| 释义 |
▪ I. ‖ tonga, n.1 E. Ind.|ˈtɒŋgə|
Also tanga.
[a. Hindī tāngā.]
a. A light and small two-wheeled carriage or cart used in India.
1874Settlement Rep. Nasik (Yule), Driving light tongas drawn by ponies or oxen. 1882F. M. Crawford Mr. Isaacs ix, The Himalayan tonga is a thing of delight. 1894I. Petrie in Life vii. (1900) 136 A tonga resembles a squat dog-cart with a hood. 1904Times 6 Jan. 5/2 The Indian tongas used in South Africa were very suitable over even ground.
b. attrib. and Comb. as tonga cart, tonga-driver, tonga-horn, tonga road; tonga wallah, the driver of a tonga.
1881Let. fr. Bombay Govt. to Govt. of India 17 June (Yule), Gallantly defending the mail tonga cart.
1882F. M. Crawford Mr. Isaacs ix, Every tonga-driver is provided with a post horn.
1886Kipling Departm. Ditties, etc. (1899) 86 So long as 'neath the Kalka hills The tonga-horn shall ring.
1894I. Petrie in Life vii. (1900) 141 The tonga road was demolished by recent snows.
1942M. R. Anand Sword & Sickle i. 27 A tonga wallah called rudely. 1955R. P. Jhabvala To whom she Will xiv. 98 The tonga-walla in his stained turban cursed and muttered and whipped his horse. 1978‘M. M. Kaye’ Far Pavilions ii. x. 155 Tell the tonga-wallah to wait.
▪ II. ‖ tonga, n.2|ˈtɒŋgə|
[An arbitrary name, said in Pharm. Jrnl. to have been invented by Mr. Ryder, who first sent specimens to Europe.]
A drug extracted from the root of the Fijian plant Epipremnum pinnatum, Engler, used by the natives of Fiji as a remedy for neuralgia; also known in England and America. Also attrib.
(For its introduction into England, see The Lancet for March, 1880, 360, 361, also 445, and the Pharmaceutical Journal for April, 1880. A full history in Gardeners' Chron. 1882, XVII. 180, and Journal of Bot. 1882, 332.)
1880S. Ringer in Lancet 6 Mar. 360/2 (heading) On Tonga: a remedy for neuralgia, used by the natives of the Fiji Islands. 1880Kew Report 55. 1882 N. E. Brown in Gard. Chron. XVII. 180/2 The Tonga plant is an ornamental climber of rapid growth, with bold dark green pinnatisect leaves. 1883Science I. 80/2 The drug tonga is shown..to be the product mainly of a climbing aroid (Epiprem[n]um mirabile).
Hence tongine |ˈtɒŋgaɪn|, Chem.: see quot.
1890Billings Nat. Med. Dict., Tongine, a volatile alkaloid found by Gerrard in tonga.
▪ III. ‖ tonga, n.3|ˈtɒŋgə|
[Native name in Peru.]
A beverage inducing stupefaction and delirium, prepared from the seeds of Datura sanguinea by the Indians of Peru. Also in comb.
1852Kingston Manco iii. (1853) 36 Our brother has but drunk the tonga; his spirit has departed for a season. Ibid. 37 The group of Indians..collected round the tonga-drinker. 1857Dunglison Med. Lex. s.v. Datura, A narcotic drink called Tonga. |