| 释义 |
probationer|prəʊˈbeɪʃənə(r)|
[f. as prec. + -er1.]
a. A person on probation or trial; one who is qualifying, or giving proof of qualification, for some position or office; a candidate; a novice.
(A term recognized, or in common use, in connexion with many offices or positions: see also b and d.)
1603Florio Montaigne iii. ii. (1632) 451 He is still a Prentise and a probationer. 1691Shadwell Scowrers v, You must be at least a year's probationer. 1729Swift Modest Proposal §6 They learn the rudiments much earlier; during which time they can however be properly looked upon only as probationers. 1836Sir H. Taylor Statesman xxiii. 174 A twelvemonths' probation, at the end of which the probationer is pronounced to be either fit or unfit for admission on the establishment. 1896Allbutt's Syst. Med. I. 423 While probationers are being thus educated they are also instructed in the special branches of the work.
b. spec. (a) A candidate for a scholarship or fellowship in a college, admitted on probation. (b) A novice in a religious house or order, or in a nursing sisterhood. (c) A candidate for the ministry of a church, etc.; one licensed to preach but not yet ordained (esp. in Presbyterian and Methodist churches). (d) In criminal jurisdiction an offender under probation (see probation 3). (e) Lord Probationer, a newly appointed Scottish judge before he undergoes his trial and takes the oath. Obs. (f) N.Z. A teacher during his first year in a school after training at a teachers' training college.
a.1609B. Jonson Sil. Wom. i. i, And euery day, gaine to their Colledge some new probationer. 1846McCulloch Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) II. 335 It is customary in some colleges for individuals elected to fellowships to pass a year as probationers, during which they receive no income, and are considered as holding their appointment merely at will.
b.1629Wadsworth Pilgr. viii. 81 Before they enter their..Religious Houses, to be Probationers. 1892‘H. S. Merriman’ Slave of Lamp xxi, He was in the dress of a Probationer of the Society of Jesus.
c.1645Milton Colast. Wks. 1851 IV. 347 A stripling Divine or two of those newly fledge Probationers, that usually come scouting from the University. 1694Act Gen. Assembly c. 10. 12 The General Assembly hereby Appoints, That when such persons are first Licensed to be Probationers, They shall oblidge themselvs to Preach only within the bounds, or by the Direction of that Presbytry, which did License them. 1730Boston Mem. iv. (1908) 36, I past two years and three months in the character of a probationer. 1904R. Small Hist. U.P. Congregat. II. 428 The presentee was Mr. David Duncan, probationer.
d.1907Let. of Secr. N.Y. Probation Comm. 7 Oct., In case of failure of the probationer to live up to the terms of his probation, [the probation officer] can report the probationer back to the court for commitment to an institution or for the execution of whatever other sentence may have been originally imposed and then suspended.
e.1799Edin. Weekly Jrnl. 22 May, William Macleod Bannatyne, Esq. having gone through his trials as Lord Probationer, took the oaths and his seat on the Bench by the title of Lord Bannatyne. 1838W. Bell Dict. Law Scotl. 176 The form of trial [for new judges]..consists in the presentee, or Lord Probationer as he is called, hearing and reporting, and delivering an opinion on certain of the causes depending in court. 1910Pall Mall Gaz. 26 Apr. 3/5 He appears again in the First Division, and the junior judge reports to the judges of that court the judgments the Lord Probationer has pronounced.
f.1921N.Z. Educ. Gaz. 1 Dec. 21/1 Central classes for the instruction of pupil-teachers, probationers, and uncertificated teachers in science and in drawing and hand⁓work may..be established by an Education Board. 1922Ibid. 1 June 62/2 Pupil-teachers and probationers may not attend any classes in hygiene established for uncertificated teachers. 1963B. Pearson Coal Flat i. 8 You were here [sc. at this school] before, as probationer, weren't you?
c. transf. and fig.
1642Milton Apol. Smect. §1 Wks. 1851 III. 306 To make my selfe a canting Probationer of orisons. 1689Sherlock Death i. §1 (1731) 20 Adam..was but a Probationer for Immortality. 1754Richardson Grandison (1781) V. xxxiii. 211 The brevity and vanity of this life, in which we are but probationers. 1844Emerson Ess. Ser. ii. vi. (1876) 148 The animal is the novice and probationer of a more advanced order.
d. attrib.: chiefly appositive = that is a probationer; one on probation or trial (for the position indicated by the second element).
1649Fuller Just Man's Funeral 17 What the Probationer-Disciple said to our Saviour. 1674Hickman Hist. Quinquart. (ed. 2) 20 It is but a probationer attribute. 1679Wood Life 24 Aug. (O.H.S.) II. 461 Tom Wood chose probationer fellow of New Coll. a1715Burnet Own Time an. 1666 (1766) I. ii. 332 One Maccail, that was only a probationer preacher. 1899Westm. Gaz. 15 Mar. 5/1 A special class of the Naval Reserve, to be called the ‘probationer class’. 1905Daily Chron. 14 Oct. 9/1 A probationer nurse at Poplar Hospital.
Hence proˈbationerhood, proˈbationership, the position or condition of a probationer.
1845J. Cairns Let. in Life x. (1895) 234 This knight errant of *probationerhood.
a1652J. Smith Sel. Disc. vii. vi. (1821) 366 Saving faith..is not patient of being an expectant in a *probationership for it [salvation] until this earthly body resigns up all its worldly interest. 1690Locke Hum. Und. iv. xiv. §2 That State of Mediocrity and Probationership, He has been pleased to place us in here. 1880A. Somerville Autobiog. 97 Ten months of what is significantly called ‘Probationership’. |