| 释义 |
▪ I. fillet, n.1|ˈfɪlɪt|
Forms: 4 filete, philett, 4–5 felet(t, 5 filett, 5–6 fi-, fylette, south. vylette, 6 fyllet(t, (6 fylet, fillott, 7 filot, 7–8 fillit(t), 6–7 phillet, 4–7 filet, 6– fillet.
[a. Fr. filet = Pr. filet, Sp. filete, It. filetto, a Com. Romanic diminutive of L. fīlum thread.]
1. A head-band.
a. A ribbon, string, or narrow band of any material used for binding the hair, or worn round the head to keep the headdress in position, or simply for ornament.
Also fig., esp. with reference to the vitta with which in classical antiquity the heads of sacrificial victims were adorned, or to the ‘snood’ formerly worn as a badge of maidenhood.
a1327Pol. Songs (Camden) 154 Habbe he a fauce filet, he halt hire hed heȝe. a1400–50Alexander 4338 Oure paramours vs to plese ne pride þaim bewenes, Nouthire ffurrers, filetts, ne frengs. c1467Paston Lett. No. 568 II. 298 She wuld fayne have a new felet. 1530Palsgr. 200/1 Fyllet for a maydens heed, fronteau. 1553Eden Treat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 18 All..of the kinges bande, haue a silken fyllet of scarlet colour tied about their heades. 1626T. H[awkins] Caussin's Holy Crt. 93 Euen those, which haue yet the fillet of shamefastnesse vpon theyr browes, suffer themselues..to runne, after the torrent of Examples. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. ii. 675 Ye sacred Muses..Whose Priest I am, whose holy Fillets wear. 1704Pope Windsor For. 178 A belt her waist, a fillet binds her hair. 1795Burke Let. to Elliot Wks. 1842 II. 241 These priests..begin by crowning me with their flowers and their fillets. 1839Mrs. Hemans Poems, Lady of Castle, Those long fair tresses..Bursting their fillet. 1879Beerbohm Patagonia vi. 91 Their hair is kept from falling over their faces by a fillet tied round the head.
attrib.1847Emerson Poems, Mithridates Wks. I. 140 Ivy for my fillet band; Blinding dog-wood in my hand.
†b. (See quot.) ? nonce use (transl. Gr. διάδηµα).
1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 3/1 Of a Crown, the Diadem, or Royal Fillet, is that part which compasseth the head.
c. In the harness of a horse (see quot.).
1607Markham Caval. ii. ii. 12 Cauezan, or any other binding fillet ouer the nose of the horse.
2. a. A strip of any material suitable for binding; a band or bandage; † the edging or list of cloth.
1601Holland Pliny I. 259 The brims & borders of the sea, called for the resemblance of fillets or lists in a cloth, Tæniæ. 1633P. Fletcher Purple Isl. x. xxxvii. 144 Her daintie breasts, like to an Aprill rose From green silk fillets yet not all unbound. 1734tr. Rollin's Anc. Hist. (1827) I. ii. i. 226 The body was swathed in lawn fillets. 1769Mrs. Raffald Eng. Housekpr. (1778) 301 When it is almost cold bind it up with a fresh fillet. 1834Lytton Pompeii i. ii, She will bind the door-posts of her husband with golden fillets. 1865Livingstone Zambesi v. 114 Fillets of the inner bark of a tree wound spirally round each curl.
transf.1796H. Hunter tr. St.-Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) I. 7 Yellow antheræ of flowers, suspended by fillets of white.
b. A surgical bandage.
1802Paley Nat. Theol. viii. (1805) 122 The fillet is almost always strapped across [a fracture] for the sake of giving firmness and strength to the bandage. 1807–26S. Cooper First Lines Surg. (ed. 5) 409 A band, or fillet, which goes round the head.
c. Obstetr. (see quot. 1884.)
1753N. Torriano Midwifry 35 In this Case a Fillet is necessary. 1884Syd. Soc. Lex., Fillet..a loop or noose used from very ancient times for the extraction of the head of the child.
3. A thin narrow strip of any material. In many mechanical applications, e.g. in Coining, the ribbon of metal out of which the blanks or planchets are punched; in the Carding-engine, a strip of card-clothing; ‘a perforated curb to confine the curds in making cheese’ (Knight); etc.
