| 释义 |
▪ I. fist, n.1|fɪst|
Forms: 1 fýst, (fæst), 2–6 fest(e, (3 south. veste), 3–5 fust(e, (3 south. vuste), 4–5 feest, 4–6 fyst(e, 4, 6–7 fiste, 5– fist.
[OE. fýst str. fem. corresponds to OFris. fêst, MLG. fûst (Du. vuist), OHG. fûst (MHG. vûst, mod.Ger. faust):—WGer. *fûsti.
By some scholars this is referred to an OTeut. form *fûhsti-z, *funhsti-z:—pre-Teut. *pṇqstis (whence OSl. pęstĭ of same meaning), f. ablaut-variant of *penqe five.]
1. The hand clenched or closed tightly, with the fingers doubled into the palm:
a. gen., esp. for the purpose of striking.
a900Lorica Gloss. 49 in O.E. Texts (1885) 173 Pugnas, fyste. c1000ælfric Exod. xxi. 18 Gif men cidaþ & hira oþer hys nextan mid..fyste sticþ. c1050Monastic Sign-language in Techmer's Internat. Zeitschr. f. alig. Sprgsch. II. 124 Rær up þine fæste. c1160Hatton Gosp. Mark xiv. 65 Sume..mid festen hine beaten. c1205Lay. 22785, & seodden þa uustes uusden to sweoren. a1225Ancr. R. 106 He þolede..þet te Giws dutten..his deorewurde muð mid hore dreori fustes. c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 105 Þe fyngris of his hand ben folden into his fist. 1490Caxton Eneydos xxvii. 107 Smytynge her brestes wyth her handes and fustes. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W.) 253 b, They layde on hym with theyr fystes and other wepens. 1588Marprel Epist. (Arb.) 4 You will shortly..haue twenty fistes about your eares. 1626J. Pory in Ellis Orig. Lett. i. 331 III. 239 The Queen..brake the glasse windowes with her fiste. 1650Bulwer Anthropomet. 175 He only fights with a closed fist. 1740Somerville Hobbinol ii. 294 His Iron Fist descending crush'd his Skull. 1840Dickens Old C. Shop v, Testifying..a vehement desire to shake her matronly fist at her son-in-law. 1865Kingsley Herew. II. ii. 36 Which we inherited by right of fist.
b. for clasping or holding something within. Hence also, grasp, grip, clutches. Now chiefly jocular.
Cf. F. poing, still the ordinary word in this sense. In Eng. hand is now commonly used.
1297R. Glouc. (1724) 345 Boþe hys honden he nom Vol of þe poudre & of þe erþe..And closedes to gader & hys fustes boþe adrou. c1320R. Brunne Medit. 212 He þat þou seest yn þe prestes fest. a1400Prymer (1891) 18 He..hooldith the world in his feest. c1400Destr. Troy 10995 Philmen the fre kyng, þat he in fyst hade. 1483Caxton G. de la Tour E vij, She with her fyst tooke hym fast by the mantell. c1500Melusine xxxviii. 302 The geaunt, that held his syþe in his fyst. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 2 He that a little before perswaded himselfe to have helde all England in his fist, now [etc.]. 1590Spenser F.Q. ii. vii. 34 More light then Culver in the Faulcons fist. 1676Hobbes Iliad (1677) 244 Lycon..broke his sword: one part staid in his fist; The other flew. 1727–38Gay Fables ii. ix. 10, I know, that in a modern fist, Bribes in full energy subsist. 1807–8Syd. Smith Plymley's Lett. Wks. 1859 II. 139/2 No eel in the well-sanded fist of a cook-maid..ever twisted..as [etc.]. 1833Mrs. Browning Prometh. Bound Poems (1850) I. 182 To shatter in Poseidon's fist The trident-spear. 1864Sir F. Palgrave Norm. & Eng. III. 19 The leash in his fist.
c. In various phrases: to grease the fist or (one) in the fist: to bribe, pay well; so, † to mollify the fist. to make a (good, poor, etc.) fist: colloq. (orig. U.S. and dial.) to make a (good, etc.) attempt at or of something. Also, hand over fist, hand to fist: see hand.
