent [ad. OF. fievre lente]: a slow fever (obs.). fever and ague = malaria. (obs. exc. U.S.)
1338R. Brunne Chron. (Rolls) 15729 Þe ffeuere agu ful sore hym hatte. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvii. cxxxvi. (1495) 692 Oleum rosaceum helpyth ayenst..fyre agu. c1400in Rel. Ant. I. 54 For the fever lente: quha that has the fever agu, that men calles lente evell, if the sekeman heved werkes that he may noght slepp, tak [etc.]. c1440Promp. Parv. 163 Fyvere agu, querquera. 1658J. Hull Diaries Aug. (1857) 184 Much sickness in the southern colonies,—fevers and agues, of which many died. 1676S. Sewall Diary (1878) I. 22 Told..of the death of Goodman Titcomb..after about a fort⁓night sickness of the Fever and Ague. 1743in Ellis Mod. Husb. II. i. 46, I have lately been very ill of a Fever and Ague. 1846Knickerbocker XXVII. 55 Fever-and-ague riots among the ditches and green ponds. a1874R. Glisan Jrnl. Army Life (1874) xxxi. 444 They would be prostrated with the various forms of malarious fever—such as fever and ague. 1904Capt. R. E. Lee Recoll. & Lett. Gen. R. E. Lee xx. 364 To keep him free from fever-and-ague, my brother dosed him freely with cholagogue.
d. artificial fever: a fever which is induced, for therapeutic reasons.
1924Jrnl. Mental Sci. LXX. 88 Malaria therapy in general paralysis is justified;..the artificial fever induced is easily, promptly and effectively controlled. 1935Discovery Aug. 226/1 For the general production of artificial fever such longer wave-lengths may be used.
†2. In pl. with singular sense. Obs.
c1000Ags. Gosp. Luke iv. 38 Ða wæs simones sweᵹer ᵹeswenced on mycelum feferum [c 1160 Hatton G. feofren]. 1382Wyclif Matt. viii. 14 He say his wyues moder liggynge and shakun with feueris. c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 5583 Þar was a clerk..þat þe feuers had. 1491Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) i. xl. 60 a/1 She hadde the febres or asces. a1605Montgomerie Flyting 314 The feavers, the fearcie, with the speinȝie flees.
3. A state of intense nervous excitement, agitation, heat; an instance of this.
1586T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. i. 666 There are..two causes intermingled, which breede this franticke feaver of our France. 1606Shakes. Tr. & Cr. i. iii. 133 An enuious Feauer Of pale and bloodlesse Emulation. 1649Jer. Taylor Gt. Exemp. ii. Ad Ser. xii. 57 The spirits leap out from their cells of austerity and sobriety, and are warmed into feavers and wildnesses. 1737Pope Hor. Epist. i. i. 58 This Fever of the soul. 1779F. Burney Diary Feb., Both she and Miss S. S. were in fevers..from apprehension. 1814Sir R. Wilson Diary II. 353 The fever excited by the news from France has not yet been allayed. 1842J. H. Newman Par. Serm. (ed. 2) V. viii. 120 A mode of life free from..fever of mind. 1873Black Pr. Thule v. 75 A fever of anticipation..seemed to stir in his blood. 1883E. Pennell-Elmhirst Cream Leicestersh. 424 A fine fox set the field in a fever.
4. attrib. and Comb.
a. simple attrib., as fever-bale, fever-dream, fever-fire, fever-fit, fever-glow, fever-grass, fever-hospital, fever-life, fever-nest, fever-patient, fever-pitch, fever-spasm, fever-thirst, fever-vomit, fever-ward; fever-like adj. and adv.b. objective, as fever-cooling, fever-destroying adjs.c. instrumental, as fever-cracking, fever-haunted, fever-maddened, fever-parched, fever-shaken, fever-sick, fever-smitten, fever-stricken, fever-troubled, fever-weakened adjs.
1844Mrs. Browning Bertha ix, I lose that *fever-bale And my thoughts grow calm again.
1727–46Thomson Summer 668 The spreading tamarind..shakes..its *fever-cooling fruit.
1861Mrs. Norton Lady La G. iv. 331 Nor fresh cooling drinks To woo the *fever-cracking lip.
1884Syd. Soc. Lex., *Fever-destroying tree, the Eucalyptus globulus.
1834Mrs. Hemans Eng. Martyrs i. 2 The cavern of the prisoner's *fever-dream.
1898T. Watts-Dunton Aylwin xii. 329 The *fever-fires in my brain.