1663Gerbier Counsel 15 A fillet of Lead. 1724Swift Prometheus, The Mixture [i.e. the metal for Wood's halfpence]..In Fillets roll'd, or cut in Pieces, Appear'd like one continu'd Spec'es. 1779Bailey Adv. Arts II. 14 An iron Fillet [of a plough] six inches and a quarter long; its extreme breadth is two inches and a half, and three sixteenths of an inch thick. 1859All Year Round 2 July 239/1 Fillets, or ribands of gold [for coining]. 1893Daily News 9 June 5/4 Some of them [coins] perhaps have been cut from the..cracked parts of the fillets.
†4. In etymol. sense (after Fr. filet): A thread or string:
a. fig. pl. The ‘threads’ of life.
b. In plants: A fibre of the root; a rib or vein of a leaf; the pistil or stamen of a flower.
c. The ‘string’ of the tongue. Obs.
1590Greene Orl. Fur. (1599) 19 Seek not..To..slice the slender fillets of my life. 1601Holland Pliny I. 557 All other corne.. haue many small fillets or strings appendant to the roots. 1660Hexham, Ribbekens die door de bladers loopen, Fillets or Sprouts which run through the leaves of Trees or Hearbes. a1693Urquhart Rabelais iii. xxxiv. 287 To have the Fillet of her Tongue untied. 1730–6Bailey (folio), Filet is used to signify those threads that are usually found in the middle of flowers, as the Lily, Tulip, etc. 1735Dyche & Pardon, Fillet..in Anatomy, 'tis the Extremity of the Ligament under the Tongue, called the Frenum.
5. A band of fibre, whether muscle or nerve; a flap of flesh:
†a. A muscle. Obs.
1533Elyot Cast. Helthe (1541) 85 b, Excessive multitude of humors..do extende the muscules or fyllettes. 1543Traheron Vigo's Chirurg. i. i. 1 b, A muscle is a membre compounde of synnowes, ligamentes, and fleshie fyllettes, or as it were, threads fylled wt fleshe.
b. (See quots.)
1840G. Ellis Anat. 27 A band of fibres is continued from its nucleus to the fibres of the lateral part of the medulla on which it lies; this band is the fillet of Riel. 1884Syd. Soc. Lex., Fillet, a tract of obliquely-curved white nerve-fibres seen on the surface of the pons Varolii, and occupying a triangular area at the side of the tegmentum.
†c. A lobe of the liver. Cf. fibre 1 a. Obs.
1607Topsell Four-f Beasts (1658) 402 The..fillets of the liver of a mouse. a1656Ussher Ann. vi. (1658) 279 The liver of it had no filets. 1692R. L'Estrange Josephus' Antiq. iii. ix. (1733) 70 The Fillets of the Liver.
d. pl. the fillets: the loins (of an animal, rarely of a man).
a1400Morte Arth. 1158 His [Arthur's] flawnke and his feletez, and his faire sydez. 1483Cath. Angl. 130 A Felett of þe bakke, pala. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §76 The .ix. propertyes of an hare..the .ix. to haue two good fylettes. 1611Markham Country Content. (1649) 6 His [the hound's] fillets would be thick and great. 1615Crooke Body of Man ii. 65 The Loynes..the fleshy parts on either side are called in Greeke ψόα, Pulpa á palpando, in imitation whereof wee call it the Fillet, as it were Feele it. 1737Bracken Farriery Impr. (1757) II. 27 The Reins of a Horse, or what we commonly stile the Fillets. 1790Burns Let. to Nicol 9 Feb., She had been quite strained in the fillets beyond cure. 1892Northumberl. Gloss., Fillets, the hollow between a horse's ribs and haunch bones.
†e. (See quot.; app. a misunderstanding.)
1638R. Holme Armoury ii. 154/1 The Fillets, are the fore-parts of the shoulders next the Breast. Whence1721in Bailey.
6. Cookery.
a. A fleshy portion of meat near the loins or ribs of an animal, easily detachable; the ‘undercut’ of a sirloin or rump of beef; a similar fleshy part in the body of a fowl.
b. One of the thick slices into which a fish is easily divided; also, a thick slice of meat, tongue, etc.
