| 释义 |
tophus|ˈtəʊfəs|
Also 6–7 tofus, 7 tophis, -as. pl. ‖ tophi; also 7 tophy, tophoes, tophuses, tofusses.
[a. L. tōphus, better tōfus, a general name for loose porous stones of various kinds, whence It. tufo (also tofo in Florio, ‘a kind of soft, crumbling, or mouldring stone, to build withall’), Fr. tuf (16th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), ‘generic name of porous stones, produced in the form of sediment or incrustation, as calcareous, siliceous, volcanic tuf’ (Littré): see also tuff, tufa.]
1. A soft porous stone, arenaceous, calcareous, or volcanic; esp. a stony substance deposited by calcareous springs.
1555Eden Decades 19 The stone cauled Tofus whiche is soone resolued into sande. 1615G. Sandys Trav. 161 (tr. Juvenal) How much more venerable had it beene, If grasse had cloth'd the circling banks in greene, Nor marble had the natiue tophis marr'd. Ibid. 272 The artificiall rocks, shells, mosse and tophas, seeme euen to excell that which they imitate. 1621― Ovid's Met. iii. (1632) 84 A natiue Arch she drew, With Pumice and light Tofusses, that grew [iii. 160 nam pumice vivo, Et levibus tophis nativum duxerat arcem]. 1692Ray Disc. 111 Among Tophi and Stones in those dry places. 1696Phil. Trans. XIX. 194 He produces one Echinus, bruised in the Tophus in which it lay. 1789Pilkington View Derby. I. vii. 316, I have seen a stag's head..which was found in the tophus at Alport. 1842Brande Dict. Sc., etc., Tophus, the term has been applied to porous deposits of calcareous matter from water.
2. Path. A concretion which forms on the surface of the joints, the teeth, the pinna of the ear, etc. in gout; a gouty deposit; also gravel, or a stone or calculus, formed within the body.
1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 65 In the second venter of a cow there is a round black tophus found, being of no weight. 1612Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 71 Amoniacum..dissolveth Tophoes or hard stones grown in the flesh. 1663Boyle Usef. Exp. Nat. Philos. ii. iii. 77 With a very few Doses..the Merchant was quickly free'd, not onely from his Pains, but from his Gouty Tophy. 1698Tyson in Phil. Trans. XX. 132 These Hairy Tophi are frequently to be met with in the Stomachs of Bruits. 1860Mayne Expos. Lex., Tophus... Med. A name for the matter concreted in the joints of the gouty; also the calculous matter concreted in the kidneys and urinary bladder; also the tartar on the teeth. Surg. Term for a swelling particularly affecting a bone, or the periosteum: a toph. 1866A. Flint Princ. Med. (1880) 1103 These gouty concretions are called tophi or chalk-stones.
3. Comb. tophus-stone = travertin.
1830Lyell Princ. Geol. I. 211 Pallas..enumerates a great many hot springs, which have deposited monticules of travertin precisely analogous in composition and structure to those of the baths of San Filippo, and other localities in Italy... Speaking of the tophus-stone, as he terms these limestones, he often observes that it is snow-white. |