1598Bp. Hall Sat. iv. v. 2 That some fat bribe might grease him in the fist. 1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 98 Till a right understanding be created..which commonly follows when the Fist is mollified. 1700S. L. tr. Fryke's Voy. E. Ind. 111, I had now and then greased the Chief Surgeons Fist. 1833A. Greene Dod. Duckworth ii. 8 You hadn't ought to tax any thing..seeing you've made such a fist of it. 1838C. Gilman Recoll. Southern Matron v. 46 He reckoned he should make a better fist at farming than edicating. 1841W. G. Simms Kinsmen II. 24 (Th.), You made a poor fist of this business. 1869A. C. Gibson Folk-sp. Cumb. 177 Thoo hes mead a fist on't. 1876Hardy Ethelberta xlvi, 'Tis a poor fist I can make at hearing anything. 1880Howells Undisc. Country v. 87 Mrs. Burton is really making a very pretty fist at a salon. 1920Galsworthy In Chancery iii, He made a poor fist of sleeping. 1950E. A. McCourt Home is Stranger (1951) ii. 31 He doesn't make much of a fist at farming. 1965Listener 2 Dec. 934/2 You could make a much better fist of it than the experts.
d. in Falconry, with reference to carrying hawks.
1482Monk of Evesham xxxiii. (Arb.) 75 Sothely he bare there on hys fyste a lytyll byrdde lyke a sparhauke. 1486Bk. St. Albans D j b, When ye haue yowre hawke on yowre fyst. 1562J. Heywood Prov. & Epigr. (1867) 214 They [falcones] wyll check oft, but neuer come to the fist. 1828J. S. Sebright Observ. Hawking 47 The goshawk is termed a hawk of the fist, because it is from thence, and not from the air, that he flies at his game. 1865Kingsley Herew. xv, He will have his hawks to sit on his fist.
e. Used occasionally for: † (a) A blow with the fist (obs.); (b) the art of using the fists, boxing.
1767H. Brooke Fool of Qual. I. iii. 74 Harry gave him such a sudden fist in the temple as drove him staggering backward. Ibid. I. vi. 206 [He] gave him such a sudden fist in the mouth. a1839Praed Poems (1864) II. 13 Skilful in fencing and in fist.
2. a. The hand, not necessarily clenched or closed. Obs. exc. in jocular use.
a1300Fragm. Pop. Sc. (Wright) 322 Thelbowes to the schare, the fustes to the chynne. c1314Guy Warw. (A.) 4059 Mani he smot of fot & fest. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. xx. 124 The fader is þenne as þe fust with fynger and with paume. a1400–50Alexander 4674 With ilka fingire on ȝoure fist. 1583Stanyhurst Aeneis i. (Arb.) 28 This fist shal sacrifice great flocks on thy sacred altars. 1586J. Hooker Girald. Irel. in Holinshed II. 24/2 She..did wring hir fists, and cried out with a lowd voice. 1628Ford Lover's Mel. ii. i, Humbly on my knees I kiss your gracious hand. I have a fist for thee too, stripling. 1650Bulwer Anthropomet. ii. 113 The people of Numidia eat out of their Fist. 1708Motteux Rabelais iv. v. (1737) 20 Panurge and his Antagonist shak'd Fists. 1719D'Urfey Pills (1872) III. 105 Each Lad took his Lass by the Fist. Mod. colloq. Give us your fist, old fellow: i.e. shake hands.
b. Print. slang. An index mark ☛.
1888in Jacobi Printer's Vocab. s.v.
3. The ‘hand’ that one writes; handwriting. Now only jocular.
[1524R. Dolphine Let. 19 Apr. in M.A.E. Wood Lett. R. Ladies (1846) II. 23 The letter is subscribed and signed ‘By the rude fist of your servant..Richard Dolphine’.] a1553Udall Royster D. iii. v. Loke you on your owne fist, and I will looke on this. 1567Turberv. Ovid's Ep., Ulysses to Penelope U j b, I knewe thy freendly fist at first. c1690in Bagford Ballads (1877) 757 Several Yards of Fist Were wanting to compleat the List. 1864Derby Day i. 8 Your friend writes a tolerable fist.
4. attrib. and Comb., as fist-like adj.; fistwise adv.; fist-ball (see quot.); fist-fight, a duel with fists; so fist-fighter, fist-fighting; fist-free a., unharmed by blows; fist-law (= Ger. faustrecht), the right of the strongest; fist-mate, an opponent in a boxing-match; † fist-meat, in phr. to eat fist-meat, to receive a blow in the mouth from a fist; fist-note, in Printing, matter of particular importance signalled by a symbol in the shape of a hand with the index finger extended; fist-work, fighting with the fists. Also close-fist.
1585Higins tr. Nomenclator 296 Follis..a *fist ball or a wind ball beaten with the fists to and fro in play.
1603Holland Plutarch's Mor. v. iv. 773 At hurl-bats and *fist-fight. 1873J. H. Beadle Undevel. West iv. 88 Dances, drunks and fist-fights met with a sudden interruption. 1961A. Miller Misfits xi. 128 A blasted look is on Gay's face, as though he had been beaten in a fistfight in a cause he only half-believed.
1950J. Dempsey Championship Fighting xvi. 89 They [sc. shovels] are particularly valuable for the *fist-fighter.