The fillet of beef is sometimes cooked like the fillet of veal (sense c): see quot. 1747. In the above senses sometimes with Fr. spelling: see filet.
c1420Liber Cocorum (1862) 31 Take filetes of porke and half hom rost. c1430Two Cookery-bks. 49 Take lardes of Venysoun..or of a Bere, & kerue hem þinne as Fylettes of Porke. 1658Sir T. T. de Mayerne Archimag. Anglo-Gall. xiii. 7 The Phillets..of Beef. 1725Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Pike, A Pike Filets fry'd. 1741Compl. Fam. Piece i. ii. 174 Cut a Fillet of Veal into 3 or 4 Fillets. 1747H. Glasse Art of Cookery 21 A Fillet of Beef..is the Inside of the Surloin: You must carefully cut it all out from the Bone..roll it up tight; tye it with a Packthread. 1824Byron Juan xv. lxvi, Young partridge fillets. 1846A. Soyer Gastron. Regen. 166 A small fillet of tongue. Ibid. 266 Take out the fillet from beneath a rump of beef. Ibid. 329 Carefully skin and bone the breast [of a turkey] without separating the fillets. Ibid. 360 Pass a knife down the back bone [of a hare]..keeping it close to the ribs till you have extracted the fillet. 1853Kane Grinnell Exp. xvii. (1854) 130 The filet of a large Ivory one [sea-gull] is a morceau between a spring chicken and our own unsurpassed canvas back.
c. A ‘joint’ consisting of the middle part of a leg of veal, boned, rolled and tied with a string or ‘fillet’; a piece of beef, fish, etc. prepared in a similar manner.
1700Dryden Fables 213 The rest They cut in Legs and Fillets for the Feast. 1732Fielding Miser iii. iii, A fillet of veal roasted. 1747H. Glasse Art of Cookery 93 To Roast a Fillet or Collar of Sturgeon. Take a Piece of fresh Sturgeon..take out the Bones, and cut in Lengths..then begin to roll it up as close as possible..and bind it round with a narrow Fillet. 1769Mrs. Raffald Eng. Housekpr. (1778) 100 Take a fillet of a cow calf, stuff it well. 1835Marryat Jac. Faithf. III. i, We dine at half-past three—fillet of veal and bacon—don't be too late for dinner.
attrib.1841J. T. J. Hewlett Parish Clerk I. 125 Firmly united by a fillet-of-veal skewer.
7. Any object having the appearance of a fillet or band.
1611Speed Theat. Gt. Brit. i. xvi. 31/1 From a split cloue..a white blewish Flowre shortly springeth from whence Fillets of Saffron are gathered before the Sunne, and dried. 1696Aubrey Misc. (1721) 35 The two Filots, which cross the greater Circle..were of a pale colour. 1817Coleridge Biog. Lit. 247 Above the moon was a huge volume of deep black cloud, while a very thin fillet crossed the middle of the orb. 1862Tyndall Mountaineer, vi. 43 We once halted beside a fillet of clear spring water to have a draught. 1863― Heat v. §192 (1870) 153 Every fillet of mercury freezes the water with which it comes into contact.
8. Arch.
a. A narrow flat band used for the separation of one moulding from another; a fascia.
b. A small band between the flutes of a column.
[1379Mem. Ripon (Surtees) III. 101 Item fac. filetes et alia necessaria pro clo― totam sept. 3s.] 1473Churchw. Acc. St. Mich. Cornhill, For sconcheons and a felet for the same pewes. 1563Shute Archit. D j b, At the toppe of the pillor lieth Astragalus and his fillet being half so high as the Astragalus. 1639Contract in Proc. Soc. Antiq. 8 June (1893) 374 The fillitts of the Moulds..fairly guilt. 1789P. Smyth tr. Aldrich's Archit. (1818) 108 Reason would place the small fillet of the architrave upon the greater. 1815Elphinstone Acc. Caubul (1842) I. 107 A fillet, formed by stones projecting a very little from the wall. 1879Sir G. G. Scott Lect. Archit. I. 248 The heaviness of large roll mouldings was often relieved by fillets.
9. Her.
a. A horizontal division of a shield, one-fourth of the depth of a chief.
