| 释义 |
toneme Linguistics.|ˈtəʊniːm|
[f. tone n. + -eme.]
A tone or set of tones functioning as a distinctive unit in a tone language (cf. phoneme 1 b). Hence toˈnemic a.; toˈnemically adv.
1923D. M. Beach Phonetics of Pekingese (London Univ. thesis) ii. 9 Corresponding to the phoneme is the toneme, which is a group of tones no one of which may be used in the same position as any other. 1924― in Bantu Stud. Dec. 90 The key to all tonetic transcription is the principle of the toneme,..a group of tones within a given language. 1926C. M. Doke in Ibid. July 218 Words tonemically different and differing in meaning may under certain morphological circumstances become tonemically alike. 1930J. R. Firth Speech iii. 27 A proper understanding and use of the tonemes of these languages would appear to be a sine qua non. 1944Internat. Jrnl. Amer. Linguistics X. 123/2 The tonemic changes are by no means always substitution of a high for a mid toneme. 1957D. Jones Hist. & Meaning of Term ‘Phoneme’ 12 One day—..about February 1921—he [sc. D. M. Beach] gave a lecture in the Department of Phonetics at University College, London,..in the course of which he demonstrated that each of the four so-called ‘tones’ of that language [sc. Pekingese] had ‘variants’ conditioned by the tones of syllables adjoining them in connected speech, and sometimes by other factors. The word ‘toneme’ was coined at my suggestion: it was readily accepted by Beach and the..staff of the Department. 1965[see intoneme]. 1976Word 1971 XXVII. 379 The toneme distinction in Swedish (accent 1 and accent 2), differentiating words like stegen [ste:gen] with accent 1 ‘the ladder’ and stegen [*ste:gen] with accent 2 ‘the steps’, however, is not mastered at an early stage. 1978Language LIV. 245/2 R. W. Wilkinson..argues that mid tone is tonemic. |