| 释义 |
▪ I. probiotic
see pro-2 1.
▪ II. probiotic, a.1 and n. Biol. and Med.
Brit. |ˌprəʊbʌɪˈɒtɪk|, U.S. |ˌproʊbaɪˈɑdɪk|
[‹ pro- prefix1 + -biotic (in antibiotic adj.), after French probiotique (R. Duliscouët 1935, in Comptes rendus Soc. de Biol.1181277); compare -biotic comb. form.]
A. adj.
1. Promoting the growth of organisms, esp. microorganisms.
1953E. S. Cook in Brewing Chemists' News Let. Sept. 4/3 Substances found in a number of tissues do not inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus but actually stimulate it, hence the term ‘probiotic’. 1965Science 12 Feb. 747/3 The probiotic effect was lost when the conditioned medium was subjected to prolonged autoclaving. 1978Amer. Midland Naturalist 99 442 It is also possible..that antibiotic and/or probiotic chemical interactions influence interspecific competition. 1989Science 25 Aug. 851/2 It is possible that the growth stimulation elicited by PQQ [= pyrroloquinoline quinone] is the result of its potential probiotic effects.
2. Of, relating to, or containing probiotics (sense B. 2).
1988Veterinary Rec. 10 Dec. 632 Probiotic use. 1989W. L. Porter in B. A. Stark & J. M. Wilkinson Probiotics iv. 39 Trials with pigs, using probiotic culture material, have given excellent results in terms of weight gain. 1989Woman's Jrnl. July 148/3 Protexin B, a probiotic powder, has been used in research on thousands of candida sufferers with a 75 per cent success rate. 2000Daily Tel. 16 Feb. 21/2 Probiotic supplements containing bowel-friendly species of bacteria—especially enteric-coated Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria species..—can help to overcome disease-causing gut infections.
B. n.
1. A substance that promotes the growth of organisms; esp. a metabolite produced by one microorganism that promotes the growth of other microorganisms.
1959Ecology 40 526/2 Other areas..are described in brief paragraphs or are omitted entirely (e.g., the important studies..of the occurrence of algal antibiotics and probiotics..). 1965Science 12 Feb. 747/2 It was also found possible to grow Colpidium in a chemically defined medium so that the unknown products, which we designate ‘probiotics’, could be readily separated from the known components of the culture medium. 1978Infection & Immunity 22 889/1 He proposed the term ‘probiotics’ for those staphylococcal products that enhanced the growth of diphtheria bacilli.
2. A microorganism, or (in early use) a substance, used to restore or modify the composition of the microflora of a compartment of the body (esp. the intestines or rumen); a preparation of such microorganisms.
1974R. B. Parker in Animal Nutrition & Health Dec. 5/1 We refer to organisms and substances which contribute to intestinal microbial balances as ‘probiotics’. 1983Progress in Food & Nutrition Sci. 7 5 The use of probiotics as a means of preventing enteric disease or for improving digestion was first suggested by Elie Metchnikoff. 1986Times 14 June 5/7 The use of bacteria known as probiotics to reduce the effects of stress and promote growth in farm animals is attracting increasing interest in Britain. 1993Western Horseman Mar. 116/2, I received the supplements from Jim, containing..a balanced vitamin supplement;..a probiotic that assists in digestion efficiency; and..a mineral supplement. 1999Brit. Med. Jrnl. (Electronic ed.) 10 Apr. Of 180 patients in a double blind controlled study, 9.5% of those receiving the probiotic had diarrhoea compared with 22% of the controls given placebo. |