| 释义 |
tolu-
the prec. word as a formative element in chemical terms (first in Ger. toluin, Berzelius 1842, whence in Eng. toluol 1845, toluene 1871). ˈtoluate, a salt of toluic acid, as toluate of calcium, C16H14Ca{pp}O4. toluene |ˈtɒl(j)uːiːn, ˈtəʊl-| [so named because obtained by Deville 1841, by the dry distillation of tolu balsam], C7H8 = benzylic hydride, C7H7.H, a colourless very mobile strongly refracting liquid, with a smell like benzene and a burning taste; discovered by Pelletier and Walter, 1837; the source of many compounds and substitution products, into the names of which it enters, e.g. chlorotoluene, methyltoluene, toluene-sulphuric, etc.; hence toluˈenic a., as toluenic sulphydrate. toluic |ˈtɒl(j)uːɪk, ˈtəʊl-| a. [toluene + -ic], in toluic or toluylic acid, C8H8O2, an aromatic acid, homologous with benzoic acid, prepared from toluene, cymene, or xylene; so toluic aldehyde, C8H7OH, toluic chloride, C8H7OCl, toluic ether, etc. ˈtoluides, compounds homologous with the anilides, derived from toluidine salts by abstraction of water, e.g. aceto-toluide. ˈtoluol, earlier name of toluene. toluˈoxyl, C8H7O, the radical of toluic acid and its derivatives. toluquinone [quinone], the aromatic compound CH3C6H3O2; also, any of the derivatives of this compound. toˈluric a. [uric], in toluric acid, C10H11NO3, also called toluglycic acid, homologous with hippuric acid, produced in the passage of toluic acid through the animal body; its salts are toˈlurates. toluyl |ˈtɒl(j)uːɪl, ˈtəʊl-| [-yl], the radical, C8H9; hence toluˈylic a., of or belonging to toluyl, as toluylic alcohol, C8H9OH, etc.
1860Kopp in Phil. Trans. CL. 262 *Toluate of Ethyl..C20H12O4. 1868Watts Dict. Chem. V. 862 A mixture of toluate and formate of calcium yields by distillation toluic aldehyde, C8H8O.
1871Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XXIV. 680 On the determination of the chemical position in some *Toluene derivatives. 1887Standard 16 Sept. 3/3 The toluene was the root substance from which..saccharine was prepared. 1894Daily News 26 Jan. 5/4 One ton of good cannel coal, when distilled in gas retorts, leaves twelve gallons of coal-tar, from which are produced a pound of benzine, a pound of toluene, a pound and a-half of phenol, six pounds of naphthalene, a small quantity of xylene, and half-a-pound of anthracene for dyeing purposes.
1857Miller Elem. Chem. III. 430 In the benzoic series the existence of three homologous terms,..the benzoic, the *toluic, and the cuminic series. Ibid. 475 But the acid.., the toluic (or toluylic), is known. 1873Watts Fownes' Chem. (ed. 11) 816 Toluic Acid is derived from dimethyl⁓benzene. 1880Nature XXI. 218/2 A toluic alcohol.
1845–8Noad in Mem. & Proc. Chem. Soc. III. 422 Proposed the more appropriate name of *toluol. 1857Miller Elem. Chem. III. 479 When balsam of tolu is distilled, it yields benzoic ether and a hydrocarbon..termed toluole. 1863Tyndall Heat i. 20 Let us compare in this respect toluol and water. 1866Roscoe Elem. Chem. 335 A series of bodies, isomeric with these toluol compounds, exists. 1891Anthony's Photogr. Bull. IV. 415 Formula for the production of toluol matt varnish.
[1870Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XXXIII. 135 (caption) Trichlorotoluquinone.] 1874Index Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 1848–72 254/1 *Toluquinones. 1975Nature 20 Nov. 194/1 The chemicals present in the glandular secretions of insects are often exceedingly diverse... They comprise..a great number of phenolic substances and quinones (such as phenol..and toluquinone).
1868Watts Dict. Chem. V. 869 *Toluric acid crystallises from boiling water in colourless laminæ; from alcohol in trimetric prisms.
Ibid., *Toluyl. C8H9. The radicle of toluylic alcohol and its allied compounds; isomeric with xylyl. 1873C. H. Ralfe Phys. Chem. Introd. 19 Benzene C6H6 and Toluene C7H8 are the most important members of this series... From them are derived the important monad radicals phenyl C6H5 and toluyl C7H7. 1896Allbutt's Syst. Med. I. 196 The action on the blood of certain poisons, such as arseniuretted hydrogen and toluyl-endiamine.
1862Miller Elem. Chem. (ed. 2) III. 462 *Toluylia is a fusible crystalline solid, which boils at 388°.
1857*Toluylic [see toluic]. |