1681Temple Mem. iii. Wks. 1731 I. 343 Being free of any Return of his *Fever Fits. 1830Scott Demonol. i. 39 A sudden and temporary fever-fit.
1842Emerson Lect., Transcendentalist Wks. (Bohn) II. 289, I wish to exchange..this *fever-glow for a benign climate.
1893C. Sullivan Jamaica Cookery Bk. 112 *Fever grass is a fragrant smelling lemony grass; it is excellent in fever just boiled and sweetened. 1930R. Macaulay Staying with Relations ix. 127 The fever grass, that one eats to cure malaria.
1864Kingsley Rom. & Teut. i. (1875) 13 Nothing was left save *fever-haunted plains.
1822J. M. Good Study Med. II. 194 The inestimable advantage of such establishments as *Fever Houses or Infirmaries in all populous towns,..superintended by the active humanity and established talents which are so conspicuous in the Fever Hospital of this metropolis. 1964G. L. Cohen What's Wrong with Hospitals? iv. 73 Laymen still shrink from entering a ‘fever hospital’: the very name evokes plague and pox.
1877Gen. Gordon in Pall Mall G. 4 Mar. (1884) 11/1 It is a *fever life I lead.
a1577Gascoigne Wks. (1587) 5 And *feverlike I feede my fancie still With such repast as most empaires my health. 1612Drayton Poly-olb. vii. Argt., When the Higre takes her, How fever-like the sickness shakes her.
1884Syd. Soc. Lex., *Fever-nests, localities where..fever is generated.
1802Med. Jrnl. VIII. 562 The reception of *fever patients.
1683Chalkhill Thealma & Cl. 26 Like a distempered Body *Fever-shaken.
1599Peele David & Bethsabe Wks. (Rtldg.) 466/1 Lie down upon thy bed Feigning thee *fever-sick and ill-at-ease. 1884Syd. Soc. Lex., Feversick.
1884Pall Mall G. 23 Feb. 4 Vera Cruz, that..*fever-smitten port.
1863W. Phillips Speeches vi. 152 Of which revolution is the *fever-spasm.
1818Shelley Marenghi viii, The *fever-stricken serf.
a1835Mrs. Hemans Ancestral Song 77 All the *fever-thirst is still'd.
1836J. H. Newman in Lyra Apost. (1849) 87 That *fever-troubled state.
1671Salmon Syn. Med. iii. lxxxii. 713 If there be *Feaver vomit.
1802Med. Jrnl. VIII. 562 By converting these *fever-wards..to the purpose of a general house of recovery for all infectious fever which might occur in the town.
1597Shakes. 2 Hen. IV, i. i. 140 The Wretch, whose *Feauer-weakned ioynts, Like strengthlesse Hindges, buckle vnder life.
1904Daily Chron. 29 Dec. 4/4 Fever⁓parched lips. 1962L. Deighton Ipcress File xxxi. 200 The tape recordings..must have worked everyone up to fever pitch.
5. Special comb.: fever-bark, bark useful in cases of fever; fever-blister (see quot.); fever-bush (see quot. 1884); fever-chart, a chart recording the course of fever in a patient; also fig.; fever-fly, the Dilophus vulgaris; fever-heat, the high temperature of the body in fever (on some thermometers marked at 112° F.), also fig.; † fever-hectic, = hectic fever (see hectic); fever-nut, the seeds of Cæsalpina Bonducella; fever-powder, a remedy for fever; fever-root (see quot. 1884), also fever and ague root; fever-sore (see quot.); fever therapy, the treatment of disease by induced fever (see 1 d); fever-trap, a place where one is liable to be caught by fever; fever-tree, -twig (see quots.); fever-weed, a plant of the genus Eryngium; fever-wood (see quot.); fever-wort, (a) (see quot.); (b) a plant of the genus Eupatorium (Worc.). Also fever-lurden.
1659*Fever bark [see Jesuit n. 4 c]. 1830Lindley Nat. Syst. Bot. 205 A kind of fever bark is obtained..from Rondeletia febrifuga. 1920H. G. Greenish Text-bk. Mat. Med. (ed. 3) vii. 268 The latter bark [of Alstonia constricta] is also known as Australian fever bark.
1884Syd. Soc. Lex., *Fever blister, the herpes of the lips which occurs frequently in feverish or catarrhal disturbances of the body.