†b. A band running round near the edge of a shield, one-third or one-fourth of the breadth of a bordure or an orle (obs.).
†c. A band usually drawn from the sinister chief across the shield; usually called fillet of bastardy (obs.).
1572J. Bossewell Armorie 11 b, A Fillet..conteyneth the fower parte of the cheefe. 1634Peacham Gentleman's Exerc. iii. 151 A Fillet the fourth of an Orle. 1751Chambers Cycl., Fillet is also used for an ordinary, drawn like the bar, from the sinister point of the cheif across the shield; in manner of a scarf: though it is sometimes also seen in the situation of a bend, fesse, cross, etc. 1756–7tr. Keysler's Trav. (1760) I. 185 Two coats of Arms; one, three wheels and a sword; in the other two fillets and six balls. 1766Porny Heraldry (1787) 53 The Chief is an Ordinary..Its Diminutive is a fillet, the content of which is not to exceed one fourth of the Chief. 1882Cussans Heraldry iv. 57, I cannot recall to my memory any instance of a Fillet being employed in English Armory.
10. Ent. and Ornith.
a. A coloured band or stripe.
b. In a spider: The space between the eyes and the base of the mandibles or cheliceræ.
1668Wilkins Real Char. 153 Grey plover..which hath a black fillet about the eyes. 1841E. Newman Hist. Brit. Ins. ii. 175 A fillet is a longitudinal stripe, and a band or fascia is a transverse one.
11. In various technical uses:
a. A raised rim or ridge on any surface, esp. ‘a ring on the muzzle and cascabel of a gun’ (Adm. Smyth); also, the thread of a screw.
1703Maundrell Journ. Jerus. (1732) 90 These Stones are let into each other with a fillet fram'd round about the cavity. 1874Boutell Arms & Arm. v. 78 The [sockets] of these javelin heads are..finished with a circular raised fillet. 1881Raymond Mining Gloss., Fillet, the rounded corner of a groove in a roll.
b. Carpentry. A narrow strip of wood fastened upon any surface to serve as a support, etc. or to strengthen an angle formed by two surfaces.
1779Projects in Ann. Reg. 101/1 These fillets will..form, as it were, a sort of small ledge on each side of all the joists. 1856S. C. Brees Terms, Fillets are also used as stops to room and closet doors. 1881Every Man his own Mechanic §1281 Nail or screw a fillet 1 in. square down the centre of the three rafters.
c. Bookbinding. A plain line impressed upon the cover of a book. Also, a rolling tool used for impressing the line.
1641Camilton's Disc. in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) V. 111 Curiously bound up in leather or parchment, with fillets of silver or gold. 1880Print. Trades Jrnl. xxxi. 13 The black outer level is surrounded in turn by a gilt fillet or line. 1890J. W. Zaehnsdorf Bookbinding xxiii. (ed. 2) 118 Tools and Materials required for Finishing—Rolls, fillets, pallets.
d. Printing. ‘A rule with broad or broad and narrow lines, principally used as a border’ (Knight).
e. Gilding and Painting. (See quots.)
1730–6Bailey (folio), Fillets, a little rule or riglet of leaf-gold, drawn over certain mouldings, or on the edge of frames, pannels, &c. 1794W. Felton Carriages II. Gloss., Fillet, a narrow painted border, not exceeding one inch broad.
f. Aeronaut. (See quot. 1950.)
1935Jrnl. R. Aeronaut. Soc. XXXIX. 143 Graphical curves of lift, drag and moment as a function of incidence show comparisons of a low wing and a dropped wing without fillet, with three unsuccessful fillets and with a so-called optimum fillet. 1950Gloss. Aeronaut. Terms (B.S.I.) i. 14 Fillet, a fairing at the junction of two surfaces to improve the air-flow. 1966D. Stinton Anat. Aeroplane xi. 206 The remaining shape of an aeroplane is largely non-structural, in that it consists of fairings, cowlings and fillets.
12. attrib. and Comb., as fillet gutter, ‘a sloping gutter, with a learboard and fillet thereon, to divert the water’ (Gwilt); fillet-plane, a moulding-plane for dressing a fillet or square bead (Knight, 1874); fillet steak, a steak cut from the fillet (sense 6 a); fillet-swift (see quot.); fillet weld (see quot. 1965).