Ibid. i. 9 Exploding body-weight is the most important weapon in *fist-fighting or in boxing.
1615T. Tomkis Albumazar v. ix, Neuer a sute I wore today, but hath been soundly basted. Onely this faithfull Countrey-case 'scap't *fist-free.
1831Examiner 436/1 It was probably acquired..by *fist-law (the jus gladii, or Faustrecht, of the old Civilians). 1856R. A. Vaughan Mystics (1860) I. 35 A rough age of fist-law.
1647R. Stapylton Juvenal 214 Hie [His?] *fist-like dowcets.
1834Landor Wks. (1846) II. 239/2 A third [fights] because the next parish is an eyesore to him, and his *fist-mate is from it.
1563Jack Juggler (Grosart 1873) 47 Gentlemen are you disposed to eat any *fist-mete?
1934Webster, *Fist-note. 1967Dict. Canadianisms xix/2 Within many entries are short notes (identified by this symbol ☛ and called ‘fist-notes’).
1393Langl. P. Pl. C. xx. 150 As my hand and my fyngres, Vnfolde oþer yfolde, a *fust-wise oþer elles, Al is hit bote on hand. a1603T. Cartwright Confut. Rhem. N.T. (1618) 514 The same hand which being first stretched forth palm-wise, is after gathered fist-wise.
1819T. Moore Tom Crib's Mem. (ed. 3) 6 A Ring and fair *fist-work at Aix-la-Chapelle.
▪ II. fist, n.2|faɪst|
Forms: 5 fyyst, 5–7, 9 fiste, 6–7 fiest, fyest, fyst(e, 9 Sc. feist, 7, 9 fist. Also foist.
[First appears in 15th c., though OE. has the vbl. n. físting (see under fist v.2). The various WGer. langs. have synonymous words representing the three ablaut-types faist-, fîst-, fist-: MDu. veest, mod.Du. vijst, MLG. vîst, mod.HG. fist. Cf. ON. físa (Da. fise) to break wind, and see fise n.
A view widely held is that OTeut. *fisti- is f. *fest:—OAryan *pezd- whence L. pēdere, Gr. βδέω (from bzd-), Lith. bezdyti, and that the root fī̆s was evolved from this; but the hypothesis does not clearly account for the facts.]
†1. A breaking wind, a foul smell, stink. Obs.
1440Promp. Parv. 163/1 Fyyst, stynk, lirida. 1511Demaundes joyous in Kemble Salomon (1848) 288 It is fartes and fyestes. a1529Skelton Elynour Rummyng 343 Jone sayne she had eaten a fyest; By Christ, sayde she, thou lyest, I haue as swete a breth As thou. 1605B. Jonson, etc. Eastward Hoe iv, F iv b, Marry, fyste o' your kindnesse. I thought as much. 1611Cotgr., Secrette..a fiste. 1664Cotton Scarron. 44 With that he whistled out most mainly. You might have heard his Fist..From one side of the skie to th' t' other.
†2. The fungus usually known as puff-ball (Lycoperdon bovista). Also called bullfist, puckfist (see those words) and wolves' fist. Obs.
1597Gerarde Herbal iii. clxii. 1386 Puffe Fistes are commonly called in Latine Lupi crepitus or Woolfes Fistes. 1611Cotgr., Vesse de loup, the dustie or smoakie Toad⁓stole called..Bull fyste, Puffyst, wolues fyste.
3. U.S. dial. A small dog. Cf. fisting-hound.
1860Bartlett Dict. Amer., Fiste (i as in mice).
4. Comb., fist-ball = fuzz-ball, puff-ball.
1635Herrick K. Obron's Feast Poems (1869) 471 A little fust-ball [1648 Hesper. 137 Fuz-ball] pudding standes By. 1640Parkinson Theat. Bot. xiv. lxiv. 1324 The Fusse balls or rather Foist or Fist balls.
▪ III. fist, v.1|fɪst|
[f. fist n.1]
†1. intr. To fight with the fists. Obs.
a1300Salomon & Sat. (1848) 272 Þou most fist and fle ylome wiþ eye ant wiþ herte. 1705[see fisting vbl. n.].
2. a. trans. To strike with the fist, beat, punch.
1597Shakes. 2 Hen. IV, ii. i. 23 If I but fist him once. 1681Dryden Sp. Friar v. ii, I saw him spurning and fisting her most unmercifully. 1876Tennyson Harold i. i, The boy would fist me hard.
b. spec. in Assoc. Football. Also absol.
1909Daily Chron. 1 Feb. 8/5 The latter unobserved by the referee fisted the ball into the net..and a goal was allowed. 1937Times 15 Feb. 6 Bigot first hooked the ball in when Hankey had fisted out a troublesome free-kick by Payen. 1970Times 30 Sept. 15/4 Ferencvaros continued to press—Clemence fisted clear.
