| 释义 |
▪ I. filling, vbl. n.|ˈfɪlɪŋ|
[f. fill v. + -ing1.]
1. The action of the vb. in various senses. Also with advbs., as filling in, filling out, filling up: cf. fill v. V. Only gerundial.
c1440Promp. Parv. 160/2 Fyllynge, implecio. 1486Nottingham Rec. III. 253 Fullyng vp of þe dyke. 1580Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong, Remplissement, a filling. a1610Healey Cebes (1636) 147 They..imagine the filling of that [the belly] the full fruite of all their expected good. 1712J. James tr. Le Blond's Gardening 209 This Wall being made all round, you begin the Filling in of the Bottom. 1726Leoni Alberti's Archit. I. 38 b, One thing is proper..for the outward Face of the Wall, another for the cramming and filling up the middle Parts. 1793Smeaton Edystone L. §114 The interior filling of the walls was with rough Rubble. 1816Chalmers Let. in Life (1851) II. 31 Such a filling up of the time as will keep you away from the evil communications. 1870Lowell Study Wind. (1886) 190 He..does his filling-in rather shabbily. 1884Birm. Daily Post 23 Feb. 3/4 Wanted, several Boys, used to Filling-in and Finishing. 1888Lockwood's Mech. Engin. Dict., Box Filling, the filling up of a moulding box with its body of sand enclosing a pattern. 1958Spectator 4 July 13/2 As ‘ribbon development’ is now a dirty phrase, the new horror is called ‘filling in’. 1959Gloss. Packaging Terms (B.S.I.) 35 Filling-in, a process for applying paint or other materials to a recessed design to obtain a contrasting colour effect. 1967Gloss. Paper/Ink Terms for Letterpress Printing (B.S.I.) 5 Filling in, the spreading of the printed image, to the point where the small white spaces are obliterated.
2. concr. Also pl.
a. That which fills or is used to fill a cavity or vacant space, to stop a tooth or a hole, to make up a bank or road, the interior of a wall, etc.; also in Dentistry, a quantity of this in one tooth. Also, † a full supply or ‘fill’ (of food, etc.).
a1400–50Alexander 4265 Þat is þe filling of fode þat ilk flesch askis. c1430Pilgr. Lyf Manhode iv. xix. (1869) 185 We hadden many goode vesselles in whiche we hadden put fillinge [emplage] of the grete tresores of Paradys. 1596–7S. Finche in Hist. Croydon App. (1783) 153 Great flinte and chalke for the buildinge, and small for fillinge. 1611Bible Ex. xxviii. 17 Thou shalt set in it settings [marg. fill in it fillings] of stones. 1640Sanderson Serm. II. 174 Binding them [the stones] with fillings and cement. 1641Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 59 The foreman to lye the courses [of hay]; another to lye the fillinge and to fill after him. 1776G. Semple Building in Water 119 The Bank of any common filling. 1830J. Hodgson in J. Raine Mem. (1858) II. 174 A few feet of the fillings of its foundation walls. 1848Lit. Amer. 29 July 64/2 Indestructible filling for the teeth. 1851Ruskin Stones Ven. I. xviii. §1 The fillings of the aperture are unimportant. 1878L. P. Meredith Teeth 74 The enamel at the margin of the filling is fractured. 1892Daily News 17 Nov. 3/3 The excavated material will form good ‘filling’. 1943Wyndham Lewis Let. 5 Dec. (1963) 371 My wife was greatly impressed by the number of your ‘fillings’.
b. Something of inferior quality put in to occupy space.
1640Fuller Joseph's Coat vii. (1867) 176 [Heraldic coats] of a later edition..are so full of filling that they are empty of honour. 1733Swift On Poetry, The prefaces of Dryden..meerly writ at first for filling To raise the volume's price a shilling. 1737Bentley Remarks Disc. Free-thinking iii. 6 §54 Why that spiteful Character given to all Crowds? meer Fillings of his own, without warrant from his Original. 1860Wornum Anal. Ornament 19 All such superficial decoration is..mere filling. 1887Pall Mall G. 25 June 12/1 The practice of putting into higher class goods..even the smallest quantity of filling.
3. a. Similarly in various technical uses (see quots.); spec. in cigar-making and mining.