1877E. S. Dallas Kettner's Bk. Table 63 Perhaps the most prized of all..the fillet-steak. 1963N. Marsh Dead Water (1964) 27 We never order fillet steak.
1861Swinhoe N. China Camp. 16 The anxious screech of the fillet swift (Cypselus vittatus).
1929Engineering 22 Nov. 688/3 The plate is welded..with the final 3/8-in. fillet weld. 1965Welding Terms & Symbols (B.S.I.) i. 51 Fillet weld, a fusion weld, other than a butt, edge or fusion spot weld, which is approximately triangular in transverse cross-section.
▪ II. † ˈfillet, n.2 Obs. rare—1.
(See quot.)
1587Harrison England ii. xv. (1877) i. 272 Which bill [of dishes] some doo call a memoriall, other a billet, but some a fillet, bicause such are commonlie hanged on the file.
▪ III. fillet, v.|ˈfɪlɪt|
Pples. filleted, filleting.
[f. fillet n.1]
1. trans. To bind with or as with a fillet.
a. To bind or tie up (the hair) with or as with a fillet (see fillet n. 1); also with up.
1604,1638[see filleted ppl. a.1]. 1692R. L'Estrange Josephus' Antiq. v. x. (1733) 127 That Experiment..of filleting and twisting up his Locks. 1821Blackw. Mag. X. 513 For whom do you comb, brush, and fillet your tresses? 1852Moir Poems, Remembered Beauty, Her golden tresses..Were filleted up with roses.
b. † To bind or tie up, to confine or swathe with a bandage (obs.). Also Surg. To bandage (a limb).
1633Ford Broken H. v. ii, Quick fillet both his arms. 1758J. S. Le Dran's Observ. Surg. (1771) 288 Stop the Blood, by..filletting the Arm. 1764Hadley in Phil. Trans. LIV 8 The feet were filleted..being first bound separately, and then wrapped together.
c. gen. To encircle or gird with an ornamental band: also with about.
1611Bible Ex. xxxviii. 28 He made hookes for the pillars, and ouerlaide their chapiters, and filleted them. 1784Cowper Task v. 402 A stump..filletted about with hoops of brass. 1860All Year Round No. 46. 459 Amber mouthpieces filleted with ‘sparklers’, as the English cracksman..calls diamonds.
transf.1603Knolles Hist. Turks (1638) 342 The great round roofe..being all enameled and fillited, with the pictures of Saintes.
2. Cookery. To divide (a fish) into fillets. Also, to cut the fillets out of (a fowl, etc.).
1846A. Soyer Gastron. Regen. 103 Fillet a brill by passing a good knife from the head to the tail of the fish close to the middle bone [etc.]..Proceed in like manner until you have got off all the meat from the bones. Ibid. 332 Fillet a poularde by splitting the skin up the breast, and passing your knife down the bone, keeping close to the ribs until you have scooped them [i.e. the fillets] out.
3. Building and Carpentry. To close or cover the interstices between boards, slates, etc. with fillets. Cf. fillet n. 11 b.
1843Hill in Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. IV. ii. 358 In filleting, the under edge of each floor-board is cut away, and a fillet, one inch wide, and three-fourths of an inch thick, is introduced.
4. To mark or ornament with fillets; now chiefly in Bookbinding.
1621Quarles Argalus & P. (1678) 88 Armors of Steel, fair filletted with Gold. 1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. iii. xxiv. 227 The second edition of the Temple by Zorobabel, as it was new forrelled and filleted with gold by Herod, was a statelier volume then that first of Solomon. 1665T. Herbert Trav. (1677) 250 His Argyraspides who had their Armour damasked and filletted with Silver. 1747Franklin Let. 1 Sept. Wks. 1887 II. 91 A book whose covering is filleted with gold.
Hence ˈfilleter, one who fillets: senses 2, 4.
1884Birm. Daily Post 23 Feb. 3/4 Japanners—Wanted, a good Cash-box Filleter. 1961Guardian 18 Jan. 9/4 Filleters will tell you that the bobbers..who unload the trawlers have the best job. |