3. To grasp or seize with the fist; to handle. Now esp. Naut. † to fist about, to hand round.
1607Shakes. Cor. iv. v. 131 We haue beene downe together in my sleepe..fisting each others Throat. 1685Cotton tr. Montaigne I. 621 Neither is it [the Bible] a book for every one to fist. 1701Farquhar Sir H. Wildair ii. i, I warrant they [salvers] were fisted about among his dirty levee of disbanded officers. 1840R. H. Dana Bef. Mast 124 We had to fist the sail with bare hands. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Fist, to handle a rope or sail promptly. 1870Meade Ride N. Zealand 356 To see me take off my coat and fist an oar.
†4. to fist (a person) with: to place in his hand, to make to accept. Obs. rare.
1599Life Sir T. More in Wordsw. Eccl. Biog. II. 85 For all theire importunate pressinge of him they could by no means fist him with one penny thereof.
Hence ˈfisting vbl. n., the action of the vb.
1608Shakes. Per. iv. vi. 177 To the choleric fisting of every rogue Thy ear is liable. 1705E. Ward Hud. Rediv. i. i. 88 Each Zealot's Purity consisting In bitter Words, and sometimes fisting.
Add:5. To form (the hand) into a fist; to clench (the fingers) (also with together). U.S.
1953C. A. Lindbergh Spirit of St. Louis vi. 236 I'd fisted my hands inside their mittens to keep the fingers warm. a1963S. Plath Crossing Water (1971) 17 In my well-boiled hospital shift..I roll to an anteroom where a kind man Fists my fingers for me. 1963― Bell Jar ix. 115 Then I fisted my fingers together and smashed them at his nose. 1969V. Nabokov Ada i. v. 39 He noticed Ada's trick of hiding her fingernails by fisting her hand.
▸ trans. coarse slang. a. To stimulate (the penis) manually, as a means of sexual gratification.
c 1890 fisting n. at Additions1972B. Rodgers Queens' Vernacular 115 Hey, legs! There's a five in it if you fist it off for me! 1991Independent on Sunday 19 May (Sunday Review Suppl.) 29/1 He gives his rent boy champagne, and has him stand naked and recite his sexual history while fisting his dick, his shlonger, his shvontz.
b. = fist-fuck v. 2.
1982D. Altman Homosexualization of Amer. vi. 203 The crucial questions posed by sadomasochism are not whether it is good or bad or even a sign of decadence that men fist and piss on each other. 1997E. White Farewell Symphony (1998) ii. 76 I'd dated my doctor, he'd even fisted me once on an afternoon on Fire Island when we were both stoned and bathed in a sea of grease. 2000Village Voice (N.Y.) 18 Apr. 172 When one woman fists another, it is a defiant act—bold, outrageous, boundary-busting.
▸ fisting n. spec. (coarse slang), (a) male masturbation (rare); (b) = fist-fucking n. 2.
c1890My Secret Life VIII. 1546 After some violent *fisting of his tool, he rose. 1981Psychol. Today May 82 Some offensively detailed pages on the technology of what is called fisting. 1991A. Nikiforuk Fourth Horseman x. 170 The only thing revolutionary about promiscuity, fisting or rimming was that they exposed gay men to more blood, feces, bacteria, protozoa and viruses than any peasant encountered in Bangladesh. 2002Diva Mar. 27 (advt.) Contains good advice on everything from g-spot stimulation to anal sex, vaginal fisting, and other favourite lesbian sex techniques.
▪ IV. † fist, v.2 Obs.
Forms: 5 fyistyn, 6 fyest, (flesten, fysthe), 6–7 fyst(e.
[? OE. *fístan (? implied in físting vbl. n.), f. *físt n. (see prec.); cf. Du. vijsten, veesten, MHG. visten.]
intr. To break wind.
c1440Promp. Parv. 163/1 Fyistyn, cacco, lirido. 1530Palsgr. 549/1 Beware nowe thou fysthe nat. 1570Levins Manip. 92/25 To Fyest, pedere. 1605Marston Dutch Courtezan iv. v. G ij, I must fiddle him till he fyst. 1611Cotgr., Vessir, to fyste, to let a fyste.
Hence ˈfisting vbl. n. Also ˈfister, one who fists.
c1000ælfric Gloss. in Wr.-Wülcker 162/43 Fesiculatio, fisting. c1440Promp. Parv. 163/1 Fyystynge, liridacio. 1527Andrew Brunswyke's Distyll. Waters F ij, As with fystynge and shytyng. 1580Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong, Cest vn gros, vn grand vesseur, a great farter or fyster. 1611Cotgr., Venneur, a fizzler or fyster. |