1792J. Belknap Hist. New-Hampsh. III. 97 The Spice⁓wood (Laurus benzoin) or..*Feverbush, is..common in New-Hampshire. 1884Syd. Soc. Lex., Feverbush, the Benzoin odoriferum and also the Prinos verticillatus.
1940T. S. Eliot East Coker iv. 12 The sharp compassion of the healer's art Resolving the enigma of the *fever chart. 1958Spectator 17 Jan. 71/3 A sort of dossier or fever-chart of the controversy which raged intermittently..for several months.
1889E. A. Ormerod Injurious Insects (1890) 129 *Fever Fly.
1838Prescott Ferd. & Is. ii. vi. (1849) II. 367 Ximenes whose zeal had mounted up to *fever heat..was not to be cooled by any opposition. 1889Jessopp Coming of Friars vii. 309 The feeling of the country was approaching fever heat.
1607Topsell Serpents (1653) 725 For *Fever-hecticks they prepare them thus.
1795R. Anderson Life Johnson 14 He had for his school-fellows Dr. James, inventor of the *fever-powder, Mr. Lowe, [etc.].
1853Dunglison Med. Dict. (ed. 9), *Fever-root. 1884Syd. Soc. Lex., Fever-root, the Pterospora andromedea: also the Triosteum perfoliatum.
1676T. Glover in Phil. Trans. XI. 630 The English call it the *Fever and Ague-root.
1860Worcester, *Fever-sore, the common name of a species of caries or necrosis.
1924Jrnl. Mental Sci. LXX. 89 Three cases were of undoubted general paralysis which had as yet not been subjected to any form of *fever therapy. 1944E. C. Pearce Fevers & Fever Nursing (ed. 6) xvii. 294 Fever therapy is employed in the later stages of chronic syphilis.
1891C. Creighton Hist. Epidemics 589 More recent visitors..have remarked upon their towns and villages as *fever-traps.
1876Forest & Stream 13 July 375/3 The large tribe of the Eucalyptus (honey or *fever trees). 1884Syd. Soc. Lex., Fever tree, the Pinckneya pubens.
Ibid., *Fever twig, the Celastrus scandens.
1855H. Clarke Dict., *Fever-weed, an eryngium.
1884Syd. Soc. Lex., *Fever wood, the Benzoin odoriferum.
1611Cotgr., Sacotin, *feauerwort. 1836Loudon Encycl. Plants 170 Triosteum, feverwort.
▪ II. † ˈfever, n.2 Obs.—1
[ad. OF. fevere, fevre, febvre, fabre = Pr. fabre, It. fabbro, OSp. fabro:—L. fabr-um, faber.]
A smith.
1415York Myst. Introd. 22 Feuers, Couureours [etc.].
▪ III. fever, v.|ˈfiːvə(r)|
[f. fever n.1]
1. trans. To put or throw into a fever; lit. and fig. Also, † to fever (one) into.
1606Shakes. Ant. & Cl. iii. xiii. 138 The white hand of a Lady Feauer thee. 1624Heywood Gunaik. ix. 430 His words..feavered her all over. 1689Rycaut Hist. Turks II. 189 His passion feavered him into a desperate sickness. 1748Thomson Cast. Indol. ii. 265 To his licentious wish each must be blest, With joy be fevered. 1820Keats Isabel vi, The ruddy tide.. Fever'd his high conceit of such a bride. a1853Robertson Serm. Ser. iii. xx. 262 A heart which sin has fevered. 1862T. A. Trollope Marietta I. xvi, Tending..to wear out and fever her body.
2. intr. To become feverish, to be seized with a fever. Also (nonce-use) of the eyes, to fever out: to start out with fever or excitement.
1754–64Smellie Midwif. III. 380 She fevered and died. 1791T. Newte Tour Eng. & Scotl. 171 He never fevered with the fracture, and very soon recovered. 1820Keats Hyperion i. 138 This passion..made..His eyes to fever out, his voice to cease. 1827Scott Jrnl. 5 Jan., I waked..for five or six hours I think, then fevered a little.
fig.1814Byron Lara i. xxvi, A hectic tint of secret care That for a burning moment fever'd there. 1818Byron Ch. Har. iv. cxxii, Of its own beauty is the mind diseased, And fevers into false creation. 1834Disraeli Rev. Epick iii. vii, That eager blood That in old days..So oft hath fevered o'er victorious dreams.
Hence ˈfevering ppl. a.
1794J. Williams Crying Ep. 70 That high day of fevering youth. 1892W. B. Scott Autob. I. ix. 98 At this moment of fevering unrest. |