1812Niles' Weekly Reg. II. 9/1 Much of it [sc. wool]..may be wrought into..worsted chain or warp for woolen weft or fillings. 1839J. R. Lowell Let. Sept. (1894) I. 52 The filling of cigars now belies the wrapper. 1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Fillings, prepared wort, added in small quantities to casks of ale to cleanse it. 1864Congress. Globe 3 June 2706/3 Cigars are made of Connecticut grown wrappers and the best qualities filled with Cuba filling. 1874Knight Dict. Mech. I. 844/1 Filling, an embankment of stone, gravel, earth, etc, to make a raised bed for a road, railroad track, or canal. An artificial, elevated way. Ibid. I. 844/2 Filling (Weaving), the weft-thread which fills up the warp. 1883R. Haldane Workshop Receipts Ser. ii. 439 For this coat, which is called filling, use one half ground lead and any good mineral. 1883Gresley Gloss. Coal-m. 106 Filling, the places where trams are loaded in the workings. 1898Westm. Gaz. 15 Dec. 2/1 ‘Fillins! What may they be?’ ‘Why, they're the inside of noo cigars, of course.’ 1901Chambers's Jrnl. May 302/2 Each leaf will give on an average two ‘wrappers’ or outside covers for cigars and when used for such the remainder of the leaf is used for ‘filling’. 1940Chambers's Techn. Dict. 332/1 Filling, the loading of tubs or trucks with coal, ore, or waste.
b. Naut. (See quots.)
1794Rigging & Seamanship I. 24 Fillings are pieces fayed to the side of the mast, edges of the front-fish, and cheeks. 1857P. Colquhoun Comp. Oarsman's Guide 30 The oar or scull is ‘filled’ with harder wood between the shank and loom, called the upper and under fillings. c1860H. Stuart Seaman's Catech. 67 What is termed the ‘filling’?..the intervals between the frame timbers are filled up solid..so that if the outside planks be injured a watertight surface would remain.
4. attrib. and Comb., as filling-earth, filling-machine, filling-room, filling-stones. Also filling-nail (see quot. 1850 and quot. 1867 s.v. fill v. 1 d); filling-station orig. U.S., a depot for the supply of petrol, oil, etc. to motorists; a petrol station; filling-thread, one of the threads for the woof or tram; filling-timber (see quot.); filling-transom (see quot.).
1634T. Johnson Parey's Chirurg. 1165 Their fellowes..put them, yet alive, in the mines, which served them for so much *filling earth.
1884Health Exhib. Catal. 110/2 Meat Cutting and Sausage-Making Machines..*Filling Machines.
1772–84Cook Voy. (1790) VI. 1945 Some expert swimmers were one day detected under the ships, drawing out the *filling nails from the sheathing. c1850Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 134 Filling nails are generally of cast iron, and driven very thick in the bottom planks instead of copper sheathing.
1799Capt. Watkins in Naval Chron. I. 206 It was impossible to fill cartridges as fast as they wanted them, though the *filling rooms were crouded.
1921Outing (U.S.) May 66/2 He should not attempt the trip without a small reserve can of gasoline..enough to carry him to a *filling station in case of leakage. 1931Earl of Mayo et al. Regional Planning Rep. on Oxfordshire v. 73 No Filling Station..shall be permitted by the occupier thereof to be visible unless [etc.]. 1935Amer. Speech X. 5/2 The garage mechanic.., or the filling-station attendant, usually knows the town as well as anybody. 1951J. B. Priestley Festival at Farbridge ii. 272 Roadhouses..and filling stations were brave in new paint.
1585Higgins tr. Junius' Nomenclator 202 The *filling-stones, rubbish conveyed betweene the two outsides of a wall. 1639Fuller Holy War i. xiii. (1647) 20 Hungary might bring filling-stones to this building. 1642― Holy & Prof. St. ii. xviii. 116 Their walls though high, must needs be hollow, wanting filling-stones.
1886Pop. Sc. Monthly XXVIII. 483 To make one yard of cloth, a shuttle carrying the *filling-thread is thrown across the web perhaps 1,500 times.
c1850Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 118 *Filling-timbers, the intermediate timbers between the frames that are got up into their places singly after the frames are ribanded and shored.
1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., *Filling-transom, is just above the deck transoms, securing the ends of the gun-deck plank and lower-transoms.
▪ II. filling, ppl. a.|ˈfɪlɪŋ|
[f. as prec. + -ing2.]
That fills or is adapted to fill.
1626Bacon Sylva §300 Things that are Sweet and Fat, are more Filling. 1674P. Henry Diaries & Lett. (1882) 267 The world to come, not this, is the filling world. 1691–8Norris Pract. Disc. IV. 179 Can a Man Sin with this great and filling Thought before him? 1837Dickens Pickw. xliv, ‘Crumpets is not wholesome’..‘But they're so cheap..and so wery fillin' at the price.’ 1872Daily News 5 Nov., The most convenient, not to say filling, luncheon.
Hence ˈfillingly adv., in a filling manner.
1611Cotgr., Fillingly, compleatly, perfectly. |